An important role in the process of erecting the foundation of the building is its waterproofing. It is on the quality of waterproofing works that the service life of the foundation depends, its durability and strength.
Contents
- Types of waterproofing
Waterproofing types
- Waterproofing types
- Waterproofing roofing material
- Plastered waterproofing
- Waterproofing with liquid rubber
- Penetrating waterproofing
- Screen waterproofing
- Clay lock
High-quality waterproofing of the foundation is the guarantee of durability of the house, no mold and fungus on its walls, warm and dry indoor microclimate. Work on waterproofing the foundation is a complex, lengthy and time-consuming process. But this does not mean that it can be performed only by professional builders. With the proper level of desire and patience it is quite possible to cope with the waterproofing of the ribbon foundation with your own hands.
Types of waterproofing
There are only two types of waterproofing foundation:
1. Horizontal waterproofing. Produced in the process of erecting the foundation:
- fill the bottom of the foundation pit with clay. The height of the clay layer is 0.3 m.
Tip: A good result is the use of a "sand pillow" instead of clay. Very carefully tamp it.
2. Make a concrete screed over the entire surface of the clay. The height of the screed is about 8 cm.
3. Allow the concrete to freeze completely. It will take 10 days.
4. Treat the frozen screed with bitumen or special mastic.
5. Lay ruberoid on the screed.
6. Treat the first layer with mastic.
7. Lay another layer of roofing material on top.
8. Make a concrete screed similar to the previous one.
9. Wait for the concrete to harden.
10. Begin the erection of the foundation.
11. Do not forget to waterproof the top surface of the foundation.
12. If there is a high level of groundwater, a drainage system can not be dispensed with. This process is one of the components of the horizontal waterproofing:
- dig a trench along the entire perimeter of the structure. The distance from the foundation to the trench is 1 m. The depth of the trench is 0.25 m deeper than the lower level of the basement, its width is 0.25 m. Try to give the trench a small slope so that the water from it merges into the collecting well;
- cover the bottom of the trench with geotextile, while taking the side walls to a height of 0.7 m;
- fill the bottom of the trench with gravel. The thickness of the layer is 5 cm;
- lay on the gravel drainage pipe. It is necessary to achieve a slope of the pipe in the direction of the collecting well. The slope angle is 5 mm per 1 m. Slope adjustment is achieved by changing the thickness of the gravel layer;
- on the laid pipe, pour in the gravel. The thickness of the layer is about 0.25 m;
- cover the gravel with the protruding edges of the geotextile buried in it. Try to wrap the geotextile as tightly and tightly as possible;
- fill the trench with earth;
- vertical waterproofing. It is a treatment of the foundation walls.
13. The vertical waterproofing of the foundation is recommended not only in the construction process, but also later, when the building is constructed and operated. There are many methods of vertical waterproofing the foundation. Let us consider them in more detail.
Bituminous waterproofing
This is the most common method of vertical waterproofing. Excellent for waterproofing the tape monolithic foundation. The essence of the method is the treatment of the walls of the basement with bitumen. Bitumen during processing fills all the cracks and gaps. Due to this, the building does not get moisture. Apply bitumen on a flat and dry surface. The algorithm for performing the work is as follows:
- Buy a piece of bitumen.
- Put the bitumen in a metal container. It could be an old barrel or a bucket.
- Melt the bitumen to a liquid state. For this, a barrel with bitumen should be placed over a burning fire.
- Apply melted bitumen to the foundation walls. Try not to miss any slots.
- Repeat the above procedure 3 more times.
Advice: bitumen must be constantly in a liquid state. Allow the rest of the bitumen to cool down only after finishing the work. The fact is that re-melted bitumen loses most of its useful properties. Achieving the melted state of bitumen is easy - do not forget to periodically throw wood into the fire.
Tip: adding a small amount of oil to the melted bitumen significantly improves the waterproofing properties of this material.
The industry offers the consumer a wide range of special mastics for waterproofing that perfectly replace bitumen. They do not need to be heated. And the number of layers of processing is reduced to two.
Among the advantages of the bitumen method of waterproofing I want to highlight:
- Simplicity. Work does not require special skills, everyone will cope with it.
- Availability of materials. Buy bitumen or special mastic will not be difficult.
- Low cost of materials.
However, there are a number of shortcomings:
- Great time. After all, you need to treat the surface of the foundation several times.
- The fragility of this method of waterproofing. To achieve a stable waterproofing effect, it is necessary to repeat the treatment every 5-7 years.
- Average level of water resistance of the foundation, treated exclusively bituminous. Usually, to improve the quality of the final result, a combination of several methods of waterproofing is used.
Waterproofing with ruberoid
A good result is the waterproofing of the tape foundation with a ruberoid. The algorithm is as follows:
- Cover the entire surface of the foundation with bitumen or mastic. One layer is enough. Bitumen in this case plays the role of an adhesive, rather than a waterproofing substance.
- Take a piece of roofing material. Heat it using a gasoline burner.
- Place a hot felt on the foundation wall.
- The next piece of heated roofing felt overlap with at least 0.1 m.
- Treat the joint between two adjacent pieces with a burner.
Advice: in the absence of a burner it is allowed to use special adhesive mastic on the joints. The reliability of waterproofing works is significantly reduced.
Advice: to improve waterproofing, not one but several layers of ruberoid are applied. Each layer must be smeared with bitumen.
Advantages of this method of waterproofing.
- Availability of materials. Ruberoid and bitumen are sold in any hardware store.
- Low cost of materials.
- Durability. Waterproofing ruberoid successfully protects the foundation from the negative effects of moisture for five decades.
The main drawback - the impossibility of doing the work yourself. You will need at least one assistant. This method is used alone or in combination with the bitumen method.
Plastered waterproofing
An excellent way of waterproofing a strip foundation. It is not only the protection of the foundation from moisture, but also its leveling. Work on applying plaster waterproofing is as follows:
- Take a putty mesh.
- Attach it to the walls of the basement with dowels.
- Prepare the solution. It includes a plaster mixture and waterproof components.
- Using a spatula, apply the mortar to the mesh-covered foundation wall.
- Advantages of plastering: low cost and availability of materials.
- Ease and speed of work.
The disadvantages are:
- The plaster is susceptible to cracks.
- The plaster has a fairly low level of hydrostability.
- Relative fragility. After 15 years, the work will have to be repeated.
Waterproofing with liquid rubber
The essence of the method is coating the foundation walls with liquid rubber:
1. Treat the surface of the foundation walls with a primer. The primer will not only strengthen the waterproofing, but also the adhesion of the foundation and rubber.
2. Take the container with liquid rubber. A perfect choice will be a one-component rubber:
- 'lustopaz. It is necessary to apply two layers. The time interval between depositions is 24 hours. Packaging - buckets of 18 liters. Advantages: low cost;the possibility of using rubber residues later. The bucket is hermetically sealed;
- 'flail. One layer is enough. It dries in 2 hours. Packaging - buckets of 10 liters. The cost is higher than that of elastopase. Rubber residues can not be stored. This is due to the addition of a special activator to the rubber before use.
3. Apply liquid rubber to the foundation walls. Use brush or roller to apply. It greatly facilitates the work and speeds up its use of a special atomizer.
Advantages of liquid rubber:
- High waterproofing properties.
- Durability.
- Easy to apply.
The main disadvantage is the high cost. Yes, and buy liquid rubber can not be in every store. Sometimes it requires additional protection from external influences. Stones and construction debris contained in the ground, can damage the rubber layer, violating the integrity of the waterproofing.
Penetrating waterproofing
Treatment of the foundation with special penetrating solutions is one of the best answers to the question: how to make waterproofing of the strip foundation. The mortar does not just cover the foundation walls, but penetrates deeper by at least 15 cm.
The work does not require special skills and boils down to the following:
- Get a special penetrating solution for waterproofing in the store.
- Clean the foundation walls from dirt.
- Wear protective clothing. The presence of gloves and a respirator is mandatory. Desirable - a cloak and hat.
- Use a spray gun to apply mortar to the foundation.
- Wait until the mortar dries.
- Repeat spraying procedure at least 4 times.
Advantages of this method of waterproofing:
- Very high waterproofing properties of the foundation, treated with a penetrating solution. Yes, it's not surprising. This is not an external protection. The properties of the material from which the foundation is made vary.
- Durability. Treated with penetrating solutions, the foundation will retain its waterproofing properties for decades.
- Easy to apply. No special skills are just cautious.
- Possibility of use not only from the outside, but also from the inside. Treat the basement with a penetrating solution and forget about the dampness.
Not without its drawbacks:
- High cost of penetrating mixtures.
- Penetrating mixtures are not sold in every hardware store.
Screen waterproofing
Relatively new way of waterproofing the foundation. It consists in the following: special mats filled with clay are fixed to the walls of the basement. Fastening of mats to the foundation is carried out with the help of dowels. Mats must be fastened with an overlap of at least 10 cm. Not the most convenient and not the most common way of waterproofing. For tape foundations is rarely used.
Clay lock
Very simple and yet quite reliable way to retain moisture:
- Dig a trench along the perimeter of the building. The depth of the trench is about 0.5 m.
- Pour gravel or crushed stone on the bottom of the trench. The height of the layer is about 5 cm.
- Place in a trench and carefully tamp the clay. Lay the clay gradually, in several layers.
The advantages of this method are cheapness and simplicity.
It is used for waterproofing of small buildings: garages, outbuildings. For residential buildings, if applicable, then only as an additional method of waterproofing.
Finally a few tips
- Do not stop on one method of vertical waterproofing. A great result is their combination. For example, bitumen insulation and waterproofing ruberoid.
- Do not try to save on the material for waterproofing. Only the use of high-quality material will achieve an excellent result for a long time.
