Summer terrace to the house - a detailed guide for the construction of 6 stages

Terrace does not have to be rectangular, it can be any shape.

You want to do outside his home a cozy quiet place for a family holiday in the fresh air? This article describes the various options for small architectural forms for holiday relaxation and leisure. I also tell you in detail how to attach an open terrace to the house.

What is the terrace, and why it is needed

Many residents of country houses often confuse pavilions, terraces and verandas. Next I will try to explain what it is, and how they differ from each other:

1. Terrace - a flat open area designed for recreation of residents and visitors during the warmer months. It is characterized by the following features:

• By location, there are terraces, Attached directly to the home or to the bath, and there are separate, installed at some distance from residential buildings;
• To eliminate the flooding water during heavy rains, flooring usually located at 150-500 mm above ground level;
• Along the perimeter established low decorative fence, and top mounted light shed from the rain and sun;
• sitting area on the terrace equipped with a set of garden furniture, barbecue or barbecue stove.

If you allow the size and layout of the site, even a small outdoor swimming pool can be placed on the terrace.

1. Veranda - a kind, large unheated enclosed porch, which is attached to the first or ground floor of a country house:

• Veranda is built on a separate tape or pier foundation. In some cases, it is mounted on a common foundation of an apartment house;
• Floor veranda usually located on the same level with the finished floor in the apartment building;
• The lower part of the walls vsploshnuyu sutured, and the upper half is set panoramic stained glass;
• The roof has a capital structure, and is a continuation of the residential building roof;
• On the veranda there are usually two doors: one facing the street and the other in the living room.

On the enclosed porch can be equipped with a full kitchen, living room or dining room.

1. arbor - a free-standing structure made of wood, brick or metal. This vacation spot is usually located in the yard, in the garden or on the waterfront:

• Pergolas can be at a considerable distance from the house. They are installed on your own belt or columnar foundation;
• The arbor has its floor, supporting pillars, side walls and roof of capital;
• The walls can be fully open, half open, latticed or glazed;
• Inside the gazebo set outdoor furniture, grill or barbecue stove.

For freestanding gazebo often parked outside terrace.

Technical features outdoor terraces

Among the garden described the architectural forms, the most popular option is considered a summer terrace, and attached to the house. There are several reasons:

1. manufacturing simplicity. To build their own summer terrace on the site are quite capable of any handyman even without assistance;
2. Low price. For its production does not need the use of expensive building materials or machinery rental;
3. Low weight. Easy open platform can be installed on site with any terrain on any type of soil;
4. Independent design. Any wooden houses eventually dry out and shrink. Attached terrace is mounted on a separate foundation, and is not associated with the structural elements of the house;
5. outdoor terrace with a low fence does not close the panoramic view from the windows and not prevented from entering the house of sunlight.

Between the base and the carrier elements terrace house must remain 50-100 mm gap.

Structurally, any summer outdoor area consists of the following elements:

1. Foundation. Most often, the construction of terraces to the house is done in a light pier foundation. In some cases, it is set directly on the ground with bedding sand and gravel;
2. Flooring can be of three types:

• Wooden floor decking floor board - laid on the longitudinal carrying logs, which are based on the pier foundation;
• Plastic decking - hollow bar of a polymeric material with simulated colors and texture of natural wood. They are mounted as well as the board, but have a much higher strength, abrasion resistance and durability;
• Paving tiles or flat polished stone - laid on the subgrade over sand and gravel backfill.

Plastic decking looks like a real, is much longer, and does not require any maintenance at all.

1. side protection performs protective and decorative functions:

• Usually made of wood or metal in the form of openwork lattice fence or railing with rather narrow;
• To create shadows on the perimeter planted a hedge of tall dense shrubs or climbing plants;
• For protection against wind sides sealed transparent molded polycarbonate or tempered glass 8-10 mm thick;
• In cold regions, and short summer, it is best to approach all-weather covered terrace. In this case, it is equipped capital roof and front door, and install double-glazed windows that open on the perimeter.

1. shed not save you from heavy rain with the wind, but will protect against light rain and sun. Sheds may have different constructions:

• Folding fabric Elbow awnings that attach to the front of the house;
• Removable awning cloth, which is mounted on a metal or wooden frame;
• Folding umbrellas or bells - each of them is mounted on a separate rack;
• Light rigid roofing materials (metal, Ondulin). For such a pass is made base frame, and in the corners of the site set the supporting pillars.

Canopy smoked polycarbonate is inexpensive, has a low weight, creates a shadow, and at the same time allowing the natural light.

I brought here exemplary solutions for the open-air terrace, adjoined to the house. Which of them is better to stay - you decide for yourself.

Construction of the summer terrace

Stage 1: site selection and design work

Before you attach to the house the terrace, it is necessary to choose the right place for its location:

• Rest area should be located in the courtyard at the rear side of the house;
• On both sides of the horizon, it is preferably oriented to the south or south-east;
• It is desirable that with a panoramic scenic view of the garden, forest or water;
• If a house or room, located on a slope, terrace is better to attach to the bottom of the building;
• The distance from the rest zone to the street toilets, dustbins or cesspool must not be less than 10 m.

Terrace near the bath is better to locate on the west side, because the steam usually go in the late afternoon when the sun is coming to a close.

For your own convenience before work necessary to prepare a simple technical design of future buildings. In it the following items should be reflected:

1. Plan your site with the designation of the house and tied to elevations;
2. A detailed sketch of the terrace with the projection in three planes and showing all the principal dimensions (length, width, height) in mm;
3. Section and sections responsible nodes and supporting structural elements;
4. List and the number of materials used (I advise you to specify a small margin).

Sketches and cross-sections for the project can be drawn by hand, the main thing that you understand all the construction technology.

To determine the optimal size for a future terrace, I advise to proceed at the rate of 2-3 m² free floor area for each of the tenants or regular visitors of your home.

Step 2: Preparation of tools and material procurement

To work you need a common set of household tools that should be in any private home. Building materials will have to buy separately:

Instruments:

Illustration	Set of tools
	Hand tools: Large and medium-sized hammer; Sledgehammer; Scrap metal or long mount; Hacksaw; Pliers and pliers; A set of curly and flat screwdrivers; Set of wrenches.
	Carpentry tools: Longitudinal and transverse hacksaw on a tree; Carpenter's ax; Wide and narrow portable planer; A set of chisels; Wooden or plastic mallet; Large square; Builder's level, the cord and the plummet; Ruler, measuring tape, pencil.
	Power: Electric drill with a set of drill bits; Bulgarian discs for metal, stone and wood; The electric planer; Schematic emery grinder with set skins; Electric jigsaw with the sawing of a tree; Welding apparatus with electrodes and a protective mask.
	Gardening Tools: Bayonet spade; Podbornoe or shovel; Garden rakes; Construction or garden wheelbarrow.

materials:

Illustration	material list
	Building materials for the foundation: Reinforced concrete blocks measuring approximately 200h200h400 mm; Crushed granite having a particle size of 20-35 mm; Career or river sand; Sand and gravel; Paving tiles; Roofing material.
	Timber: Dry pine lumber section of 100x100 mm and 60x60 mm; Cutting board size 60h100 mm; Tongued batten 40 mm; Boards for fencing thickness 25-35 mm; Dry slats 30-40 mm thick.
	Supporting materials: Geotextile rolls; Awning fabric; Aluminum profiled tube; Elbow awnings (as pictured) or folding umbrellas; Antiseptic impregnation; Paint or floor wax.
	fasteners: Galvanized screws for wood 4-6 mm in diameter and 35-75 mm in length; Perforated mounting plate and corners; Galvanized screws with nuts and washers 6-10 mm in diameter; Set of façade fasteners (anchors, screws, dowels).

Step 3: The foundation arrangement

Enclosed garden to the house starts with the fabrication of columnar foundations. If you do not plan to raise the floor above ground level, it is possible to lay paving slabs on a gravel bedding.

Illustration	Description of work
	Planning work: On the construction site to remove the fertile layer of soil; By means of pegs and cord perform counting, as shown in the diagram on the left; The locations of the support bars dig pits depth 400-500 mm; You can use a bayonet or spade drill large diameter garden; The bars should be placed at all the logs and around the perimeter of the terrace at a distance of not more than 1500 mm apart.
	Installation of pier foundation: Primer on the bottom of the pits must be compacted and pour a layer of gravel 150 mm; Above the sand layer to fill the same thickness; It should be moistened with water and once compacted; Blocks laid on sand pits and level by level; The upper part of the pillars shall be arranged in the same horizontal plane; If some of them will be higher or lower its height can be adjusted by the thickness of the sand layer; On the top surface of each block, using the bitumastic paste square roofing material.
	Floor paving slabs: Fertile soil layer to stay at a depth of 300-350 mm and remove plant roots; The remainder compacted earth and gravel fill layer thickness of 80-100 mm; In gravel pack geotextile and on the perimeter of the site to establish curbstones on the cement; On geotextile pour a layer of sand and gravel 100 mm, and smoothed with a long rule; Top fill the dry mixture of sand and cement in a ratio of 8: 1 with a layer thickness of 20-40 mm; Along the curbs install drain trays and the remaining surface of the laying of paving tiles or flat stones.

Terrace floor of paving slabs makes sense to do on the high flat and dry areas with low groundwater levels. If your site is located on the slopes or in the valley, then I recommend to install the pier foundation.

Step 4: production of sex

The following provides detailed instructions for assembling a floor covering of the grooved floorboards and plastic decking:

Illustration	Description of work
	Installation of the base of the timber: The base frame is assembled from timber 100x100 mm; The compound timber holds vpoldereva or quarter; It lies on the support posts and is fixed with anchor bolts or metal brackets; If the terrace is small, the transverse webs of the beams are at the same time lags for the installation of the boardwalk.
	Laying additional lag: On the terraces of large sizes over the frame of timber logs stacked cross from the board 60h100 mm; They are fixed with screws and perforated corners; The distance between the logs should be in the range of 600-700 mm; The perimeter lag ends sutured board sides 25-30 mm thick.
	Wooden Flooring: Decking floor board is attached to the joists with screws; If you are not very concerned about the appearance, they can be spun through from the front side; For flush mounting screws are wrapped in the side face of the tongue through the board; The floorboards are best left with a small margin on the length; When they are fixed, they can be precisely trimmed grinder or a cutting machine with a disk on a tree; After installation, the entire surface of the floor should be sanded first, largest, and then medium-grained sandpaper; The front of the cover deck paint or decorative and protective mastic.
	Fixing decking: To a support frame made of beams fasten plastic joists (1) which are included; At the beginning of the terrace to fasten battens one primary yoke (3); Board laid on the joists so that the bracket all the way went to the end groove; On the other side of the board to secure the logs one intermediate bracket (4); Next board put in the same way to bend each end brackets entered the groove; Thus it is necessary to sew up the entire floor; After that, the end of each board to install the plastic decorative cap (6); The longitudinal end decking fasten the plastic bracket (8).

To not rotted wooden terrace over two years before the final assembly of all parts of the tree have to doubled on all sides to handle antiseptic impregnation for exterior use.

Step 5: Set side fences

Here are a few variants of the side fences terraces. It can be made from metal, wood, glass or living plants:

Illustration	Description of work
	Fence made of wood: The vertical pillars are made from a bar 100x100 or 80x80 mm; They are attached at the bottom of the carrier base rails terraces; The horizontal girders and diagonal webs made of smaller cross-section beam; The upper runs can put parapet board width of 100-120 mm; Hidden connections are made on the furniture bolt or wooden pegs with joiner's glue.
	Metal fence: Railing made of metal is more suitable for the terrace with tiled or stone floor; Such metal section can be bought ready-made and can be boiled with his own hands: Steel elements of artistic forging for such works are sold in building hypermarkets; For mounting the metal fence is necessary to partially disassemble the tiled floor, and concreted into the base of the supporting pillars terraces.
	Hedge: For evergreen fence can be used thuja decorative, dwarf cypress, boxwood shrubs or climbing flowers; They are planted in the ground or in wooden crates on the terrace of the perimeter; To do like the picture on the left, it is necessary from the ground to the canopy pull grid with large cells; In the early spring to plant in the ground or climbing plants twine; By mid-summer you get a thick green wall.
	Fence made of glass: For such barriers can only use secure tempered glass 8-10 mm thick; They can be ordered at the glass factory or an authorized workshop; Pillars and railings to make myself do not work, so they also have to buy; Mount the complete package can be on their own, in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

Step 6: The installation of the canopy

For your comfort in all weather outdoor terrace have to be shed. In this section I will offer a few options, and you can choose at its discretion:

Illustration	Description of work
	Rigid roof: For mounting a stationary rigid roof on the facade needs to be fixed horizontal beam; On the outer side of the terrace on the leading edge to establish the vertical pillars; On top of them it is necessary to link the horizontal beam; To the beam on the facade and to the beam to fix the inclined rafter poles in increments of no more than 1000 mm therebetween; On top of the rafters put hard roofing material; This can be a cellular polycarbonate, metal, etc. ondulin.
	Sliding cloth awning: Supporting structure is the same as in the previous case, only the rafters can be arranged with a large pitch (1500-2000 mm); Below the rafters are attached guide for sliding mechanism; When rotating the handle, awning fabric is folded and pulls on the guide to the wall.
	Elbow awnings: Pent ulnar Marquis webs may have a length up to 5 meters and forward flight to 3 meters; In the assembled position it is completely cleaned and pressed against the wall; A take-up mechanism is mounted on the facade, and it is controlled by a remote handle; Elbow awnings are good because they do not require any supporting pillars, so they do not occupy a seat on the terrace for them.
	Folding umbrellas: Portable folding umbrella is convenient because it can be easily installed anywhere on your site, and just as quickly removed when necessary; It has a heavy massive base, which provides it with good stability; Despite this, in strong winds and rain, I advise you to put it, because he can fly off or break.

conclusion

Now you'll be able to build his home near the open summer terrace, on almost every taste and every budget. If you have something to add, please contact me in the comments, and be sure to watch the video in this article.