If the concept of "foundation" is well known to many, then on grillage it is necessary to dwell in more detail. The grillage is called the upper part of the foundation on the pillars, which allows to unite individual pillars into a single whole.
Weak soil is a direct indication for construction using a foundation with grillage. This type of foundation allows you to distribute the load from the building to those layers of soil that are denser and lie deeper. On weakly patchy and sandy soils, without a foundation with grillage can not do. Preliminary examination of the site, which gives an opinion about what type of foundation - columnar and tape - is worth applying. The preparation and construction of these types of building foundations differ slightly. But, if the decision is made to apply a foundation such as "columnar foundation", grillage will also be. See also the article about the columnar foundation with your own hands.
Column foundation with
grating Features of column foundation
This type of foundation is characterized by the orderly installation of special supports - pillars, which are located where the main bearing walls of the future building intersect. To ensure the interaction of the pillars, they are held together by the randalkami. The resulting horizontal base forms a grillage.
The columnar type includes the foundation-monolith. In this case, the piles are poured with concrete with pre-placed rods-reinforcement. The arrangement of the bearing beams in relation to each other is 150-250 cm, the structure is one-piece. If the columns are located at a distance of up to 3 meters from each other, a grinder can be made by a rand ball( usually a reinforced monolith).
Areas of application of the "columnar" type foundation
piling and foundation foundation Most often, this type of foundation with a grill is used:
- for the construction of brick walls, if it is necessary to lay a deep base( from 150-200 cm).Staircase foundation will be much more expensive;
- in cases where frost heaving is possible;
- in construction, where the basement / basement floor is not provided, non-heavy construction materials are used;
- in those situations where there is not too deep drawdown of columns;
Benefits of using a foundation with a columnar column
- It is easy to calculate the cost of such a foundation: it is usually about 15-18 percent of the total amount pledged for construction. Other types, it happens, "hold out" and up to a third of the cost of construction;
- The column foundation with grillage is easier to construct than other types of bases;
- Soil works much more efficiently under a column or column than, for example, under a tape base, that is, the columns are lowered. Increasing the load on the foundation, while reducing the characteristics of the area of its supports, leads to a cheaper construction. In case the soil freezes deeply, it is better to use reinforced concrete, prefabricated and even monolithic structures. These types of supports are almost not affected by changes in position due to frost( so-called punching).
Where the foundation is not applied to the
- pillars When there is a horizontal oscillation of the soils, it is necessary to perform the grillage so massive that it will negatively affect the construction budget.
- And the soil, which has poorly expressed properties with respect to its ability to serve as a foundation for a foundation, is also not an option for using a columnar foundation( wet clay rocks, sandy soils and peat soils).
- At the construction site, where there is a height difference. Under the difference is meant the difference between the foundation level of 2 and more meters.
Arrangement of the column foundation
The grillage on the pillar base is installed after the device of the waterproofing and water protection, manufactured with the help of reinforced concrete plate or monolith. This "pillow" complements the supporting elements, helping to prevent the pressing of the ground.
Clay soils suggest the creation of a sand cushion.
