Interior doors how to choose

It does not matter, is running whether the construction and finishing of a new residential private house, or the capital remode nt sq. artists is being started - the question of the right choice and installation of interior doors will surely arise with all severity. It is completely pointless to invest a considerable amount of in interior design, if its appearance, the door "breaks" designed by the designer.

Exit - to bring these details of the interior in full compliance with the conceived style of interior decoration of premises. You can, of course, try to restore the old ones, put them in order and try to give them the required appearance, but this task is not at all simple, but sometimes simply impossible. Therefore, , often resort to their full replacement, the benefit of the choice of such products - is simply huge. So, interior doors how to choose the right way, how not to get confused in the variety of models, without acquiring a clear marriage, but without overpaying for completely unnecessary qualities?

We begin to understand according to row, because criteria like selection - a lot.

Door dimensions

First of all, you need to determine the necessary sizess doors. It is clear that this parameter will be directly tied to the existing door openings of .

In accordance with GOSTs, in force until the recent past, a standard of door height of 2000 mm was accepted in the domestic m m .In principle, most of the doors currently in production fully comply with this standard.

In the West, these values ​​were and remain somewhat different - 2100 mm. When drafting houses today, architects using the European software often set the height exactly as it is accepted there. Therefore, this parameter requires mandatory verification.

( In European standards, you can often find not a millimeter, but a modular calculus, for example, the height of the M 21. It's okay - one "module" - is 100 mm, and it will not be difficult to translate it).

So, the table shows the standard dimensions of interior doors with considering the dimensions of the door leaf itself and openings required for its installation .

Standard door leaf size	Suitable door opening size
in width	in height	in width	in height
550	2000	from 630 to 650	2060 ÷ 2090
600	from 680 to 700
700	from 780 to 800
800	from 880 to 900
900	from 980 to1000
1200( two leaflets: 600 + 600)	from 1280 to 1300
1400( two leaflets: 600 + 800)	from 1480 to 1500
1500( two leaves: 600 + 900)	from 1580 to 1600

If the dimensions of the door openings advise these values, it can be considered a great success - the purchase of a standard door alwaysand is much cheaper than making its on request. Door opening , of course, you can try to adjust to a standardized size, but this is not always possible.

If you look at the diagram, you see three different width options. Two of them relate exclusively to the door design: the "clean passage"( - door door leaf) and the door ( together with the box).And that the door easily rose in the wall , its width should be 10 ÷ 15 mm more from each side( the same applies to the height dimensions).

But here it is appropriate to make a very important observation. A common mistake many inexperienced owners of apartments or houses - the wrong carrying measurements. The trouble is that the buildings of the old buildings by no means always differ in the regularity of the geometric shapes, and their elements - with the veracity of the both vertically and horizontally. Therefore, wall openings for and can not take rectangular forms, and when trying to install a high-quality door unit in them, this results in failure.

Measurements should be done in several places - along the edges and at the center of the of the opening, in order to compare these figures. But even this still is not the most important thing. In order for the door to work well, it must be strictly oriented horizontally and vertically in all planes. This means that the measurements should also be performed by the not just the between the opposite points of the opening, but only along vertical and horizontal lines, beaten off with a level and a plumb line. Quite an common picture, when the actual dimensions of the of the opening, where you can install the door, are significantly less apparent at first glance.

Which output? Or extend the wall to give its sides a vertical layout, or to order a door block of a slightly smaller size.

To finish the topic with linear dimensions of interior doors, it is worth mentioning the still one important point. If the opening of the in the wall exceeds 1000 mm, and the door is planned for the swinging of the type, then the will have to be from the ready-made ones or to order a double-leaf model. It is not possible to use sashes with a web width of more than 900 mm, as this is a huge load on the door frame, hinges, and the door will very soon start to sag, it will not close normally and .

If you look at the table already mentioned, then shows that there are several standard types of double doors, with symmetrical or asymmetrical leaflets. Very often one of the doors is kept closed for the most part of the time, and it opens only as needed( moving of dimensional goods, moving furniture and , , )

Video: correct measurements and installation of

door doors

Nextthe parameter of interior doors choice is their basic design. All their variety can be divided into three main groups:

- swinging doors - the doors move along the circle of the circle around the axis( loops);

- sliding doors - the flap moves parallel to the wall along the guides;

- Folding Doors - Door the canvas folds, freeing the passage.

Swing doors

This is perhaps the most common type of door - it. Perhaps, due to certain conservatism, apply even where it would be much more convenient to use other schemes. Principle p n growth - the web is suspended in the door frame by hinged, by means of movable hinges, which become the axis of rotation of the door.

For simplicity of construction, comparative ease of and for the technology of their installation, good characteristics in terms of sealing the closed opening , heat and noise insulation, such doors have one significant drawback -they always require the certain free space for the opening of the opening cloth. In close conditions, for example, in narrow corridors, this can cause a lot of inconvenience.

In itself, swing doors are also divided into several types:

• Conventional, with canvas or two canvases , opening only one way. This is the "classic" type of door that meets the ubiquitous .Depending on the direction of opening, these doors differ on the right and left - this should be taken into account when choosing them and when buying the necessary fittings.

It's easy to imagine: if the door is opened forward , from the person to the right side, then it will be right. Accordingly - on the contrary. Usually on packages or even on the fittings themselves, it is indicated for which door they are intended( "P" and "L", or "R" and "L" ).

• Pendulum or swinging. The hinges of such doors allow you to open doors in any direction - on yourself or from yourself. In most cases, the leaflets are equipped with special mechanisms( open or concealed door closers), which ensure the self-closing of the doors to their original position.

Such doors in the conditions of apartments or private houses in are not very often seen - they are not very convenient in that they do not provide with reliable seals in the closed state, that is, they will not become a good protectionfrom drafts, smells, noise. Their usual sphere of application is public institutions, shops, railway stations, and most people they know about the metro stations. Nevertheless, , lovers of these doors are still - they are sometimes ordered for interiors made in loft styles or high-tech.

• « Stables» doors. As the name suggests, such doors were previously used in the animal paddocks .

Their characteristic structure - the door leaf is divided into two independent halves, each of which has its own hinges and a system of locks. Looks like these doors are quite " vintage ", but a similar design - is not only a tribute to fashion, but can have a purely practical application. For example, you can limit the exit of their room to a young child when the hostess does any housework, but at the same time leave the opportunity for full visual and verbal contact with the baby. Another example is ventilating the premises without fear that the domestic dog will begin unwanted "travel" to places where it should not be allowed.

Sliding doors

They are often more called "door-coupe" in direct analogy with the design of doors in railway cars. The cloth either moves along the wall along the guides, or even completely disappears in the wall structure( in , the false wall ).

wall. Of course, the door leaf hiding completely in the wall looks very aesthetically pleasing, but the installation of such a door can not always be possible - usually still requires at the stage of general construction or finishing works. They are often installed on external guides, which can be located only on the top, only from below or in both places at the same time.

The doors hanging on the upper rails look very cool, they move easily, but because the bottom of the is not fixed , it can swing a little in drafts. Doors with only lower guides in operation are worse - they are very dependent on the cleanliness of the rails on which the rollers move. Optimal choice - doors with double-sided guiding - and the load is evenly distributed, and the fabric is stable.

Detailed doors require a very special fittings, from the guide rollers, rails, stops and to the system of specific locks and latches .The self-installation of such structures is quite complicated, and not everyone can use - to entrust this operation to specialists.

Such doors can also be one - and with two-field , with the doors opening towards the to each other - the friend.

The main advantage of this scheme is a significant space saving, which is especially important in close rooms. Very often, sliding doors are installed in bathrooms and toilets that open into a narrow corridor.

The disadvantage is the vulnerability of the mechanism from getting dirt and foreign objects, as well as not such as swinging, tight fitting of the canvas to the door jamb.

Folding doors

This is the original design of the , allowing, for example, to overlap the door openings of non-standard width. The door leaf is divided into several vertical fragments, which are pivotally fastened together. Each of them has upper and lower support rollers with bearings, providing light movement on the guide rails .

The number of sections can be different. Minimally the fold can be folded in half - like a book.

. In other cases, the width of such sections can be much smaller, of the order of 100 - 150 mm, and accordingly their total number increases. When the door is opened, these segments are assembled in a kind of accordion to the edge of the of the opening( in some cases - even hiding in the as a false wall ).

Such doors look very original and not bad save the useful space of the apartment. In addition, sometimes they allow the door door curvilinear configuration, for example, along the arc. But on this their positive properties, perhaps, end, and the shortcomings - much more. The main of them - this is the extreme low "closing qualities", that is, a weak pressure of the canvas to the door jamb, not interfering with the free passage of odors, noises, drafts and , .And the second important disadvantage is the abundance of swivel joints and guide rollers making this design very vulnerable to mechanical breakdowns, jamming and so on. Probably, it makes sense to weigh carefully, whether for the sake of the original appearance it is worth paying a lot of money for such doors without special guarantees for their durability?

Video: types of interior doors

Interior door material

The next important selection criterion that directly reflects and on door performance, and of their cost is the fabrication material.

First of all, it should be noted that the door leaf itself can be solid - "deaf", paneled structure or have glass or other decorative inserts.

According to the material of the main, bearing part of the blade, the doors distinguish on wooden wooden ones made of MDF , mazonite - having a special honeycomb structure, plastic, aluminum and even completely glass.

• About wooden doors, in principle, everything is clear - this is the most high-quality and expensive product, for the production of which the uses either a solid array or re-glued , the so-called wood, layers of which are interleaved so that the fibers arelocated in different directions.

For wooden natural doors wood of valuable and durable breeds can be used - excellent results gives oak, beech, ash. But often in order to save , the owners of housing purchase products from the usual x x warp blanks, decorated with natural veneer under the "elite tree".Alas, such canvases, although they are favorable from the ecological point of view, are not strong - they are easily scratched, quickly age, and can deform from insufficiency or excess moisture.

• Interior doors from MDF are an excellent alternative to high-grade wood for valuable, and there is little in the than the inferior in quality.

. One of the main advantages of this material is that it can be easily processed, drilled, milled, it can be given very complex geometric and relief shapes that remain unchanged for a very long time. It is this quality of the material that predetermines the truly huge assortment of nt pr for the designs and reliefs to be added to the buyers.

Doors from MDF can be trimmed with natural veneer and will become virtually indistinguishable from real wooden ones.

• The most inexpensive, attractive enough exterior - mazonite doors( the name is connected with the name of the Canadian company - the pioneer in the field of similar developments).

The main feature of such paintings is a hollow honeycomb structure. The outer surface is formed by a thin MDF or a fiberboard. Rigidity of the door gives the an external frame - usually from a pine array. The whole cavity of the door is filled with a cardboard honeycomb accordion, or it has bridges of thin pine bars. In some varieties, honeycomb partitions are used from Fiberboard .The reinforced part is made only in the places where the hinges and the frame of the lock are fastened. In principle, the special rigidity of the is not needed, since the door itself weighs very little.

Such doors attract low price, environmental friendliness, lightness, great variety of finishes, practically not inferior to doors from MDF .But here with soundproofing qualities everything is much worse here. And still one minus - these doors require a very careful attitude, as they are easy to damage. If suddenly in the heart, in a fit of irritation to move its foot - almost guaranteed to be a surface break.

• Plastic doors are, more often than not, the confreres of PVC windows. They are made of the same polymer, completely harmless, harmless to humans, strong and not afraid of humidity and temperature changes.

Such doors are distinguished by an acceptable price, high performance. Very often, such cloths are used to make "accordions" or sliding structures, since they are very well held and not subject to deformation.

Using modern finishing films allow to decorate such plastic doors "under the tree" with .The only thing that probably makes these products not so popular in residential construction, shifting their use more towards public buildings or offices is some kind of present prejudice against plastic, although quality PVC is not any worse than MDF orFiberboard.

• Metal, and if is more precise - aluminum interior doors. The material is anodized polished aluminum profiles, which for the account of the of its complex configuration perfectly hold the given shape of the door structure and well withstand the strain load.

Aluminum is sometimes painted, but more often in interior design, its natural light matte metallic luster is used, so well suited to the style of high-tech or loft. Most often, such doors are found in office or public buildings, but there are fans of this interior and among the owners of apartments.

Rarely, when the aluminum doors are made completely "deaf" - they often have large enough glass bets.

• Glass doors. glass in general is very widely used in the manufacture of interior doors as inserts. However, one can also find models made entirely of glass. They look very original, and the number of supporters of such doors is constantly increasing.

It is clear that for this purpose is used not the usual silicate glass, but more is the perfect its kinds providing safety of operation.

- Kalenov glass, which has an increased impact resistance. It can be completely transparent, with embossed or relief or toned drawings. Even if such a glass is subjected to a critical load, it will break not into sharp fragments, but it will dissolve into small fragments of the practically correct faceted shape, unable to to cause deep cuts.

- Another type of glass that is used to make doors - mattlux .Such material combines two qualities - it is opaque, with some degree of haze, but it perfectly passes light that gives rooms a special visual spaciousness.

- Finally, a triplex - multi-layer design, in which the glass layers are intermixed with polymeric films. These are the highest indicators of the strength, and it is quite difficult to break such a structure, even if desired.

Glass doors are, of course, products for a big fan. They stand very much, but they differ in durability, ease of care for them, are not afraid of dampness and temperature changes. But for those people who like warm home comfort and privacy - such doors do not fit. They are, rather, for those who like constant communication and leads a very active lifestyle.

Exterior design of door leaves

In this issue, various options are also possible, from inexpensive to elite.

• Quality wood of valuable species does not need additional decoration.

. Its beautiful textured pattern can be simply covered with a persistent clear varnish. Sometimes, for greater contrast of the pattern, the tree is impregnated with special compounds( stains), and must be treated with antiseptic solutions to prevent rotting, the appearance of fungus or of insects nests.

• Well-structured wood can also be painted with special compounds - it thus gives the necessary toning, but the characteristic texture pattern is not hidden, but only is accented by .
• The following method of exterior finishing of doors and boxes - veneer .

- Natural veneer from valuable wood can be used as a material - a thin slice, up to 1 mm thick, and which retains a textured wood pattern. Such a thin coating is applied to the wooden MDF or DV P surface using hot pressing technology using a special carpentry glue and the door becomes almost indistinguishable from the natural one.

Disadvantages - a fairly high price of similar models. In addition, natural veneer does not have any plasticity, and does not have on on doors with complex

surface. - technology "Fine-line" recently came into use. This coating is obtained from deciduous fast-growing tree species, it is much cheaper than quality veneer, although in appearance it is close enough to it - it is possible to imitate almost any type of wood. It is often more called "reconstructed veneer."

Despite the fact that the material seems to be natural, the nevertheless , it's still an "ersatz" that does not have durability, resistance, in particular, to ultraviolet radiation. Such a coating, even under a layer of varnish, grows old enough quickly and loses its fresh appearance.

• MDF , mazonite , wooden( made from inexpensive x x warp rocks), plastic and even aluminum doors is often exposed to lamination. This process means the application on the entire surface of a rugged film layer, transparent or with a pattern, performing both decorative and purely protective functions.

As a laminate we use paper-based coatings , whether bo bo more advanced , which is called double-faced laminate or still - artificial veneer.

- Thickness of laminate coating on paper basis is rare when exceeds 200 microns. This kind of surface treatment is inexpensive, has good heat resistance, and externally perfectly passes and color, and texture of natural material - wood or even mineral, stone structure. However, such a coating, as a rule, is short-lived, quickly abrasive even with not very pronounced abrasive load. So very often there will be a need to update the surface of the door.

- More modern, wear-resistant, UV-resistant, hygienic in terms of ease of care, is the coating of their laminate .It has a polymer base, and its thickness reaches from 0.4 to 0.8 mm.

Door leaves covered with such a laminate are less susceptible to cracking, scratching, they do not have surface chips in case of accentuated accidents. They retain their original appearance much longer. The only disadvantage of this coating is that it is much more expensive than conventional paper-based lamination, but believe - it's worth it.

More some tips for choosing interior doors

With still , besides what has already been said, the necessarily should be taken into account when choosing interior doors?

• First of all, any door is not just a door leaf. Almost always they are realized by kits, which include a box, trim for both sides and . if necessary, the so-called "dodges" .

docks. Probably, it's worth returning to the subject of sizes for which was not specified yet one indicator - the thickness of the wall .For the door to fit neatly into it, use the L - shaped trim that is easily mounted with the box without the use of any additional fastening parts. However, if the wall at the installation site is excessively thick, then the width of the trim can not be enough for the .Means, the seller in shop should help to pick up to the buyer an additional insert - a selection of the appropriate width and ideally approaching on external decoration.

• There is a "golden rule": the door leaf and the box must be made of the same type !
• If repair is planned large-scale, in the whole apartment, then before order doors it is necessary to decide which budget is allocated for them. The fact is that if there is a desire to achieve harmony in the overall style of interior design, then you will have to buy several sets at once. Agree that obviously heterogeneous doors will look in a small apartment simply ridiculous. But to acquire the same certain time can be problematic.- it is better to carry out such a purchase once.
• The choice of doors can not be approached as to the purchase of furniture. With the defined external similarity of these interior items, the door is loaded tens, if not hundreds of times more intense than the cabinets. No matter how important the appearance, the main emphasis is still on the quality of assembly and strength characteristics.
• In the salon you always need to go with a tape measure so that you can independently check the dimensions and geometric correctness of the box and door leaf. Be sure to make measurements on the diagonal - the difference should not exceed 1 mm. If it is larger, then the purchase of a rhinestone is worth noting - the door or box is uneven, skewed, and means was made by some handicraftsmen of low qualification.
• The reliability of the and the quality of the fastening of glass inserts are compulsory - they should not rattling, vibrate, otherwise they will not last long. It is worth to clarify the vendors and technical documentation, which specifically glass is installed on the canvas, which seals are used. The best reviews deserve quality Belgian and Italian glass.
• You must literally "feel" all the seams on the joints of the details of the canvas or box - they must be smooth, beautiful, stable, without any signs of discrepancy.
• Usually, the door will be offered the appropriate fittings in the form of locks and handles. If there is such an opportunity, then it is not necessary to take responsibility for self-infringement - this can be done by qualified interior masters.

And still one. Interior doors do not belong to those groups of goods, which require mandatory certification of conformity and quality. Therefore, you can rely on the honesty of the store's employees, ng pr of door manufacturers, your own life experience, attentiveness and common sense. Nevertheless, , ask about the documentary quality confirmation does not prevent - and many manufacturers and some salons that are really thoroughly approaching their own prestige, completely voluntarily go to certain costs, conducting a comprehensive certification of their products and accompanying the doorssolid guarantee.

Video: tips experts - how to choose the interior doors