This question most of all interests people living in their own home. Residents of cities rarely resort to external insulation of the walls of their apartments, as this is associated with high costs, including for the services of industrial climbers. However, many have in their property some structures in which it is necessary to create good conditions, including temperature ones. For example, a cottage, a garage, a sauna.
Not everyone understands that warming allows not only to create a comfortable microclimate in a particular building. External insulation of any structure gives a purely economic effect. First, there is no need to frequently switch on the elements of additional space heating. After all, electric heaters are mainly used for this. Therefore, the energy needs to be paid even more than usual. Secondly, the lowered temperature in the building( and if it is also the corresponding humidity) favors the development of mold and fungus. And this is decay or defeat of walls, ceiling, things. And again - money "out of pocket": to repair, to buy a new thing.
The insulation of the house from the outside is made by different materials. But when choosing a "heater" you need to focus and on what made, first of all, the walls of the house. After all for each building material( in particular, a heater) its own mounting technology is provided. It may turn out that it will be possible to insulate a concrete house with the selected material, but this will require a lot of additional work. Hence, there will be a loss of time and again all the same money. Therefore, the choice should be optimal. Let us dwell on some heaters and consider the peculiarities of their laying.
Ways of exterior insulation of the house using various materials
It is necessary to understand that the external thermal insulation is the most effective. It does not reduce the "cubic capacity" of premises, does not accumulate moisture in the rooms, hence, the walls do not "sweat".Thermal insulation of walls requires increased attention. Specialists say that up to 30% of the heat "leaves" through them. So, we begin to insulate with various materials.
Heat insulation with foam
One of the most popular, light and cheap insulation materials. To work with him, no special devices or technologies are required. However, one must take into account that the foam plastic belongs to the category of combustible building materials. The order of work will be as follows:
- preparation of wall surfaces. It is necessary to achieve its careful alignment. Polyfoam is available in plate format. If such a plate is applied to an uneven surface, voids are formed. Firstly, with a mechanical effect on this place, the foam will simply burst. Secondly, any isolated space is a potential accumulation of moisture, various insects, etc.;
- as part of the preparation - the subsequent priming of the surface. If there are remains of whitewash on the wall, for example, the glue that the foam will be attached to, simply does not "grab" the wall. Therefore, you need to wash it well and primed;
- the next stage - the installation of ebb( external window sills).They need to be leveled horizontally with the help of a level, so that later you do not have to cut the foam plate;
- before laying the plates it is necessary to put the base. It is also called the "starting bar".It will not allow the slab to slide down, and to keep the line will be much easier.
The foam plates are laid from the bottom. From the way the lower plate is correctly exposed, the evenness of the entire row also depends. Plates "put" on the glue. Professionals recommend a day after three after the sticker additionally fix them to the nails( if the wall material allows it to be done).
If the foam house is warmed from the timber, it is necessary to carefully fix all the holes and cracks. Any material can be used: mineral or ecowool, mounting foam or something else. The main thing is to eliminate the air circulation, drafts.
Insulated with mineral wool
This material has several names, and more often it is called short-minvata. There are also the names of glass wool, stone wool, mineral wool insulation. The basis of this material is fiberglass. On sale there are special plates from this material, which "sheath" the outer walls. To fix these plates a special reinforcement is used. Especially popular is wool stone "lining".It is insulated with walls, roof, attics. This material, unlike polystyrene, has flexibility, so its packing does not require such a thorough preparation of surfaces.
Thermal insulation with polystyrene( foam foam)
As a rule, they are usually warmed by cellars, cellars, foundations, walls. This material is one of the best in protecting buildings from the effects of groundwater. For external insulation, polystyrene plates and special plaster are used, which includes this material. It should be borne in mind that the foam is produced in several brands. For the house "31" and "35" are suitable. Warming is carried out in several stages.
- on the wall are pasted plates with a plaster mixture;
- on top of the plate are covered once again with one layer of the same mixture. This layer is needed for additional protection of insulating material;
- , an alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh is applied from above;
- the whole surface is primed;
- the last layer - the choice of the owner. You can just paint, plaster. Can be covered with some kind of decorative material. This is already a matter of taste.
Features of thermal insulation of wooden houses
It should be borne in mind that any tree, whatever breed it is, evaporates moisture. In such cases it is said that it "breathes".It is for this reason, when exterior insulation of wooden buildings, you need to think about creating good ventilation of the walls. Specialists recommend using glass wool or basalt cotton wool as a heat insulation material. It's almost the same, the difference is only in price. Steklovata will be cheaper.
Before installing the heater, it is recommended to replace the wooden window frames with plastic ones. Installation begins after installation of the frame. It is mounted from wooden racks, which are installed vertically( similar to a crate).The distance between the slats is chosen equal to the width of the plate of insulation material. To fix the plates to the rails, special plastic dowels are used.
First lay a layer of vapor barrier, then - a heater. After installing the heating layer, a special film( windproof) is attached from above. Its purpose is to "let out" the moisture from the wall, but not to let it from outside. At the last stage, you can lay a layer of decorative plaster, make the siding of the walls with siding.
Before you decide on a particular insulation, it's best to consult with a specialist after all. After all, there can not be a single recommendation for everyone. In addition to those features, which have already been mentioned, it is necessary to take into account other factors. For example, the climatic conditions in the region of residence. This includes both humidity with its differences, and maximum and minimum ambient temperatures.
