Gable roof - user guide

Device and elements of the gable roof

The gable roof consists of two inclined planes called skates, connected in the area of ​​the ridge and located at an angle to each other. This angle is called the angle of the roof, it affects the functionality, the mechanical characteristics of the roof and the choice of roofing. From the end sides of the slope form triangles. They are called the roof gables.

The "skeleton" of the roof, its skeleton, consists of the following elements:

1. Mauerlat is a support beam laid on the top of the opposite walls of the structure and conveying the load from the roof to the walls of the house. On the Mauerlat the beams of the ceiling or the rafter legs rest - it depends on the type of the roof. The role of the Mauerlat in the wooden house usually plays the upper crown of the log house, in the stone structure of the Mauerlat are fastened to the upper row of the masonry with the help of anchor bolts. The material used for the Mauerlate is a bar made of dry coniferous wood with a section of 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm.
2. Rafting legs are designed to form a "triangle" of the roof - they are installed in pairs on both sides of the roof and join in the area of ​​the ridge, forming a rafter system. The rafters form the main roof contour, the step of their installation depends on the geometric dimensions and type of roofing, and also on the calculated snow and wind load. Usually it is in the range of 60-120 cm. Material - edged board with a thickness of at least 50 mm, coniferous species. To increase the strength of the board put on the butt.
3. Racks - supports designed to support the truss system. Racks are installed vertically in the area of ​​the ridge, with a roof width of more than 8 meters is also installed in the gap between the ridge and the cornice. They are made of a bar 100x100 mm150x150 mm.
4. Runs - horizontally laid bar, designed to support the truss system. Runs are supported by racks and run parallel to the Mauerlat. The material is 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm.
5. Tightening bar, laid horizontally perpendicular to the mauerlat. Its purpose is to fasten the rafters, the tightening does not allow the design to diverge in different directions. The cross-section of the beam is the same as that of the Mauerlat.
6. A ladder is a horizontal support bar located on the inner supporting wall. On it the racks supporting a rafter system are established. The material is 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm.
7. Braces - inclined supports, installed at a certain angle to the rafters and connecting the rafters to the truss - a rigid structure capable of withstanding significant loads. The struts are set to a tightening or a leg and are made of a board of 50x150 mm or 100x150 mm.
8. Roof roofing - a system of boards or a bar, and sometimes of plywood, on which the roofing of the chosen type is laid. The design of the battens and its pitch depend on the rigidity of the roofing.

Elements of the gable roof

The presence of certain elements in the "skeleton" of the roof depends on its type and geometric dimensions. The rafter system of a gable roof can be of two types: stitched and hanging. The rafters of the nylon type are supported by the upper end on the ridge bar, or the run laid on the rack, and the lower one by the Mauerlat. In wooden buildings, the combination of rafters and mauerlat is performed sliding, to avoid deformation of the roof when shrinking the house. Hanging rafters are supported in the upper part against each other, and in the lower - on the beams overlapping or tightening. To add extra rigidity, the truss is pulled together by a bolt and struts are installed.

Variants of roofs with layered and suspended rafters

Installation of gable roof with layered rafters

1. On the outer walls on the long side of the building lay a Mauerlat - bar cross-section 100x100 or 150h150 mm. Mauerlatt is fastened to the wall on the anchor bolts, leveling the bar along the inner side of the wall. It is necessary to place a double layer of roofing felt or another roll waterproofing under the timber. On the inner supporting wall, in the same way, a cantilever is placed - a bar of the same cross-section as the Mauerlat, parallel to it.
2. On the Mauerlat and the left lay the joists from the board 50x150 mm with a step equal to the calculated step of the rafters - from 60 to 120 cm. On the beams are laid a temporary rough floor of any boards strong enough to walk on them. The boards for safety of movement are fixed with usual nails.
3. The legs are supported from a beam of 100x150 mm racks, in increments of 1.5-2 meters. They are leveled by means of a level and a plumb and temporarily fixed with jigs - any suitable boards. The jigs are placed at an angle in two directions, so that the posts are securely fastened. Racks are fixed to the bed with the help of 150 mm nails and metal corners.
4. On the racks lay a ridge beam, or run, section of 100x150 mm. It is fixed in a similar way: on nails and corners. If the length of the ridge is greater than the standard length of the beam, it is joined to the stand, fastened with additional metal plates and staples.
   

   Installing the ridge beam

5. The rafters are made of a board with a thickness of at least 50 mm. First, a template is applied: apply a board to the ridge beam at the level of the extreme post and to the Mauerlat, mark out and saw out the cuts. The depth of the saw should not exceed 1/3 of the width of the board. If the length of the rafters allows, leave the overhangs of the roof at least 0.3 m. The resulting template is applied to both roof slats at the level of all the joists, and if you do not need to adjust the dimensions, immediately saw out the necessary number of rafters.
6. Fasten the rafters over the ridge beam to each other using metal plates and nails, as well as to a bar - each rafter for two nails. To the Mauerlat the rafters are fastened with metal staples. Staples before clogging are turned out so that their sharp ends are turned perpendicularly and are driven by one point into the rafters, the other into the mauerlat.
   

   Scheme for fastening the rafters

7. With a roof width of more than 8 meters, it is necessary to install struts. They are made of edging boards and set at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizon. Each brace reinforces the struts. The lower part of the strut rests against the knee, for this purpose the board is put under the chosen angle to the platform, mark and perform the wash, fasten the pile with nails. The upper edge of the hinge rests against the rafters, it is fastened to the rafters with nails using metal plates.
   

   Installation of struts for the roof

8. If the length of the rafters does not allow to provide overhangs of the roof, the fillets are fastened to the rafters - the boards continuing them and protruding beyond the edges of the roof. From the end faces make cornice filly, perpendicular to the rafters. Mares are made from the same board as the rafters, fasten them to nails 100-150 mm. They are trimmed as necessary and nailed by the cornice and wind strips, after which they begin to perform the crate.
   

   Options for roofing roofing

Construction of gable roof with hanging rafters

1. Install the Mauerlatt in the same way as a roof with a layered rafters. Since in the system with hanging rafters on the Mauerlat, also the bursting forces act, it is additionally fixed from the inside by a metal plate.
   

   Scheme of fastening of the Mauerlat

2. Rafting legs are made of a board with a thickness of at least 50 mm. First, the template is executed. Apply the board at the right angle to the Mauerlat and mark the line of the cut. Do it more conveniently together.
   

   Installation of rafters

3. On the ceilings, temporary stands are installed, and on them - a ridge board 50 mm thick. The posts are strengthened with temporary jocks, having previously leveled them. On the ridge board mark the top slice of the template.
4. Apply a sawed pattern of the rafter leg at several points. If you do not need to adjust the dimensions, you can start making this rafter pattern. Their number depends on the selected step.
5. Install the rafters on the Mauerlat, resting them with a saw, and fasten the nails to the corners. To the ridge board rafters are fastened simply on nails - thanks to the rafter rest they reliably stand on the mauerlat.
6. Install the puffs from the board of the same cross section. They are placed on rafters, fixed with nails and drilled through hole, through which the boards are fixed to each other by bolts or studs.
   

   Installation of puffs

7. Remove temporary racks. Since the hanging rafters end at the level of the Mauerlat, they are fixed by the filly forming the overhangs of the roof. After this, you can begin to sew gables, fix windshields and curtain rails, crate, insulate and roof covering.

Photo of the roof from the inside

For small buildings, usually choose a roof with a suspension system of rafters - it is easier to perform, has fewer elements, therefore, is cheaper.

The reliability of this roof is very high with the correct calculation of the load. Raised rafters of the nylon type withstand heavy loads, so they are more often used in houses with a mansard floor and insulated roof.

Video - gable roof with your own hands