With the help of a small extension to a private house, you can not only change its appearance, but also solve a number of everyday tasks by expanding the useful area of the building. When erecting verandas, various materials, schemes( for example, open type or closed), design solutions are used.
Obviously, the location of the house on the site, as well as its orientation relative to the sides of the world, can be different. But there are some general recommendations for building extensions to the house with their own hands( terraces, verandas), which should be known and, if possible, implemented in practice.
What to take into account
Composability of materials. There is such a thing in construction, and this is due, above all, to the temperature expansion. Therefore, it is desirable to use the same building materials for building a veranda or terrace as for a house. For example, combinations of brick( house) + wood( veranda) - not the best option.
Appointment of the extension.
It can be used in different ways - as a "tambour" through which the entrance to the building is made;as a summer canteen, a winter garden, a greenhouse( and the entrance to the building may be in another place) - there are many options. Based on this, and determine the optimal size of the extension. Concerning its length, opinions diverge.In the context of this, it is necessary to determine how the veranda will be used - only in season or year-round? Proceeding from this, the question of the degree of its warming and the expediency of laying the heating circuit( with connection to the common house) or the installation of autonomous heating devices( for example, IR heaters, reflectors, etc.) is being solved.
Type of foundation. As a continuation of the previous paragraph - it is necessary to determine its optimal option. This largely depends on the expected load and soil characteristics. Given that the extension is made on the already lived-in site, it is advisable to stop the choice on the pile or columnar foundation. Thus, the volume of excavation can be minimized, and without risking damage to plantations and utilities, laid on the territory and suitable for the building.
Construction order
We will omit design and material procurement questions. Partially this has already been said, but about other features of the preparatory measures - a little lower. Therefore, we will start immediately with construction work.
Layout of the platform under the veranda
Before starting the construction of the foundation, it is necessary to clarify the laying of all communication routes( water supply, electricity / cable and so on).After that, points are marked in which the supports will be placed. The scheme of their arrangement is simple - in the corners of the extension, in the places of its adjoining to the walls of the house, and also every 1.5 - 2 m along the perimeter of the veranda.
Site preparation
It is necessary to remove the top layer of the earth along the whole contour( pegs + cord) to a depth of about 15 cm. This will allow to get rid of the root system of vegetation and prevent its development under the extension floor. In the resulting "excavation" it is advisable to pour sand-gravel mixture( PGS, small gravel) and well tamper. But this is done after the installation of supports.
Foundation of the foundation
As we have already found out, the tape foundation does not make sense to mount. What can be used as supports?
- Screw piles( the cost is about 1,400 rubles / piece).
- Pillars of brickwork( quite troublesome and expensive).
- Large diameter pipes - metal or asbestos-cement. In addition, their vertical reinforcement( 3 - 4 bars) with filling the cavity with concrete solution with filler of fine fractions is produced.
- Logs or beams. Wood, except impregnation with special compounds( fire retardants + antiseptics), will have to be coated with liquid tar. But even with this treatment, the life of the supports will be limited.
Depending on the selected material, the poles are additionally concreated at the bottom. Feature - it is necessary to provide how to attach a supporting frame of the veranda to them. The reliability of its fixation depends on the stability of the entire structure. To do this, mount the head( on screw piles, pipes) or in concrete( along the longitudinal axis of the column) the metal pin is immured.
Grill
Many people neglect it by erection, and completely in vain.
Firstly, , if the grillage is not mounted, then a garbage dump is formed quite quickly under the veranda. Smells( as a result of the decay process), coming from below, are unlikely to please the owners.
Secondly , the floors on this terrace will always be cold.
How to equip the grillage with minimal costs, you can read here.
Often, the owners in this fence prudently leave a hole( as an option - they put a small door).What is not a dwelling for a mongrel? A booth from the territory can be removed.
Support frame
For its installation, as a rule, pre-machined beams are used - the most reliable option. In each sample holes are drilled in advance, into which, after installing them in place, the pins fixed in the supports will enter. This will prevent the workpieces from shifting during operation.
Frame
Its assembly consists in the installation of support pillars, which serve as a "skeleton" for the whole further construction. Sometimes long logs are taken, which serve simultaneously as supports of the base, and "ribs" of the frame. But this is only suitable for light extensions, which are used only in the warm season.
What to use in the process of erecting a veranda, is decided by the owner, proceeding from material possibilities and general design. Typically, for the construction of the veranda is wood, but there are structures of pipes( for the frame), which are covered with plastic( for example, sheets of polycarbonate).
Accordingly, depending on the idea of the master, the windows and doorways( for example, from the street and into the inner courtyard) are arranged.
The upper casing of the supports is made from the calculation of the laying of this or that roofing material. Consequently, it is mounted either a crate( cellular) or a continuous flooring. It can be used MDF, chipboard, thick( multi-layer) plywood. The only thing to consider is the steepness of the slope. It must be at least 40.
Roofing
The only thing that should be noted is that it should be equipped with the same type of products used in the construction of the house.
Practical recommendations
If it is a private structure, and not a modest cottage house, then the extension should be legalized, that is, to complete all the documents put on it. Life presents us with various surprises, and it is not a fact that the owner will not make a decision about selling a house( renting, donating, etc.) after a while. And here all the "alterations", not reflected in the building passport, will come to light. What are the problems with this, list for a long time. Suffice it to say that they will be large and in monetary terms very painful. Only one fine, given its size, will permanently spoil the mood and will tangibly hit your pocket.
Therefore, you have to order the project. This does not imply the obligatory conclusion of a contract with a specialized organization for construction itself, since all work is easily performed independently. But the technical documentation should be prepared by professionals, by all the rules.
It is not recommended to join the foundations of the house and the extension into a single structure. The reason is simple - different weight structures. Consequently, the shrinkage will also be different.
All wood blanks must be well impregnated. In the private sector, used as an antiseptic is often used waste engine oil, and not purchased formulations - the effect is almost the same.
