Since ancient times, wooden houses and wooden house structures have been of special value. They are beautiful and durable, and most importantly - absolutely safe for the environment. Recently, more and more often owners of summer cottages choose a tree for the construction of country houses.
Contents of
- About advantages and disadvantages of insulation
- Warming inside or outside?
- Types of insulation
- Ways of insulation of walls
- Method of intervent insulation of house
- Thermal insulation of walls of wooden house with penofol
Most of us dream of resting far from city vanity not only in summer, but also during the cold season. Rest in a wooden house in winter is unlikely to work, because in such houses there is no central heating. That is why the insulation of the walls of a wooden house is considered very relevant.
Many believe that if a house is built of natural wood, then it should not be insulated. On the contrary, it like brick, requires the insulation of the walls, because the wood can not provide a good level of heat protection.
At warming of walls outside of a wooden house owners will receive a maximum of comfort. And if the house is protected by temperature drops, then its operational life will be much higher.
With a positive decision to warm the house, many people have questions - starting with what kind of insulation to give preference, what materials to choose and how to do their own work on the insulation of a wooden house.
On the advantages and disadvantages of insulation
Often, when it comes to the insulation of wooden houses, the experts advise warming the house from the outside.
This is due to a number of reasons:
- the internal area of the house does not decrease;
- wooden bar is protected from the effects of precipitation, as well as from temperature changes;
- through the layer of insulation material, moisture can freely circulate and exit;
- inside the house will remain the unique aroma and texture of the natural building material.
From the shortcomings of the insulation of internal walls of wooden houses, experts note the following:
- the area of premises inside the house becomes smaller;
- between a heater and a wooden wall in a cool time condensation often accumulates;
- if the heater is not positioned correctly, the wall will be in a cold atmosphere - which means that afterwards it will start to crack and the wood will crack.
In addition, warm wooden houses need according to a certain technology. So, insulation materials should be located on such a principle - "to remove moisture from the inside - out".Therefore, the first layer of insulation must be vapor-insulating, so that the room does not get a flow of moist air.
After laying the first layer, you should install the second one - heat-insulating. It will help to keep warm air inside the house. The third layer - waterproof, will retain moisture and will let steam through.
Warming inside or out?
Before starting work, you need to decide how to warm the house - inside or outside. Warming of the walls of a wooden house from the inside is recommended to be carried out if the owner of a wooden house does not want the walls to lose their natural appearance. But with this method it is necessary to remember that the main wall, which is under the heater, will stay in a zone of low temperature. In this case, there is a high probability that condensate will appear between the heater and the wall, which can promote the reproduction of mold fungi.
In addition, it is worth paying attention to how the wooden bar is laid inside the premises. If the circular floors are not closely adjacent to the wall, then in these places you can not install a heater. The language of builders refers to this term as "cold bridges".In these places, heat will be lost very quickly, and the heat loss coefficient often exceeds the heat values along the entire perimeter of the wall.
With external insulation of a wooden house, it is possible to obtain an even temperature distribution over the entire wall area. The choice of thermal insulation materials influences the temperature regime and the accumulation of moisture. So, dense materials will not let water vapor inside the room. Light and porous must be installed outside. If the wall is insulated from the outside and high-quality materials, then this will allow obtaining high thermal insulation properties.
Types of insulation
Popular types of insulation of wooden houses:
- Mineral wool.
- Ecowool.
- Polyfoam.
- Penofol.
Minvata is an easy, fast and relatively inexpensive insulation.
Advantages of mineral wool:
- does not burn;
- holds the heat well;
- is soft;
- flexible;
- just to stack;
- withstands large temperature changes.
For the insulation of wooden houses from the outside, the owners often use mineral wool. It is available in several versions: mats, plates and rolls.
This material fills all voids well. First, a frame is formed, which is filled with roll wool. In addition, it is not necessary to fasten the minivat to the load-bearing framework, it will hold well.
On top of the heater you can lay a new board and if you want to make the siding of the house siding.
Ecowool consists of antiseptic and natural fiber - cellulose. It successfully withstands the test with severe frosts and strong winds.
Among the advantages of this insulation are:
- ecological compatibility;
- prevents mold formation;
- this material will not gnaw mice and other rodents;
- is used to insulate the room from the outside;
- the wall under the heater "breathes";
- material does not burn, but only smolder, while not releasing toxins.
Styrofoam covers the inner walls of houses. To warm this material wooden walls outside the house experts do not recommend, because the foam does not let air through. Therefore, when the walls are warmed inside a wooden house, condensation, mold mushrooms may appear, and the tree will become rotted. When the walls of a wooden house are insulated with foam plastic, a frame is first installed from the slats to provide an air layer, and then foam plates are fixed( the thickness of one slab is five centimeters) using special solutions or fasteners.
Ways of wall insulation
In this photo you can see the order of warming the walls of the house from the outside:
The sequence of works is as follows:
- Steam insulation. This layer will allow ventilation under the film. If the facade of the house is made of a round log, then the material can be fastened directly to the tree, but large gaps will be formed. If the surface is smooth, then it is nailed by slats( the thickness of the wooden slats is two and a half centimeters).The distance between each staff should be about one meter. For steam insulation it is necessary to prepare a roofing material, foil and special film. The materials are attached to wooden slats, providing openings at the top and bottom for free flow of air. The diameter of the holes is two centimeters. Attention! In places where nails or staples are fastened, additional sealing is necessary.
- For the construction of a wooden frame a wooden board with a width of ten centimeters and a thickness of not more than five centimeters is used. The boards should be nailed vertically at a distance of one to two centimeters from each other. So you can prevent the formation of voids and cracks.
- Laying the thermal insulation layer. If as a heater you have chosen an eco-wool, then an additional application of the blowing machine is required, which will allow to apply the material on the wall evenly. Remember that in this case, laying the vapor barrier film is not needed. When using plates, they should be densely laid in a wooden frame. To achieve this, you should choose semi-rigid plates, the density of which is one hundred and twenty kilograms per one cubic meter. To ensure a tight fit of the material, it is necessary to lay the plates in a "checkerboard" order.
- Laying the waterproofing layer. To do this, you need to buy a vapor-proof film that will pass steam, but do not let it get on the heater. The film is installed in the same way as the installation of the vapor barrier layer. After the completion of the work, it is necessary to install boards that will allow the condensate that falls on the waterproofing layer to evaporate. In this case, you can use wooden slats with a thickness of two to three centimeters, a width of five centimeters.
To provide additional protection against insects and rodents, it is necessary to install a fine-mesh metal mesh. And in the case of laying mineral wool, this condition must be fulfilled.
After the work on the external insulation of the wooden house, you should determine the external skin. You can top the wooden boards, a lining made of pine or oak. At the same time, the natural building material must be treated and varnished.
The method of intergenerational insulation of the house
The intervent insulation insulator improves the thermal insulation of the house, protects against damage, and also extends the life of the wooden house. A distinctive feature of this type of insulation is that it must be laid between the wooden beams in the process of building a new house.
For insulation use tape insulation. It consists of a natural material - flax, which perfectly combines with wood, and at low temperatures does not lose its properties.
Among the advantages of this type of insulation is that the natural material is able to fill the unevenness of the logs. If the voids are large, then in this case you can put two layers of insulation. You can also fill the gaps that appear when installing windows and doors.
Advantages of the material:
- has soundproofing properties;
- is moisture resistant;
- does not rot;
- does not form mold;
- is elastic;
- has high strength.
Among the shortcomings noted the high cost of insulation. In addition, if the house is located in a region with a harsh climate, in this case, one natural insulation will be insufficient and it is necessary to further insulate the internal walls with foam or penofol.
Thermal insulation of wooden house walls with penofol
Penofol is a multilayered material that belongs to the class of reflective insulation. It consists of a polished foil( up to ninety-seven percent reflection) and the base. The base can be of different density and structure.
The thickness of the standard material can vary from two to ten millimeters. In severe climatic conditions it is necessary to use foam foam 40 mm thick.
The principle of the heater is similar to that of a thermos. In the winter it will be warm, and in the summer - it's cool. And the material will not detain the heat that is inside the room, but will reflect it.
Advantages of insulation:
- environmentally friendly material;
- material is thin, so there will be no climbing of additional space when the walls are insulated from the inside;
- does not require additional laying of vapor barrier materials;
- does not absorb moisture;
- has noise-insulating properties;
- is convenient to transport;
- is not "interesting" to rodents;
- has certification - the conclusion of the sanitary and epidemiological station.
Of the shortcomings, experts note the softness of the material, so it can not be laid under the plaster or fastened under the wallpaper. It is very difficult to fasten ordinary penofol( the exception is a material with a self-adhesive film) directly onto the wall itself.
The material is fastened to the wooden frame using a furniture stapler. If you overlap the sheets, you can get the opposite effect and additional accumulation of steam on the walls of the premises.
When laying the insulation outside the wooden house, it is necessary to prepare an air cushion, consisting of a wooden frame and a metal one. After laying penofol on the surface, you should make the lining of the building siding or other suitable material.
How to perform the insulation of the walls of a wooden house, look at this video:
