Calculation of beams
"How to calculate the load on the beam with the help of the program?" - this question is set by each newcomer who first encountered this problem. Below is a step-by-step calculation instruction:
- First of all, you need to select in the calculator the design in which the beams will be used. In this case, it is necessary to remember the limitation of the indicators: in the rafter system the maximum permissible length is 13 meters, and in the overlapping - 12 meters;
- then indicates the maximum span of beams overlap, and in the case of rafters - the maximum distance between the supports;
- records the distance through which the beam is planned to be installed. When specifying a decimal value, use a period rather than a comma as the number separator. For example, the number is 0.7 m;
- fixes the calculated load per square meter( in kilograms).The standard design load on the rafter system is 220 kg / m2, and on the overlapping - 400 kg / m2;
- , the last one indicates the angle of the rafters( in degrees).
All data must be accurate, not approximate, otherwise the calculation will be incorrect.
Calculation of beams by own forces
This paragraph considers a more economical option that will suit any home. At present, the wooden beam ceiling is the most popular in construction. This is because such beams are easily manufactured and installed. In order to calculate the load on them, you must use a ruler, plane and calculator.
So, taking all that is necessary, you can start the execution of the sequential actions specified in the instructions below:
- first, calculate the bending strength of the section, taking into account the ratio( 5: 7), that is, at a beam height of 7 meters, the width will be 5 meters;
- secondly, find out the deflection of the beam, relying on a ratio of 1: 200 or 1: 300 of its total length;
- third, the beam must be trimmed with a plane so that it is shaped like an arch. Due to this, the lowering of the ceiling downwards in the form of a "bubble" is excluded.
- Fourth, it is necessary to take into account the weight of the beam itself, which also creates some load.
Important! The step of the installation of the beams must coincide with the step of installing the racks of the frame.
Wooden beams of the floors of the house
The use of beams is the most economical option for installing floor slabs at home. Such beams are easy to manufacture and mount, they have a low conductivity of heat compared to reinforced concrete or steel.
Wooden beams also have a number of drawbacks, such as the need for large cross sections due to the low mechanical strength of this material, as well as low fire resistance, resistance to the harmful effects of microorganisms and termites, so they must be carefully treated with flame retardants and antiseptics.
Currently, the market for building materials can buy beams from glued beams, which have a vertical or horizontal arrangement of lamellas, as well as I-beam wooden glued beams, which can be combined with OSB.To this list, you can add wood and metal beams overlapping, and spatial wooden beams.
