It is possible to emphasize the decoration of your own house with your own hands by making a railing for a ladder made of wood.
At the same time, wooden fences are more accessible material than, for example, forged ones.
Fences consist of balusters and handrails.
Baluster is a decorative fence post on which the handrail is held.
Another important element should be called a cabinet, the installation of which is made at the end or beginning of the staircase.
Contents:
- What materials are used?
- Device features
- Baluster manufacture
- Handrail manufacturing
- Connection of elements
- Options for making rails
What materials are used?
The most durable and durable are beech, oak, ash. The price for this material is quite high.
More accessible materials are pine, spruce, larch, that is, conifers, the wood of which is softer.
Hardwoods. The peculiarity of such trees is that in comparison with the previous ones they are the softest, they can be used, but they can give a big shrinkage.
It is very important that when making the fence the wood is dry, maximum humidity of 10-18 percent is permissible.
If this condition is not observed, the whole structure unit may become deformed and begin to crack.
Also popular are forged staircases or a combination of wrought iron handrails and wooden stairs. See photo.
Photo:
Features of the
For convenience when climbing or descending from a ladder, the height of the structure is set at 90-100 cm.
When installing by yourself, do not forget that this is the height of the entire structure, that is, taking into account the tread.
The thickness of the balusters depends on the length of the ladder: the bigger it is, the bigger and thicker the racks.
The manufacture of all elements of the ladder implies the use of one tree species. Thus, the possibility of deformation of the structure is excluded.
Before proceeding with the installation of the ladder enclosure, it is necessary to make calculations, to compile an estimate of materials. The number of balusters depends on the length of the structure and the step.
The distance between the posts should not exceed 20 cm, otherwise a small child will be able to climb, which will lead to an accident, and the height of the enclosure should be convenient for an adult.
Making balusters
If you want to make the rails completely with your own hands, you need to get a lathe:
- Making starts with the drawing, all the details are better numbered, so that later you do not make mistakes;
- Further on the sizes of the future balusters boards are adjusted, then they are grinded on the machine tool, take shape;
- When creating a design with their own hands, there may be difficulties in fixing, the reason is inexperience, so it is better to make blanks slightly more than necessary;
- You can make a circular part by first forming it in the form of an octagon;
- To ensure that the posts are beautiful, they use the incisors to form the required shape according to the drawing;
- Fastening balusters is most reliable on spikes, so a small hole is drilled from above;
- At the end of the work all wooden products are thoroughly ground.
Manufacture of handrails
The device of a handrail assumes presence of hand-rail, which you need to do correctly, observing the technology:
- The handrail is created from a wooden bar with a section equal to the cross-section of balusters, the dimensions of which should not be less than 6 cm. It is important that the surface of the product is rounded;
- If the dimensions of the staircase are small, one board with a size of 1.5 m is suitable for making the handrails;
- The future handrail needs to be machined on a lathe, then sanded;
- For simplification of fastening of balusters to a handrail, in the last it is possible to make special grooves.
There is another option for making handrails using glue, it is more suitable for a spiral staircase.
In general, this method consists in gluing boards one on another, previously ground, you can use the Bulgarian.
The basis of the future fencing will be plywood. It is attached to the railing, and paper is placed on the paint tape.
The base is removed afterwards, and the paper is needed to ensure that the main material does not adhere to the plywood sheet. The dimensions of the base and the railing must match.
The finishing layer is laid by hands on the basis, which must be fixed with clamps.
An edge saw cuts boards for a more dense stowage. This procedure is carried out along the entire length of the structure.
Video:
The second finishing layer is laid in the same way, the boards are also cut, with the seams of the second layer overlapping the first 5 cm seams.
Next, fix both layers with adhesive using PVA.At the same time, the glue consumption should be small, otherwise it will be visible at the joints.
To distribute glue on the surface is more convenient brush, which you need to store in a container of water.
It is necessary to provide a tight connection to each other clamps, you can use wooden bars, which are attached to self-tapping screws.
Assembly of the handrail continues in the same way. The height of the handrail as a whole and the height of the handrail are aligned with the number of layers.
The process of gluing the handrail is laborious. It is necessary to take the time to ensure that all layers are dried, this can take about 12 hours or more.
After drying, all joints are processed, polished, excess edges are cut off. The finished railing is machined with a milling machine with a semicircular nozzle.
The base is carefully removed, the screws are unscrewed. Ready handrails are attached to the rails through the holes formed. You need to install the construction strictly in the center.
Connection of
elements After the handrails, balusters, pedestals have been prepared, all the elements are assembled together.
Installation must be strong, allowing for the safety and beauty of the structure.
The nodes of the wooden ladder are used for reliable fastening. They provide the connection of steps and balusters, and when properly handled, they avoid creaking.
Nodes are also used when it is necessary to connect the carved part of the handrail with the curved "butt joint".Installation, in fact, very simple.
Video:
Upon completion of fixing the whole structure, it is necessary to puttying. Thus, all irregularities and defects are removed. After this, the fences are polished using a small pencil.
Further decorative coating is applied - it can be varnish or paint, depending on the interior created.
Options for the manufacture of handrails
We have considered the classical installation of staircases.
Railings are made depending on the interior, such as stairs: screw or march, material: forged, wooden, plastic, glass.
The design of the spiral staircase is notable for its compactness. The installation also does not contain anything complicated.
As in the classical method, it is also necessary to install two types of balusters on the steps: large ones on the corners, small ones on the steps.
At the tops of small racks, the angle of the staircase is marked and cut off. From the bottom it is necessary to drill a hole whose height depends on the size of the dowel.
Dowels should be installed on a spiral staircase, you can add glue for strength. Next, the installation of balusters and handrails.
For a spiral staircase, you need to create a curved bowstring. You can do it yourself. To do this, the wooden blank is soaked in boiling water to make it soft.
Then the workpiece is fixed in the required position and dried. The railing can also be forged. Then all the elements of the spiral staircase are connected.
Forged railing is increasingly found in the interiors of country houses.
Photo:
They are used for both screw and ordinary march stairs. Forged rails and wooden staircases - the combination is beautiful, here the main thing is to ensure a correct and reliable connection.
With this design, the groove system and the mounting glue are used. You can also use a system of special fasteners and screws.
When wood is combined with forged balusters, it is necessary to treat the connection with anti-corrosion agents. Creating forged fences requires certain skills and tools.
It will be difficult to make them independently, the installation will also require effort, but it should not be forgotten that forged or metal products must be treated against corrosion.
