The importance of
If youyou are wondering whether it is necessary to make grounding in your summer cottage or cottage, then we immediately say that we can not do without a protective circuit. Even according to the standards of the Electrical Installation Regulations, SNiP and GOST, a special tap must be made which will protect you from electric shock. The organization of the TN-S system( its correct name) in the 220 and 380 Volt network should be made even during construction, becausethen it is more expensive to do( it will be necessary to change the two-wire cable to three- or five-core cable throughout the house).
If you bought a cottage in which the system is not installed, you need to do the connection yourself first. In addition, the installation is quick and does not require special calculations. In addition, it is still desirable to make lightning protection, but this is not included in the requirements, although we will certainly talk about it in the category of electricity and security.
Contour device
The protective earthing circuit consists of an external and internal subsystem. Combine the two routes in the switchboard, which must be installed indoors. The street part consists of electrodes dug into the soil, connected by metal plates. From this design, a metal tire is output, which fits to the main shield.
With regard to the internal protection device, it consists of a number of separate conductors coming from the enclosures of powerful electrical appliances. All contacts are connected to the bus, which is located inside the shield( in the photo you can see the grounding device in a private house).
The plate and the bus are connected together by a copper cable of suitable cross-section. And the cable is fixed to the metal with a bolted connection. As you can see, there are no super complicated engineering solutions here, so you can do everything on your own, without even having an operational experience. Next, we will provide you with a description of how to step-by-step arrange a grounding in your home.
We are developing the scheme of
The first step is to determine the grounding scheme in a private house, according to which you need to make the whole system.
Today, two schemes are popular:
- Closed( in the form of a triangle).Its advantage in more reliable functioning, becauseIf the metal jumper between the pins is damaged, the system will still work( on the other hand).
- Linear. In this case, all the pins are dug into one line, and the series is connected in series. The disadvantage of such a system of grounding the house is that if the first jumper is damaged, it will all fail( the principle of garland).
We recommend that you make a grounding in a private house in a triangle scheme, becausein fact, the installation work will not change( you still have to dig three pits and drive three pins), but the efficiency will be several times higher than with the line circuit.
In addition to the above grounding schemes in a private house, you can make your own choice. For example, to hammer corners by a rectangle or an oval. For example, we recommend you print the four most popular versions:
Preparing tools and materials for
As for tools for installing grounding in a country house( for example, in a country house), you will need:
- welding machine( its presence is mandatory, since joining plates and fittings without welding will not create a quality contact, especially under the soil);
- bulgarian( cut the metal into suitable pieces);
- bayonet shovel;
- perforator;
- sledgehammer( the heavier, the better, because you have to drive the pins 2 meters deep);
- set of wrenches( tighten the bolt).
If you have at least a small electrician's skills, we recommend you to make a welding machine yourself! Nothing complicated in this!
From materials it is necessary to use:
- a metal corner from stainless steel with the sizes 50 * 50 mm, length not less than 2 meters. Alternatively, a water pipe made of steel with a diameter of 32 mm, a wall thickness of at least 3.5 mm, or reinforcement. You can also use a rectangular profile, the main thing is that its cross-sectional area does not exceed 150 mm2;
- three strips of metal with a length of 120 cm, a width of 4 cm and a thickness of at least 4 mm;
- metal strip made of stainless steel 40 * 4 mm, which has a length from the place of occurrence of the system to the porch of the house;
- bolt M8 or M10;
- copper wire, for example, PV-3, with a thickness of at least 6 mm2( depending on which section is adopted for the phase conductor).
Having prepared everything you need, you can proceed to manufacture grounding in a private house.
Installation work
Step 1 - Select the place
First you need to decide in which place to make the ground loop. The importance of this stage is very high, becauseDepending on the choice of the location of grounding in the suburban area depends on the safety of the system. If there is a breakdown of the wiring, as a result of which the protection will work, then in the place where the pins are, no one should be. The presence of a person or animal at the site of tapping electricity into the soil can cause death. That is why the location of the electrodes is chosen taking into account the fact that no one will be here. It is best to place a tap along the fence behind the house, at a distance no more than 1 meter from the foundation of the building. In addition, it is recommended to make a low fence or curb to protect an unsafe area.
If you do not want to spoil the landscape design of the site, we recommend to organize a system of grounding a residential house under boulders or some three-dimensional garden sculpture. In this case, no one will be able to harm in the dangerous zone and the beauty of the homestead territory!
Step 2 - Earthwork
For example, consider how to properly ground in a private house in a triangle according to the scheme that we discussed above. At this stage it is necessary to dig a triangle with sides with 1.2 meters( the most optimal distance between corners) with a shovel. The depth of the trench should be between 50 and 70 cm. The same trench should be dug to the porch of the house.
Step 3 - Assemble the
structure Now the main part of the process begins. According to the scheme it is necessary to hammer the electrodes 2 meters into the ground( so that only the tops remain, which will need to be seized by welding).
It is recommended that the bulldog undercut the hammered end so that it easily penetrates the soil.
When all the pins are driven in, it is necessary to weld the plates to the tops to make a metal triangular frame( as shown in the photo).
Another plate fits into a long trench going to the house, and is caught at one end to the nearest vertex of the triangle. 
After this, you can proceed to connect the cable to the plate, using a bolt and, eventually, fill all the pits with soil back. 
One important nuance - if the site is represented by a sand cushion, the conductivity of the soil will need to be increased by a solution of salt. The liquid must be poured under the base of all the electrodes. The disadvantage of such an event is that the metal will quickly start to corrode, which will make the grounding in a private house not as powerful as it should be.
Step 4 - Checkout
The last thing you will do is to measure the resistance of the finished ground in a private house. In a good way for measuring it is necessary to use a special electric appliance, the cost of which is quite high.
At home, you can go another way to solve the problem, more simple - to test the performance with a lamp, power of at least 100 watts. All you need is to connect the light source with one contact to the ground loop, and the other to the phase. If the light bulb is to burn brightly - the earthing in your own house was done correctly, dimly - the contact between the elements of the structure is weak and it is necessary to rework the joints. If the light does not appear at all, you made a mistake somewhere and you will need to completely revise the entire system, perhaps starting with the circuit itself!
This completes the instruction. We hope that now you know how to make a grounding in a private house with your own hands! We draw your attention to the fact that this technology is suitable for dachas too.
For more detailed information on the whole process, please see the video examples:
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- Why does the RCD in the house
