Fixed formwork for foundation with own hands

Fixed formwork for the foundation is used by builders for more than 15 years. They evaluated the universal rapid technology for the construction of foundations of large industrial, residential and private buildings. The main advantage of this method is to minimize the low-quality performance of works, the factor of the physical process and human participation. Manufactured foam polystyrene blocks for formwork require the performers to accurately assemble the assembled drawings.

Advantages and disadvantages of non-removable formwork

Application of the finished form does not change the basic process of foundation pouring, they affect the duration of work, reducing the time. Classical technology offered the following order of works:

1. Acquisition of material on formwork.
2. Assembly of construction on the construction site.
3. Installing the enclosure in a specially dug trench.
4. Pouring of concrete-cement mixture.

The non-removable form suggests assembling a fencing barrier from the finished blocks and installing it in a trench.

Advantages of non-removable foundations:

1. Non-combustible, have a category of fire safety G2.
2. Assembly does not require time and special knowledge in the design.
3. Seismic resistant blocks strengthen the foundation vertically.
4. Low block density does not overload the foundation of the building.
5. Assembly does not require the use of special equipment.
6. Water repellent material. Creates additional protection.
7. Does not promote the development of microorganisms and fungi.
8. Protects from cold.
9. Reduces the stage of building a foundation 5 or more times.

Disadvantages of technology:

1. Non-removable formwork is designed for single use.

Composition material for fixed formwork

1. Standard - expanded polystyrene. Heat-insulating, moisture-repellent, lightweight material. Produced by domestic manufacturers. The cost of formwork is 1 $ per running meter.

• advantages of the material: a waste price. Additional thermal insulation of walls;
• disadvantages: brittle, has a low air permeability.

2. Blocks from a mixture of wood chips and cement - arbolite. For reliability and durability, wood chips are treated with chemical compounds that increase protection against waterlogging, rotting, ignition. The special structure of the material is achieved by a chaotic arrangement of air spheres around the tree.

• advantages of building material: high sound and heat insulation ability. Used for foundation and pouring floors;
• disadvantages: not an ideal surface, roughness or small notches are possible.

3. Fibrolite blocks. Made from a mixture of alkaline magnesite, portland cement and wood shavings. The resulting blocks are environmentally friendly, without harmful chemical additives.

• Advantages of the material: biostable, frost-proof, endowed with high vapor permeability characteristics, durable, fireproof;
• disadvantage: not popular, rarely used due to the nature of the production process.

4. The patented technology of "rolling concrete" - the optimal solution for low-budget construction. The principle of the technological process is simple and allows you to independently manufacture forms of a conventional and complex configuration. On a production scale, the rolling is carried out on mills and tables with the help of rollers and templates. Use special molds, which makes it possible to pour out any unusual or thin shape with a complex profile. Inside lay the reinforcement, install embedded and rolling locks. It is the ability to produce thin sheet products of a complex profile that predetermined the use of the method for producing lightweight shells of non-removable formwork. In the production of cement, water, sand. Plasticizers and seals are not used.

• advantages of the method: the production of complex thin-profile elements.

Unique properties of the material: high frost resistance up to - 500С, not destroyed in climatic conditions with sharp changes in temperature, high humidity, stable in aggressive environments. The only material for non-removable formwork, which allows to give an aesthetic appearance of the outside. This is achieved by adding mineral wool, basalt, marble chips, mineral dyes or pigments.

Fixed formwork for foundation with own hands

With accurate and accurate manufacturing, fixed formwork is installed in the home.

Materials and tools required for the technological process:

• Buy sheet material that meets the requirements: resistance to decay, elasticity, strength. The choice is made from plywood, impregnated with a special composition, sheets of DSP, flat slate.
• Buy a reusable formwork kit consisting of tightening screws and nuts.
• Prepare a stock of cement, sand, water for foundation pouring.

• To buy reinforcing bars.
• Buy waterproofing material.
• Mineral heat insulator.
• Depth vibrator. The working part of the device is up to 40 mm. Or a piece of reinforcement length equal to the height of the block, increased by 3 times.

Foundation technology for non-removable formwork:

1. The foundation is covered with a waterproofing.
2. Drive reinforcing bars into the foundation of the foundation. The distance between rows is chosen from own calculations with a reserve for the thickness of the mineral wool.
3. Put the blocks on the reinforcing bars.
4. Lay the first layer. A horizontal reinforcement is placed in special grooves. The masonry is overlapped, wire-twisted together between the reinforcing insert sections and the main vertical reinforcement. The first layer is the main one. In accordance with the plan of construction at this level, there are bends for internal partitions, door slopes.
5. Fix the form of the fixed formwork when laying the second layer of blocks, ensuring overlapping of the seams. Follow the coincidence of the sides of each layer. The laying process is similar to laying brick. Also, a row displacement is provided, which ensures the rigidity of the walls.
6. Connect blocks vertically with grooves on the surface of the molds. Easy enough pressure to close.
7. Perform the laying of the third layer of non-removable formwork. Align the vertical seams.
8. Begin pouring concrete. Carefully fill the voids and compact the solution. For sealing use a deep vibrator or manually push and press the solution, driving the air cavities with a piece of reinforcement, like a bayonet.

For the construction of strong walls, fill the top layer of blocks by half, then the seam in monolithic concrete will be inside the styrofoam.

The bearing characteristic of a wall depends on the concrete grade and the class of reinforcement.

When building a monolithic wall, immediately mark the way of laying communal pipes and electric cables. Do not forget about ventilation, make holes in blocks in advance and conduct communications and wires before pouring.

The finished construction with a non-removable formwork looks like a sandwich: between the polystyrene there is a concrete monolith. The poured walls have an initially high thermal conductivity and do not need additional protection.

The foundation of fixed formwork. Video offers to familiarize with simple methods of erection:

Fixed formwork for slab foundation

The most reliable, but at the same time, expensive foundation is tiled. More often it's called floating. To produce it, a large consumption of high grade materials is required: concrete, reinforcement. It is poured out for a weakly bearing or hefty soil, in the event of the impossible arrangement of another base under the house. Thickness for a multi-storey building is maintained at least 250-280 mm. For a private two-story structure, a thickness of 200 to 210 mm is allowed. The density of foundation reinforcement is not allowed below 100 kg / cu. Under the foundation, sand and crushed stone cushions are laid each 100 mm-150 mm thick.

Increased requirements for the stability and reliability of the slab foundation impose certain requirements for the use of non-removable formwork. For a panel foundation professionals recommend using only fibrolite or cement-shaving blocks. They allow you to create complex shapes with curvilinear or bay window segments. Fibrolitic non-removable formwork for foundation. Price from 0.1 $ and up to 2 $ per square meter.m.

The technology of installing the foundation plate begins with digging the foundation pit and aligning its walls vertically. This is the main requirement, ensuring the proper subsequent construction of the walls. Fixed formwork is also installed in levels and geodetic devices in the vertical and horizontal planes. Laying is done in rows, simulating brickwork. Carefully align the joints vertically and lay the reinforcement in the grooves.

To install a non-removable formwork for a foundation plate yourself is a very complex process, requiring the owner to know the planning and construction knowledge.

Fixed formwork for foundation. Reviews of skilled professionals

The project of a house with a foundation of 11.6x11.6 m, with an average bearing wall. The height of the foundation is 1.8 m. The ground is 1.3 m and 0.5 m cap on the surface. The foundation is designed for freezing earth, with a heaving of soil from chernozem and loam. The method of erection of casting in the ground + a fixed formwork of penoplex.

Drawings for home construction user ordered in a private firm that offers services in the Internet space.

Construction was conducted in the area where absolutely all developers are pouring concrete into the ground and do not use formwork. It was decided to make in the ground a fixed formwork made of extruded polystyrene at a price of $ 0.1 per sq. M.m. Above the ground it was decided to perform a low formwork of planks for the plinth. For the land, there were two options for casting concrete. The first with a roofing felt was immediately rejected: it will not lie flat, it will not retain moisture. The second option is with foam plastic. The material benefits in durability, it has a service life of 15-18 years. This material is also rejected because of mice. They perfectly live in it, gnaw through the moves and make themselves warm mink. For rural areas, mice in housing are a disaster. As a result, attention was attracted to extruded polystyrene foam. Its advantages:

1. Durable.
2. Not fragile, it does not crumble.
3. Has high thermal conductivity properties.
4. Not suitable for housing small rodents.

The only drawback of the material:

1. The cost exceeds the price of polystyrene foam by 3 times.

Having analyzed the prices for EPS with the price for the manufacture of formwork in height of 1.9 m from a board with a thickness of 50 mm, it was obtained that the extrusion material is cheaper and at the same time saves money on insulating.

The second factor in favor of EPPP is that the foundation walls are poured out smoothly, which means they will not cling to it on the spring melt.

Result:

1. Have dug a trench manually. The walls were immediately given the maximum smoothness and vertical coincidence for the precise and correct installation of EPS blocks in the ground.
2. At the bottom of the trench, along the entire perimeter, a pillow of sand was poured( it is free in this area).The height of the pillow is 200 mm. The sand was previously wetted, and then stacked and tamped in the pit. The purpose of the bookmark is to level the bottom.
3. A 200-micron polyethylene film was placed on top of the sand cushion. The joint was glued together with scotch tape. The film was designed to preserve the cement milks and to give concrete additional strength.
4. Above put ruberoid. Lap at the joints. To facilitate the binding of the reinforcement and movement along the bottom of the trench.
5. Further, non-removable formwork units were installed according to the described methods.
6. Filled with a concrete mixture.
7. The upper wooden formwork for the socle was installed. The installation of EPS sheets was made inside the wooden upper formwork with the help of self-tapping screws.

The beginning of the pouring work was carried out on 15.06, the completion of works 23. 08.

The difficulties faced by the developer:

1. Digging a trench is necessary as soon as possible, namely, as soon as the local land allows digging. In the summer because of showers, work is not only suspended, but also spoiled. The bottom of the trench is rubbish, the walls are washed with water. Hiring out ancillary workers in winter. In the season, this costs a lot more times, at best. At worst, you will simply be left without workers.

Fixed formwork for the foundation photo taken for the project under consideration: