What are solar panels for the house?
All without exception household appliances can power electricity solar panels for a private country house - video, as well as audio equipment, as well as kitchen appliances. At the same time, of course, one should take into account the power given out by the modules, since the received kilowatts may simply not be enough to recharge all the devices you use for household needs. Currently there are 3 types of batteries. Monocrystalline are modules consisting of many silicone cells that capture solar energy.
Thin-film elements are made of silicon film. Polycrystalline differs in blue, in general they are similar to single crystals, they only have different shapes and are quite disorderly. For campsites there are flexible modules that provide power to large household appliances, they are folded into a tube for transportation. Each of these types has its pros and cons. So, mono- and polycrystalline solar batteries are very reliable and durable, the difference between them in price, the first is cheaper.
With a light weight and compact size, they have one drawback - they work only in the presence of direct sunlight. But thin-film modules are not so compact, they need a lot of space, and the roof will do the best. But this is the cheapest option, and the operation of such batteries will not be affected even by dense clouds, there would be only minimal illumination. True, in such conditions, the power of the modules will drop by 20%, but not more. For small needs a special compact portable set of solar cells is available, from which you can charge a mobile phone or power the radio.
Solar batteries for a summer residence - purchase and installation
Use of the diesel generator at year-round residence outside of a city will demand considerable investments in fuel and, actually, service of the unit. But the purchase of solar cells can become an excessive burden for your budget - they are quite expensive. However, there are several ways to get cheap modules, the efficiency of which will be no worse. Firstly, it is the acquisition of items rejected for minor defects, as well as those damaged in transit. Secondly, you can buy completely broken up in the transport of modules and collect from them quite full.
Each element has a positive and negative sides, the first one is usually gray with contacts for mounting soldering, the second one is black with the contact tracks of light-collecting cells. If the plate is only slightly damaged around the edges, this will not affect its performance in any way, only will greatly reduce the cost, which, of course, is beneficial for you. We assemble such modules into consecutive chains, laying the negative face down, and soldering the antennae of the conductors of one to the contact areas of the other( if there are several, the conductor must cross everything).Three such chains of 6 elements will give full-value solar batteries for the country. To the last element solder the usual conductors of the corresponding section, without a plate.
It remains to connect and fix everything. The circuits must be connected again in series, so the one that is in the middle turns 180 degrees and connect the wires of 4 contacts of two adjacent chains on one side, and on the other side 4 contacts of the middle and last chains. We need 2 such blocks, for the connection of which there will be one pair of contacts from each. Both batteries of 18 elements are equipped with a diode connected to it in series, which prevents the discharge of batteries through solar cells overnight. We solder the output wire to any conductor of both free pairs of neighboring blocks.
Mount it all the best on a sheet of plastic, but you need to choose such polymers that do not accumulate statics. We put everything in a low plastic box, closed with top plexiglas.
With respect to the battle of solar cells, everything is somewhat more complicated, you need to select larger pieces and fold them so that the tracks on the negative side are joined, and then fasten the plates together( preferably on the positive side).Then it is necessary to create the missing obligatory links between the tracks, which also need to be connected at the junctions of the plates. It is important to remember that the smaller the piece of a solar cell, the less current it gives, although it will have the same voltage as a full-fledged plate. And if you assemble a module from pieces of different sizes, the current will be produced at the nominal value of a smaller piece, and large ones will work half-heartedly. To increase the current, small pieces are collected into the module so that the contact is on the negative side with the negative side, and at the positive side with the analogous one.
Solar roof should serve for a long time
Average lifetime of photocells in solar batteries is from 10 to 25 years with their active use. In a calm state and properly provided conditions they can be stored almost indefinitely. It is important to protect all elements from possible damages, which often arise from hail or strong wind. It is best to cover with plexiglas, it is much stronger than ordinary glass, which can also be broken by large grades.
Also when installing solar panels, it should be borne in mind that thin-film modules, for all their cheapness, have a capacity of 25% of the declared .That is, a system of 10 kW actually gives 2.5, and the area will take, not much, not a little, 183 m2.In other words, to get enough powerful modules for uninterrupted power supply of large household appliances and lighting of premises, a roof of solar batteries should be on each of the outbuildings.
As far as it will be profitable - it's up to you. In this case, you will definitely need an inverter to convert the energy from the batteries to 220 V, which are needed by most devices in the house. Also, you need a battery with a capacity of at least 15,000 mAh. When everything is purchased, it only remains to keep the system in perfect order, which means constantly rubbing dust and removing any garbage that, at least in the least, can affect performance.