Stucco ceiling by own hands

Repair of any room, whether it is residential or office, starts from the ceiling. Regardless of what kind of decoration is provided for in the design project: whitewashing, painting or pasting with decorative panels, the surface to be treated must be prepared according to all the rules.

How to level the flow?

Comparing different methods of leveling the ceiling, withExplains, what is the fundamental difference between plaster and putty? Both these and other options for eliminating nervousness relate to a "wet" method, which is based on the use of various building mixtures and formulations. To "dry" the leveling of the ceiling by plasterboard sheets is considered, but resort to such a cardinal solution of the problem in the most extreme case.

Surface filling is performed as a finishing finish before painting or wallpapering. The material layer can not exceed 3-4 mm. The peculiarity of this coating is that its application is permissible on practically equal surfaces with insignificant defects, imperceptible cracks and small irregularities, since the finely dispersed putty mixture is not able to tighten and hide more significant problems.

Tie plaster is made on surfaces with differences in elevation up to 45-50 mm. Due to the large-dispersed particles, the mixture easily cope with deep cracks and seams between the slabs and ceilings. However, if the differences are greater than 5 cm, plaster mixtures are not recommended - too thick a layer of material is not only aesthetically unattractive, but also dangerous in view of the likelihood of cracking and flaking of the plaster from the ceiling, which can be a potential health hazard and result in injuries. In such situations, the optimal solution is to install frame ceiling structures using plasterboard slabs or stretch ceilings made from modern materials.

Pros and cons of plastering

When choosing this or that method of finishing, you should take into account all the advantages and disadvantages of the material.

Plaster advantages stand in the following aspects:

• is a completely safe and environmentally friendly material, providing a durable and long-term coating;
• works done independently will be the least costly than installing a suspended or stretched ceiling;
• "naturalness" of the material makes it possible to use it for finishing the habitation of people suffering from respiratory diseases and various kinds of allergies;
• surface treatment with plaster will slightly reduce the height of the room.
  

  Mixture plaster

Disadvantages of plaster mixtures are as follows:

• there is a limit on the maximum thickness of the plaster layer - experts do not recommend exceeding the threshold of 5 cm - for large differences, it is not advisable to equalize with this material and is characterized by a high consumption of the mixture;
• if you can not do the work yourself, the services of professionals will cost a considerable amount, plus consider the cost of the material itself;
• leveling of the ceiling with stucco mixes requires certain skills in working with materials and tools, and the process itself can take a very long time, since the main task is to make the surface smooth and smooth.

Tools and materials

For the plastering of the ceiling on its own, the following materials will be required:

• square containers of large capacity( 15 to 19 liters).It is recommended to choose a container with high beads to prevent spraying with stirring and straight walls for a better mixture on the tool;
• metal and rubber spatulas of different sizes. For convenience of work it is necessary to give preference to the tool with the rubberized handles;
• building trowel;
• rule;
• paint brush;
• roller and cuvette for priming;
• building level;
• sandpaper of various granularity to eliminate defects in the coating at the initial stage of processing and final grinding, the holder;
• drill with appropriate nozzle or construction mixer;
• serpent;
• stable stepladder;
• personal protective equipment( rubber seals, plastic mask and respirator).
  

  Tool, fixtures, tools for plastering work

Step 1. Surface preparation

The preparatory stage is of great importance even in the case of a new structure. Ideally, the ceiling should be cleaned to a concrete slab.

Traces of mold, fungus and rust stains should be removed with a wet sponge, after which the area of ​​the ceiling should be washed with special compounds. Old and peeling layer of plaster and other building materials must be removed.

Even if the coating looks durable and has no noticeable signs of wear, experts recommend removing it. First, sooner or later, cracks can form on the ceiling, and secondly, this layering will steal extra centimeters of space.

The most suitable tool for carrying out work is a narrow spatula. If the layer of finishing materials is removed with difficulty, you can try to "tap" the area being treated with a rubber mallet or use an electromechanical drill with a special brushhead. It is very important not to forget to protect eyes, head and respiratory tract from building dust.

It is useless to wash out various plaster solutions, since a thin, smooth and difficult to remove layer remains on the surface of the ceiling after this treatment, which will interfere with high-quality work due to low adhesion, which can cause delaminations and cracks in the applied plaster layer.

Cracks and ceilings are recommended. Released from the layers of the old coating, the surface should be worked with coarse-grained p80, to remove unevenness and remaining pieces of plaster. In addition, sandpaper is the best way to prepare the ceiling for priming.

Step 2. Priming

When choosing a primer, preference should be given to solutions for smooth surfaces. They contain in their composition small granules, after drying, forming on the surface "roughness", which promotes the best adhesion of the plaster layer to the primed concrete slab, and the antiseptic substances that make up the solution prevent the development of extraneous microflora.

The primer layer before the subsequent stages should be thoroughly dried, on average this takes at least 12 hours.

Step 3. Preparation of the plaster mixture

mortar The plaster mixes are available in two versions: ready and dry. There are no differences in consumer properties between them, but the price differs several times. Although it is not difficult to prepare the mixture yourself:

• , the amount of water recommended by the manufacturer is poured into the prepared container;
• gradually poured dry mixture;
• the mixer mixes the mortar to a homogeneous state and is left with the lid closed for 15-25 minutes, after which the mixers are re-mixed.

It is recommended to apply plaster with a plastic or rubber spatula, but it is more effective to perform leveling with a metal tool. Each layer of plaster dries for at least 16 hours in the absence of temperature jumps and drafts.

Step 4. Plastering the surface

Depending on the material of the ceiling and its curvature, there are several techniques for performing plastering work.

Relatively flat ceilings

The ceiling is plastered with two, rarely three layers of the mixture. In the presence of minimal surface defects, it is allowed to apply plaster to selected areas, with subsequent leveling of the material, but the masters are recommended to apply at least one whole layer to the entire surface. If the irregularities are numerous and the expected layer of plaster will exceed 10 mm, before starting work on the ceiling you need to fix the paint net - this will protect the coating from cracks and will give greater strength.

Ceilings with large unevennesses

If the surface swings are significant and are more than 2 cm, then alignment is best done with lighthouses. Their installation is a crucial and important stage.

The laser level is used for leveling and the "zero" mark is determined. For this purpose, the lowest angle of the ceiling is determined, and a corresponding mark is made on the wall.

Then the lowest point on the ceiling is calculated with the help of the paint cord, from where the installation of lighthouses on the ceiling begins.

Lighthouses are mounted parallel to each other on plaster casts with a distance between rows of 15-20 cm less than the width of the rule. A short rule is easier to work, and a long one guarantees a better result.

Once the beacons are installed, you can start plastering. The mixture is distributed between the beacons with a spatula, and its excess is removed by the rule. On each layer of plaster overlapping mesh overlap on the adjacent row of 10-12 cm is important not to go beyond the boundaries of lighthouses.

Wooden and steel ceilings

Before applying the plaster mixture, a metal mesh with dimensions of 100x100 mm is fastened to the ceiling, or two-layer shingles are packed so that the nail heads do not extend beyond the rails. This is done to avoid cracking and shedding of plaster, especially if the house has a residential attic or a second floor. The plaster is applied in two layers, each of which is carefully leveled with a spatula and dried.

Ceilings from plasterboard

The plasterboard sheet plastering process consists in filling in dents, joints with a construction mix. In the case where the gaps between the blocks of gypsum board are significant, experts advise using the sickle on the required areas. However, it should be remembered that the maximum thickness of the layer on the areas not covered by the grid can not exceed 15 mm.

Decorative plaster

There is also a so-called decorative finish of ceilings, in which the surface treated with plaster does not further shpaklyuetsya. This method of finishing allows you to get an interesting texture and unusual design solutions, especially with a combination of different application techniques.

ceiling Plastered and treated with granular emery paper P150-170 the ceiling is ready for further work. As a rule, to level the surface "under zero" without the use of putty is not obtained.

Video - Ceiling plaster with own hands