Technology of tape monolithic foundation

Tape monolithic foundation is the construction of the base of the building, which makes it possible to equip the basement and is suitable for most types of soils. Tape foundation is designed so that all its lines coincide with the lines of future walls. The erection of such a structure is one of the simplest ways to build a private house.

Varieties of band foundations

Conditionallyall the grounds of the tape type are divided into two groups, which are characterized by some

1. Fine-grained structures penetrate the soil to a depth of no more than 70 cm, because they are considered to be the most economical in terms of time and building material. But this design is not applicable to all types of buildings and soils. Reliably and firmly it will hold only a light structure of wood or foam concrete, not more than 2 storeys high, standing on stable soil with a high density.
2. Recessed design - the optimum level of penetration into the soil exceeds the freezing level of the soil by 30 cm. Suitable for any soil and buildings.

Specialists recommend that when constructing a structure, it should be deepened into the soil by 2-2.2 m, as this will make it possible to equip a basement with wide functionality. But the cost of the foundation of a tape monolithic with such a depth of penetration into the soil is much higher than the less buried structural solutions.

Advantages and disadvantages of the construction of the

ribbon foundation. The strip monolithic reinforced concrete foundation has many advantages over other types of structures. The structures of this type have high strength, since this index depends only on the depth of penetration. Thanks to this same factor, such a foundation is built on all types of soils. If the substrate is not stable and has a low density, then this factor is taken into account in the calculations and the depth of the foundation is made a bit larger.

Belt foundations serve for many years and are suitable even for the most complex architectures of buildings. In this case, not only the function of the foundation for the structure is carried out, but an additional basement is created, which is equiped with a garage, boiler room, pumping station, storage room or cellar for storing products.

But there are drawbacks to this type of structure. First of all, it should be noted that the buried structure will require a lot of time and materials. When equipping the foundation, it is necessary to dig trenches, as a result of which a large amount of soil is formed, from which it is necessary to dispose of. The erection of a monolithic reinforced concrete foundation will last for several days and even weeks, since it is not possible to accelerate this process by technology. With all its drawbacks, the belt structure is so convenient and durable that the builders everywhere apply it when erecting residential buildings. The technology of the tape monolithic foundation is thoroughly considered and described in the following sections.

Layout of the foundation installation points

All construction works begin with the marking of the territory. In this action, accuracy is important not less than in all others, because they use the house plan for marking out the necessary points for a monolithic strip foundation. The house drawing at a stage of erection of the base is already in the hands of people performing construction.

Marking is carried out by pegs that are jammed into the soil, or cuttings of reinforcement with a diameter of 8-10 m. The material is clogged to the ground to a depth of 0.15 m, each peg is connected by a string to the hose. When all the marking elements are in place, the length of each side and each diagonal is measured with a long tape measure. These measurements should show the same indicators for each side. If in some places the indicators do not match, then not all angles in the markup are straight. It is necessary to find and eliminate the inaccuracy.

If all the indicators coincide, then the angles of the future structure have the required degree to be considered straight. In this case, proceed to the equipment of the ditch for the foundation of the house. For convenience, pegging is added, which determine the depth of the ditch.

Trenching equipment for foundation

The technique described here for erecting a foundation for a house does not provide a basement equipment, so the solution will be filled without formwork. This method of construction allows you to significantly reduce costs for it. For the foundation, you need to dig a ditch 50 cm wide and 110 deep. The digging method is chosen at your discretion. Equipment trenches with special equipment is the fastest option, but more costly. In addition, when manually equipping a ditch, the amount of land extracted from it decreases, and, consequently, the cost of exporting it decreases. The walls of the trenches excavated manually have a more even surface, while the concrete solution is economically consumed when pouring.

When trenching the cone is made, the height of its beginning is about 30 cm from the floor of the ditch. The expansion forms the so-called "heel", which, when filled with mortar, will increase the footprint of the base, thereby increasing the reliability of the entire structure. Fill the bottom of the finished trench with 10 cm of sand and rammer it. For a better laying of the pillow, sand is poured with water, in which case a natural shrinkage occurs.

Manufacturing of a reinforcing framework for the foundation

After the trench equipment, the next, no less important stage, reinforcement of the foundation, begins. The device of the tape monolithic foundation, as well as other technologies for erecting the foundation, provide for reinforcement as an obligatory stage, without which the construction will not be sufficiently reliable and durable. In this case, it is optimal to use reinforcement with a diameter of 12 and 8 mm for reinforcement. The first step of the armature is knitting the rings, for this:

1. The channel is permanently fixed.
2. On two of its edges grooves are cut with the help of a Bulgarian.
3. The reinforcement is inserted into the prepared grooves.
4. Put a slightly larger pipe on the fitting.

The result is a design that bends metal on the principle of a lever and greatly facilitates all work. With this trick, the armature is bent into rectangular rings of the same size. The size of each ring is calculated based on the dimensions of the ditch, that is, the foundation of the foundation. In this case, a ditch of 1.1 m was dug, into which sand was poured with a layer of 10 cm, that is, the dimensions of the ditch were reduced to 50 cm in width and 1 m in depth. The optimum size of the reinforcing rings for it is 70 cm in height and 30 cm in width.

To optimize the process of making rings, use reinforcing bars, their thickness is 8 mm, and length is 2.3 m. Mark the rods, the first mark from the beginning of the rod is placed at a distance 0, 3 m, the second at a distance of 0.7 m. From the second mark retreat another 30 cm and put the third mark, another 70 cm from her fourth. Thus, to the end of the rod should remain a distance of 30 cm. In the previously prepared on the channel marks insert the reinforcement and bend it along the placed marks.

When all the rings are ready, the process of their tying begins. To do this, use a binding wire, which is bent by ticks or a special hook. Such a tool is sold in building shops or is made by yourself from an unnecessary trowel, the end of which is bent and sharpened, or from a worn out electrode. Wire for rods 10-14 mm in size is taken in the thickness of 1.2-1.4 cm. If there is a wire of smaller size, then it is bent several times. The material for bending should be compliant, such qualities are annealed low-carbon steel. If the wire bends badly, then it is held for about 30 minutes in a fire, and then allowed to cool. Such a measure will make the material more elastic. The rings are connected with each other and begin to produce a reinforcing frame.

For the frame take material with a diameter of 12 mm, the size of the frame is calculated, based on the size of future walls. That is, the length of the rods should be equal to the length of one side of the structure. Extra pieces are cut to fit the size of the rods under the required. Short rods are tied to the desired length with a knitting wire. In this case, the lap of one rod to the other is made at least 1 m, so that the structure is sufficiently reliable. Making the frame looks like this:

1. In the previously prepared rings pass the bars along the length.
2. With the help of a knitting wire fasten rods with rings.
3. The finished frame is 4 rods, which are located on 4 opposite sides of the ring. Another rod is located at the highest point of the ring. An additional rod is passed inside the frame or simply fastened from above.
4. The first ring is attached at a distance of 1 m from the beginning of the rod, all subsequent mounts are every 90 cm.

The result is 4 frames, two of which are the length of the house and two in width. For foundations that are not rectangular, 1 frame is correspondingly tied for each external side of the structure. Finished skeletons are laid in a ditch and tied together. For fixing, corners are used that are made in this way:

1. A piece of 2 m is cut from a 12 mm reinforcement.
2. Each piece is bent at right angles with equal sides. That is, each side of the angle is equal to 1 m. It is convenient for this to use the lever system, which was described above for the process of making rings.
3. Corners are applied to the outer corners of adjacent frames and fastened with wire. This procedure is carried out at the top and bottom.

Installation of a ready-made reinforcing frame to the basement of the

foundation. At this stage the frame is already installed in the ditches in its permanent place, however, the tape monolithic foundation is made by own hands according to some rules that must be observed. These rules also apply to laying the reinforcing foundation in a ditch.

• Under the frame lay a stone foundation so that it does not lie directly on the pillow. The height of the gap should be at least 10 cm. As a lifting material, use any stone fragments of a suitable size.

• The surface of the frame must be checked by the building level. If in some places there is an error in this indicator, the evenness of the entire foundation is violated after its filling with a solution.
• Reinforcing skeleton is attached to the side walls of the trench. This is necessary so that when pouring the solution, it does not change its position in space. Curved reinforcing frame will reduce the quality of the finished base for the house. For fixing use pegs, which are horizontally driven into the walls of the ditch and tied to the fittings. It is enough to fill the anchorage every 2 meters along the entire length of the ditch.
• The fully installed reinforcing skeleton has such measurements: the distance to the bottom of the ditch is 10 cm, to the upper point of the ditch - 20 cm, to the walls of the ditch - 10 cm.

The size of the skeleton, the thickness of the rods for it, the depth of the bookmark and other parameters depend on that, for the building of what size is assembled a monolithic strip foundation or reinforced concrete structure. The above calculations are correct for a small building with a single floor.

Pouring concrete into the foundation

Before starting the filling of the mortar, care should be taken to ensure that there are holes for all necessary communications. To do this, check with the house plan and in the required places lay pipes or any other suitable in shape and diameter items. After filling the solution, holes for pipe laying will remain in these places. The second method involves punching holes for pipes already in the finished foundation. But with the use of this method on a monolithic tape foundation, the price will be much higher. Since punching holes in the frozen solution is long, expensive and not very safe in terms of the strength of the structure.

Before you prepare or order a solution, calculate the required amount. It is calculated according to the simplest formula, which helps to calculate the volume - the index of the depth, length and width of the ditch under the fill is multiplied among themselves. The resulting figure is the value of the required quantity of solution in cubic meters.

When laying concrete in several stages, the following is done:

1. The place of the junction of the old and the new layers of the mortar is cut off from each other. For this, planks or formwork are placed on the filled concrete layer.
2. When pouring the next layer, the formwork is removed and the seam is damped with plenty of water. This is necessary to remove the cement film and better grasp different layers.
3. It is important to make a seam between layers only vertically, horizontal joints should not be in the foundation pouring of the tape monolithic. The video below will clearly demonstrate the whole process.