Closed veranda with own hands

The veranda is a traditional element of a country house. If before it was considered as a small extension, which acts as a corridor or an ancillary premise, modern verandas perform much more functions. They can be used as summer canteens, winter gardens or places for rest.

Types of verandas

Structural verandas are divided into 2 types:

1. Open. Some of them are the supports installed on the foundation foundation, on which the roof is fastened. Close such verandas only up to half a small flanging.
2. Closed. They differ from the first type only in that they have completely closed walls. In the interval between the flange and the roof, window frames are installed. Such an extension with careful insulation can serve even as a living room. Closed veranda can serve as a kind of buffer between the street and the main room. Thanks to her, the temperature in the house will be several degrees higher, even if there is no heating.

On how to make a private veranda with your own hands - more.

Preparation of works

The initial stage of the construction of the veranda should be design. The complexity of this piece of work is that the veranda will be built separately from the whole house. When buildings are built in a complex way, it is much easier to maintain harmony between them. In the same case, you need to try to make the veranda look like a whole with the house. From a technical point of view, the difficulty lies in linking the structural elements of the extension: the foundation, the walls, and the roof.

When planning the construction of an extension, it is necessary to remember one important aspect - documentary survey. Construction of even a small extension of an open type is nothing more than making changes in the construction of a house, which must be attested in the technical passport of the house. Otherwise, any transactions with this property, namely, donation, sale, exchange - will be impossible. In order to legalize the construction, it is necessary to contact the project organization for drafting the project. The projects of closed verandas are made according to the customer's sketches and on the basis of the house certificate. You can give them a photo of the closed veranda that you would like, this will be an excellent starting point in the design.

Further with the finished project it is necessary to receive the coordination on realization of works. For this, the registration organization is provided with:

• project,
• application,
• documents for real estate,
• documents of the owner.

Only after obtaining a building permit you can start work. Even with the drafting of the project by specialists, all work on erecting the verandah can be performed by hand.

When drafting a closed veranda to the house, it is necessary to draw up a construction estimate. To do this you need to plan and purchase materials. It is better to buy everything at once. First, it will save time, especially if construction is conducted in rural areas, and secondly, will save money, because sellers of building materials usually provide a discount for a large order.

Foundation device

As a rule, simple columnar constructions made of concrete and bricks are used to construct the veranda basement. Their big advantage is that they are not expensive in construction and quite reliable. The drawbacks are their openness. After all, the constant influx of cold air will cause cooling down of the floors in the room, and reduce to "no" all attempts to heat it. Without reliable and expensive insulation of the floor, it will simply not be possible to live in a verandah on a columnar foundation in winter. Therefore, it is best suited if the premises are planned to be used only in the warm season.

For a winter garden or a "warm" veranda, the most suitable option is a strip foundation. After its erection, the whole trench is filled with clay and expanded clay, which significantly reduces heat loss through the floor.

The order of work on the arrangement of the foundation:

1. The device of the column foundation of the closed veranda to the house begins with the marking. The number of columns depends on the size of the structure. The distance between them should not be more than 2 m. This will allow the floor to withstand reliably any loads. Obligatory is the presence of poles in the corners of the building.
2. In the places marked under the poles, digging pits of the required size with a depth of at least 1 m are laid. A gravel-sand cushion is laid on the bottom of each of them, which is carefully tamped.
3. Then a layer of waterproofing is laid. It is better for her to use a ruberoid.
4. The next stage in the pits is filled with a layer of concrete 15-20 cm thick. After the solution has cooled, the concrete surface is leveled and waterproofing is laid.
5. The final stage is carried out brickwork, thanks to which the height of the column is achieved the desired parameters.
6. The height of the foundation pillars is calculated so that the floor level of the extension is about 30 cm lower than the main building. In this case, at the same height of the room, you can achieve the desired angle of the roof slope.

Construction of the frame

The frame is constructed from round logs with a diameter of at least 120 mm or a bar with a cross-sectional dimension of at least 150х150 mm. They make the upper and lower straps, as well as vertical racks. The connection of the structural elements occurs with the help of a "direct" lock. For a beginner builder who never dealt with a tree, such a castle will not become wisdom. It is made quite simply:

1. It is necessary to measure the length of the beam from the end, which is equal to its width. Get a small square.
2. Then, on the drawn line, a notch is made with a hole equal to half the thickness of the bar.
3. From the end with the help of an ax we beat off half of the bar and get a groove.
4. At the end of the other bar we make a similar groove. We connect them in such a way that the groove falls on the pillar of the foundation.
5. We fix the binding of the strapping to the pole using an anchor bolt.

Further order of the construction of the frame:

1. When installing the lower strapping, the seats for the floor lag are cut out. If the width of the veranda is not too large, then the lag is fixed to the base of the house and the bar of the lower strapping. If the width is large, then they must be laid on additional foundation pillars.
2. When installing the strapping, protect the wood from moisture. The place of contact of the strapping with the concrete brick foundation pillar must be laid ruberoid gasket.
3. When installing vertical racks, it is absolutely necessary to level them in order to avoid problems with the installation of the roof.
4. All elements of the frame are connected with bolted connections. Fastening is better to take from stainless steel, so it will be possible to avoid corrosion.

Construction of a closed veranda. Assembling the roof and walls

Since for construction of the verandas usually use a not too powerful frame, the weight of its walls and roof should be minimally possible, so as not to create additional load on the base. So, for finishing the walls use a lining or edging board. During installation, each of these materials has its own piling technology. The lining is nailed into the lock, tightly fitting the slats to each other. The boards are lapped, in such a way as to avoid large gaps between them.

A layer of thermal insulation is laid on the inside of the wall. As the last, it is better to use mineral wool. This material has a low thermal conductivity, poor hygroscopicity, and is also fireproof. On the outside of the room, the wall can be laminated with fiberboard.

The procedure for the erection of the roof:

1. Installation of the roof begins with the installation of rafters. They are attached to the upper strapping. The slope of the rafters should ensure a normal rainfall from the roof surface.
2. After the rafters are installed, they are laid on the boardwalk board.
3. When choosing a roofing material, it is necessary to consider what the main building is covered with. To the whole house looked harmonious, usually the veranda is covered with the same material as the roof of the house. The most reliable and relatively inexpensive material is slate. When laying it is necessary to take into account the angle of the roof. The smaller it is, the larger the width should be overlapped.
4. Quite often the roof of the verandah is made of roofing material. The advantage of this material is its easy installation. Due to its low weight, it easily fits and does not create additional load on the supporting structure. For laying roofing material the boardwalk is mounted very tightly to minimize gaps.
5. Then the linens of the roofing felt must be vertically overlapped. The lapping should be at least 15 cm. The layers of the roofing material are fastened with galvanized nails, after which the joints are pressed against the wooden slats.

Installing windows

Windows in a closed veranda are a necessary element. To improve the preservation of heat in the room it is better to mount metal-plastic double-glazed windows. The advantage of such systems is that the hollow profile from which the window frame is made has a low thermal conductivity, which favorably affects heat losses. In addition, metal-plastic windows are completed with 2 and 3-chamber double-glazed windows, which similarly badly pass the heat.

When installing the window, it is necessary to take into account the properties of the wooden frame. It can expand when moisture is absorbed. Therefore, the window is installed with a technological gap. Otherwise, it just warps.

The installation of the window on the frame is done using anchor bolts. The gap between the frame and the window is filled with a mounting foam.

Flooring

The most optimal option for a veranda closed is a floor covering made of a floorboard 30 mm thick and up to 120 mm wide. The board is laid on logs with a gasket of heat-insulating material. Before decking, each of the boards thoroughly treated with antiseptic and linseed oil. After laying - open with varnish or paint.

Interior of the closed veranda: photo

Attaching the closed veranda to the house: video