Dutch oven is a great way to heat your home and villa.
This oven can quickly and evenly heat the room, and a simple device will allow you to build the oven yourself.
Heating and cooking Dutchman is a brick construction with thick walls and a vertical chimney.
This furnace appeared in the times of Peter I and is still popular.
Contents:
- Features of the Dutch oven device
- Preparatory work
- Masonry order
Features of the Dutch oven device
The construction requires a solid ceramic brick.
The device has the following elements:
- ash pan;
- furnace chamber;
- smoke;
- cleaning compartment;
- chimney;
- latch for traction control.
The main differences of the heating and cooking Dutch from other brick furnaces are:
- the presence of smoke channels, which are placed one above the other, which ensures a consistent circulation of smoke and efficient heating;
- Dutch can be of various shapes: rectangular, round, oval, curved;
- furnace firebox is always rectangular in any form of furnace;
- possibility of building a Dutch woman with a hob or oven;
- high efficiency and fire safety design;
- is a long time-consuming operation up to 25 years.
Thanks to the brick walls, the oven has a relatively low weight, so it does not require a reinforced foundation and base.
The oven is compact in size, which allows it to be used in any interior.
Another feature: the Dutch is a three-ball, that is, the heated air makes three turns along the entire height of the structure before it enters the chimney, which explains the high efficiency of the furnace, which can be heated twice a day and the house is always warm.
The photo shows different variants of the Dutch: round, rectangular and others, from which you can choose the most suitable for your home.
Photo:
Preparatory work for
Before laying the oven Dutch, you need to choose a place, prepare consumables, the base for the furnace device, mortar solution. Let's consider all stages in more detail.
The correct location is very important for the oven. It is better to arrange the structure so that it heats two rooms at once.
It is not recommended to place the oven near the outside wall of the house, as condensation will form.
The following consumables are required for construction:
- ceramic brick;
- brick refractory;
- clay building;
- water;
- sand;
- doors for firebox and ash;
- steel flexible wire;
- asbestos fireproof cord;
- metal shutters;
- metal strip 0.5 cm thick and 5 cm wide.
The heating and cooking plant, despite its light weight, needs, though not in a strong, but in a qualitative and reliable base.
The key point is reinforcement, which needs to be done not only by area, but by volume, that is, deepened into the foundation. The dimensions of the base must be at least 1,2 x 1,2 m.
The foundation of the Dutch and the foundation of the house should not be tied, it is recommended to pour a layer of sand between the foundations.
A good option is a concrete monolithic slab or you can pour concrete mortar.
You can also make a foundation of brick, but it will be more expensive, but the advantage is that if necessary, the base can be disassembled.
Concrete base is difficult to dismantle, and also pouring mortar is more labor-intensive than laying brick. But the concrete will still be stronger and more reliable.
The foundation construction begins with marking the area of the furnace. The basement area should be slightly larger than the base of the furnace. Now you need to dig a pit 60 cm deep.
The pit needs to be covered with rubble, the thickness of the layer is 15 cm, the layer needs to be leveled and tamped. Then the reinforcement net is laid.
Vertical rods are installed in the intersections of reinforcing bars. All joints of the reinforcing system must be connected with wire.
The formwork is then installed. The walls of the formwork are covered with a roofing felt or some other waterproofing material.
Then a concrete solution is poured, prepared from the calculation: one part of the cement for three parts of water. The filled surface should be sprinkled with dry cement to increase the hardness of the substrate.
The ready foundation should be left to dry completely. It is recommended to wait 30 days, although, how much to wait, everyone decides individually, some builders start further work after 7 days.
After drying the foundation must be covered with waterproofing, for example, roofing material.
The next stage is the laying of the furnace. First of all, you need to prepare mortar for masonry. To make a solution, you need to sift the sand and clay.
Sift through a sieve or mesh from the armored bed. Clay should be filled with water for three hours, not more than three parts of water to one part of clay. And not absorbed water to drain.
When the clay swells, sand is added to it in the same proportion. Pure water is added to the resulting mixture. How much to add depends on the amount of the mixture, approximately 1/8 part is added.
It should be noted that you need to fill with water and bricks for one minute. This is done so that the brick does not absorb water from the clay solution. Now you can proceed to the construction of the furnace.
Masonry order
The masonry of the heating and cooking plant of the Dutch is generally uncomplicated. It is necessary to use the furnace scheme and ordering.
The order is an instruction for the layout of the furnace, it displays each step of the produced work and looks like a diagram. The construction scheme and the order are presented below.
Photo:
It is also advisable to watch a video of how the brickwork is made.
Before laying the foundation, the sand should be poured on the waterproofing of the foundation, only after that lay the first row consisting of 12 bricks.
After this, it is necessary to check the leveling of the masonry with the building level, and then pour in clay mortar.
Now it is necessary to install an ashtray door, wrapped with an asbestos cord. The door is fixed with metal wire. The wire is inserted into the door frame and twisted twice.
In the upper edge of the brick, you need to make a small hole in which a wire is inserted. Then the wire must be bent and twisted with a brick.
The second row is stacked similarly to the first one, the order must be observed. The third and the next rows must be fireproof. Between 3 and 4 rows it is necessary to lay the grate 20x30 cm.
In the fourth row, the bricks must be laid with an edge. The scheme displays red bricks on which the internal chimney partition is installed.
Bricks of the back wall should be laid without mortar. This is done so that in the future there is the possibility to remove the bricks for cleaning the oven, and also allows not to install the doors.
Next, you need to install the furnace door in the same way as the ash door. The fifth row should be laid similarly to the fourth - flat. The sixth row should be laid with the edge, as the order shows.
In the seventh row, all bricks must be laid flat, except for the back wall - there you need to lay bricks with a rib. All subsequent rows are also laid flat.
On the eighth row, it is necessary to close the combustion chamber door. Internal refractory bricks above the furnace should be beveled, which will allow the stove to be used as a fireplace.
The ninth row needs to be pushed back a little, and the asbestos board is placed on top, and then, if necessary, install the hob.
Video:
The space between the hob and the brickwork must be filled with an asbestos cord.
On the tenth row it is necessary to lay out the base of the brick for the chimney, the continuation of the base will be metallic.
After this, 11 rows are stacked and a bolt is installed, which must first be wrapped with an asbestos cord.
During laying of the 12th row, it is necessary to arrange the connection between the pipe and the chimney. The chimney must be taken out of the house through the roof. Joints need to be insulated with, for example, mineral wool.
The height of the chimney is determined in its sole discretion, but from the very height of the roof point the chimney should rise by at least 0.5 m.
How many rows to make are dependent on the size of the structure, here a small oven is considered.
For the large-sized Dutch-kiln oven, the device is similar, only another order is required.
When the brickwork of the furnace is completed, you can proceed to the lining. Lining is chosen based on preferences.
The oven can be whitewashed, finished with tiles or tiles, stone, decorative plaster, or you can simply leave the brick in its original form.
Another heating furnace can be made in a metal casing that will have increased heat output.
The finished heating furnace must dry for three weeks. The door of the furnace at this time should be open. Before using the oven for the first time, it is recommended to burn some paper to check the draft.
Before laying on the floor, it is necessary to lay a metal sheet, which will serve as an additional measure of safety against fire.
From the described technology it is obvious that the Dutch oven can be built by the builder with minimal experience.
A beginner will need no more than three days to build, and will last for many years. Below is a video of building a Dutch house.
