Permanent formwork of polystyrene foam: robust construction

Classical variant forms for foundations and walls in buildings is a timing monolithic structure which is made of wood and chipboard. Permanent formwork from expanded polystyrene - an alternative method of construction, which does not include the presence of waste. This design increases the strength of the building and increase its energy efficiency by acting as insulation. However, such a material has some features that can not be ignored.

Advantages of permanent shuttering of polystyrene foam

Manufacturers of this material indicate the set of its advantages compared with conventional formwork embodiments. These benefits need to know every person who has decided to use a kind of permanent structures made of expanded polystyrene.

The advantage of this permanent formwork material primarily lies in the fact that such a construction has auxiliary functions. The main of them - the organization shapes for walls and monolithic building foundation. Due to its physical qualities of expanded polystyrene is a good insulator. This is a very important feature, because this type of formwork can not be removed after the concrete pour.

If you use boards for formwork, they are subject to removal. Wood is not a heat insulator, therefore, polystyrene blocks are considered a good investment. Permanent formwork of this material allows easier to construct a concrete structure. Moreover, this building retains 30-35% more heat than an analogue structure with red brick. Thus, the use of polystyrene allows to reduce the costs of other materials from which holds the foundation or the wall.

Alternative forms of polystyrene foam is a plastic formwork. The price of such a construction is slightly higher, but it has a more reliable strength. Fixed plastic parts can be purchased at the hardware store, or arrange their order via the Internet.

Another advantage of these forms is that they protect the concrete from moisture. In winter, it is especially important. As a result, due to the polystyrene foam blocks, and service life of the foundation walls is increased by approximately 20%. Quite often this fact encourages people to use a formwork for the construction of the house. Styrofoam performed different (shape and size) elements.

Note! Construction of buildings using polystyrene forms reduces the financial costs by about a third.

Price slab formwork made of polystyrene foam, is generally a determining factor in its choice. However, the most useful property of such forms is that their use allows to keep the concrete structure at low temperatures (not lower than +5 ° C). Concrete hardens in this case, in the normal mode, which has a positive effect on its quality after hardening.

In turn, the pouring of concrete material in a wooden form gives a completely different result. In such formworks (at low temperatures) concrete hardens faster, and its structure is disturbed.

Permanent formwork of polystyrene foam: Design flaws

Such designs have their drawbacks. Some of them are quite significant. For example, one of the most serious disadvantages is the fact that the building made with the help of a formwork, is not subject to restructuring. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the design in advance. In addition, all communications, which are located in the building, must be laid at the construction stage.

The house of permanent shuttering is performed subject to certain rules, observe that it is very important to get a solid construction, resistant to adverse environmental factors. The blocks made of polystyrene, require careful installation. It is very important to observe the leak, since otherwise the voids will penetrate moisture.

Another disadvantage of this technology is the construction of residential buildings that form of expanded polystyrene can not be used at temperatures below 5 ° C. In such a situation concrete simply will not harden. In hot weather concrete requires additional moisture, since otherwise it hardens correctly.

It should also be noted that the blocks of permanent shuttering manufactured from polystyrene, prevent normal ventilation of the concrete structure. Solving the problem in this case consists in the installation of a ventilation communication. This system will provide the necessary forced ventilation, while maintaining high efficiency permanent structure.

Types of fixed formwork depending on the manufacturing material

Before starting the installation, you need to examine the various options of fixed formwork, which can be purchased today on the construction market. The main feature of which there is a classification of these products, - the manufacture of the material. The choice of raw material depends on the complexity of the future building and its specific features. Consider some of the raw material most often performed for concrete forms.

Styrofoam. Many people are interested in the question of what is polystyrene. This material is a standard feedstock that is used in the manufacture of fixed formwork. Second name Styrofoam - a gas-filled foam. It is characterized by a number of positive qualities that determine the popularity of the use of molds made from it.

Helpful information! Expanded polystyrene has a rather high strength characteristics and provides reliable thermal insulation of concrete.

Arbolit. This material comprises two main components: wood shavings and concrete. Individual elements of the permanent formwork arbolita represented blocks. They have empty spaces, which during assembly are reinforced and poured a solution. The advantage of this feed is that it has high strength. Acoustic quality arbolita are also his forte. Of the disadvantages of the material used to make the formwork, it may be mentioned low and high thermal insulation value.

Fiberboard. This material, like the previous one, consists of two components. The first of them is wood chips, which provides a fibrous structure of individual elements of such a formwork. The second component is an inorganic binder. The main advantage of such a formwork - resistance to temperature fluctuations.

Schepotsement. Such a material is considered less popular than the above embodiments of fixed formwork. schepotsementa mount technology has its own nuances. Of the advantages of this material is to provide a very good sound insulation and resistance to temperature fluctuations.

Economical option: permanent formwork of Penoplex

Today, there is a possibility of installation of permanent shuttering of the slabs Penoplex. This variant is quite common, as it allows significantly save finances when building a house. Penoplex is a material used for insulation and having good strength characteristics. This allows you to use it as a concrete form.

Penoplex plates have dimensions 60h100 see. The sizes of these products take precedence over the parameters of standard designs, made of expanded polystyrene. In order to install the formwork around the house of Penoplex, you must perform a correct calculation of the material. And it is also important to understand that such products do not have their own latching elements. Thus, it is necessary to devise a system mounts separate parts interconnected material prior to purchase.

Using Penoplex reduces the financial costs to a minimum. It is particularly felt if to compare them with the costs necessary for the construction of a standard design. Formwork telescopic racks, panels for walls and the use of plywood will cost considerably more expensive.

Helpful information!A common variant of the organization latching parts - the use of special connectors, which are equipped with a thread on the edges. Such elements are made of reinforcement. The main thing to remember - the installation of jumpers made between the plates Penoplex.

Such an embodiment of the structure is less expensive but nevertheless more complex because of the selection of clips. Price permanent formwork of polystyrene foam above, but it does not require the installation of overhead. If necessary, it can be purchased for slabs of Penoplex latches which are used during installation of EPS construction.

Fixed timbering from Styrofoam: Variety of structural parts

formwork elements can be of different design, which is caused by their operational purpose. To date, there are variants of these products manufactured from expanded polystyrene:

• panel;

• blocks (cast and prefabricated);
• skeletal system.

Systems relating to the frame are double-circuit designs, the walls between which an empty space is located. When assembling formwork is laid inside a reinforcement and filled with mortar. If you perform a cut of the finished wall, manufactured by this technology, we can be divided into three layers: two outer submitted formwork, and the average - a reinforced concrete.

The blocks of foam are divided into two major groups: cast and modular. During formwork assembly made the alignment of these elements in such a way that they are arranged on each other. Moreover, the encircling no mixture (e.g., adhesive) not used for docking. Wiring blocks is performed in a staggered manner.

Cast products also called fuser. This is due to the fact that they have a rather high density (up to 40 kg / m³). Features of the structure affect the thermal insulation characteristics. The block of this type consists of two sheets which are joined together by means of special jumpers. Assembling such parts and their individual connection elements are manufactured at the manufacturing stage. It should be noted that such structure has one drawback: they are pretty warmed slightly. This is due to the location of the insulation on the inside wall of the pie.

Dimensions of molded foam formwork blocks may be different. However, the conventional one considered articles having dimensions 1000h250h250 mm. The weight of such a block - usually about 1 kg. The thickness of the insulation disposed on both sides (outside) is 50 mm. Accordingly, the same component of the concrete layer will be 150 mm.

Related article:

Calculation of reinforcement for the foundation: how to make

As is performed for the belt slab and types. A detailed example of the calculation of the need for rebar for the foundation.

Insulation in the forms that are used for pouring concrete, may be different. The choice of the insulator material characteristics depend on the future structure. It is important to remember that such a layer usually has two main functions. The first of them - the formative and the second - for thermal insulation. Depending on the types of blocks and the value varies polystyrene. How much are the different types of forms? Pricing occurs with the construction as well as the thickness of the insulation layer.

Note! Not recommended for concreting over 3 rows. The ideal embodiment will laying of concrete in a number of 2.5, since in this case the seam will be located in the middle of the block.

National blocks of polystyrene formwork

Decking can be represented by precast elements, which differ from its cast structure and have some application features. Such blocks are composed of two sheets which are collected into a unitary structure prior to installation. It is important to note that such elements can be manufactured not only from expanded polystyrene, but also of other materials. The distance between 1 and 2, the sheet remains unchanged due to special component parts, which are called spacers.

Building a house of permanent formwork of this type has a number of features on which to focus. The main difference between modular forms is that their use allows the use of more than 3 layers in the walls. Wherein the combination of materials in this case plays no role, while the structure formed by using cast blocks require strict compliance with the sequence of materials. Insulation in such a situation will always be on the outside.

A common solution is a wall cake, which comprises two cladding layers of a rigid sheet material. Close to the outer sheet of this type is placed insulating material (polystyrene). The second layer in this situation is reinforced.

House project of permanent formwork made in advance. It shall contain all the necessary evidence about the design features, dimensions and individual decisions in accordance with the situation.

It should be noted that such forms have one significant advantage over cast counterparts. It is possible that if necessary, change the width of the inner cavity into which is placed a solution of reinforcement and poured. The change of the indicator is produced by applying spacers. If there is such a need, you can purchase a longer latching elements.

All costs need to enter in the budget the formwork. Device prices, the size of individual elements - all recommended in the pre-mark the wiring diagram.

Design features of modular forms affect the degree of wall heating. The absence of foam makes it possible to increase this figure. If necessary, collapsible design, used for the construction of buildings can be made with your own hands.

Installing formwork for strip foundation: Features of the installation

The most common type of foundation used in the self-construction of houses and other structures, - a belt. Before the beginning of the organization of such a base is necessary to carry out appropriate preparatory work. These include the development of the project and site preparation. In addition, the need to perform layout space allocated for the construction of the base.

formwork device for strip foundation is not very complex, but there are some nuances that need to know and follow. For example, it is recommended fill layers. The process itself takes place as follows: a cavity located in the block is filled with a solution of the concrete, leaving only wait for it to pour.

Helpful information! Organization of reinforcement is not a prerequisite. It fits in the event that there is a need to increase the strength characteristics of the design.

Tying valves runs inside the block elements. Dismantle the polystyrene is not necessary, as it will act as a heat insulator. It is important to remember that before pouring grout need to check the accuracy of the position of the shelves in a ditch.

If necessary, non-removable formwork for the foundation of the polystyrene is strengthened by additional elements. It is important to get the base of the correct geometry. Similar technology has many advantages. When using non-removable blocks made of polystyrene foam, the cost of organizing the foundation are reduced by at least third.

Formwork for monolithic foundation: Self-installation steps

After organizing the foundations of future construction, you can proceed to the installation of the formwork. This operation is conventionally divided into three stages: installation of blocks stud reinforcement and pouring the solution. Each step is performed in accordance with building regulations. During operation, it is necessary to observe safety precautions. Consider each step in more detail.

Installation blocks. Initially installed the first row of the form which will be used for pouring concrete. It should be noted that the installation is performed only on the waterproofed surface of the base. Formwork for foundation of Styrofoam must firmly fixed due to the reinforcement bars. These elements are the link between the base and the formwork itself.

Experts advise to check the accuracy of the work done as possible deviation from the original design dimensions. Availability taps for walls - is a very important point that you need to pay attention. After organizing the first row you can begin installing the second. The technique involves mounting blocks chess system, wherein each subsequent row is shifted with respect to the previous one. As a result, the first row of the joint elements should be taken to block the middle of the second strip.

Tying rebar. Installation of metal structures is one of the most important moments of the organization of any type of construction of the pie. Reinforcement is used to strengthen the foundations, walls and monolithic slabs. Formwork for foundation, consisting of blocks that are stacked in rows must be encircled by the perimeter bars arranged in a horizontal plane.

In order to simplify the installation of valves in each unit have special slots that are in jumpers (internal). Horizontal bars are mounted so that each subsequent element sign to the previous (overlap). Next, the bars are interconnected, and with the vertical elements by means of a special wire.

Note! Reinforcement allows not only to improve the structural strength, but also reduce the pressure on the cement form.

Pouring the solution. Before you start pouring your own hands permanent formwork is recommended to take care of routing communications within the forming structure. The cement slurry used for forming formwork must not contain foreign additives or impurities (e.g., gravel). The operation itself is relatively straightforward. Filling is performed stepwise, and the height of the concrete layer should not exceed 1 m. This parameter corresponds to the size of fixed construction blocks 3-4.

The price of permanent formwork for the foundation is lower than the cost of standard analog, which involve the use of plywood and boards. It is important to remember that the grouted require leveling. For these purposes, use special tools - oscillator. In the absence of the necessary electrical equipment, you can use an ordinary shovel bayonet.

Permanent formwork for walls: Casting technology

Separate use similar methodology requires an understanding of the walls of the casting process. Most often, this type of construction is used by non-professionals in the case of private construction of single-storey houses, as well as the garage structures. Construction formwork, made of polystyrene, can be carried out alone. However, some people will perform the installation of the walls much faster.

The advantage of using the forms of expanded polystyrene is that they have a small mass. Thus, the physical load in this case is reduced to a minimum. Before the construction should be explored step by step sequence of actions and nuances that allow to answer the question of how to make the formwork.

Walls made using this method, it is recommended to install on a strip foundation. This framework is best suited for the construction using non-removable foam forms. It is important to remember that the use of cement slurry for casting walls often imposes a certain limit on the number of blocks of rows. Experts advise positioning 4 number of forms, and they must be firmly connected with the construction of the foundation by means of reinforcement.

Helpful information! It is not recommended immediately pour all concrete. Should first perform a partial fill and wait for a time required for the solution shrinkage. Typically, this procedure takes no more than 3-4 hours. Further addition of the cement slurry is performed.

With the construction of monolithic structures for cast walls are often used special forms - shields. They are connected by a special form of coupling bolts and clearance, into which concrete is poured. Such products can have different dimensions. For example, their maximum height is 3.3 m, and width index ranges from 0.25 to 2.4 m. After hardening solution produced dismantling the structure. form panel size is selected depending on the individual characteristics of constructed facilities.

It should be noted that another feature of permanent formwork, used for pouring the walls, is its instability. This is due to the fact that the concrete poured into the mold, it has a large mass. Thus, even blocks, arranged in 4 rows and equipped with valves require daily waiting. This time is quite enough to make the solution a donkey and seal.

When installing non-removable blocks made of polystyrene foam, it is necessary to pay special attention to their dock. The individual structural elements to be connected with special care to the surface of the first series has a maximum level. Otherwise wall collapse due to their misalignment can occur upon addition of the following series.

An alternative to expanded polystyrene is a plastic. Plastic formwork for monolithic construction used in that case, when it is required to provide good strength and rigidity. The advantage of these products is that they are characterized by high resistance to wear.

Finishing walls after pouring: Recommendations

Façade work can not only make a wall cast in the formwork form, finished look, but also to strengthen its defensive characteristics. Finishing is done in almost all types of designs. After pouring the walls, as a rule, there is no need in its alignment. This is due to the design of forms. This eliminates the need to apply a thick layer of plaster.

Save on finishing of walls and other surfaces is not necessary, since the total cost of the work is already reduced through the use of expanded polystyrene. The price of this material is much lower than the cost of traditional options formwork.

In most cases enough for finishing walls special grid which may be made of glass or metal. Such a mesh is joined to the concrete surface by means of adhesive, after which the plaster or filler is embedded.

It is in this way are processed not only standard rectangular wall, but also round columns. Formwork for such structures often made of plastic. There are also variants of cardboard forms.

Note! In addition to standard techniques outer concrete surface finishing, there are other, less common options. For example, it is often used as a cladding tiles and artificial stone.

For interior walls is used, usually gypsum material. Mounting the GCR is done in two ways - by using the profile elements or glue. This method of lining is very popular not only because of its simplicity and effectiveness, but also because of the fact that this material provides good sound insulation.

Stands for the organization of permanent form slabs

The traditional version of the organization ceilings in monolithic or any other buildings involves the use of special telescopic (sliding) racks. These products are used for temporary fixing of the deck, which is made of waterproof plywood formwork. Such a method is not convenient, because it requires a lot of time and quite a strenuous exercise.

Reception, performs a supporting role, is made up of several components. The lower part is equipped with a telescopic tripod product that provides resistance tube. In turn, the upper part is a special nozzle, which is essential for capturing and retaining a structural beam - bolt. All stand for slab formwork are divided into two categories, depending on thread location. Some of them are equipped with an open thread, and others - closed.

The pipe, which has a smaller cross section, characterized by a special holes throughout its length. holes pitch may be different - from 11 to 17.5 cm. The outer tube is equipped with a support nut. As a result, when it is necessary to fix the rack at a certain level, special earrings made threading through the holes in the tubes. This element has a support (nut), so retained in position.

Telescopic racks for construction formwork can vary in length. This ranges from 1.7 to 4.5 m. They can withstand fairly heavy loads (up to 4 tons). It should be noted that such reference product manufactured from metal, so they are covered by special corrosion preventive compounds, since the steel may rust.

Permanent formwork for slabs: Features and characteristics

In contrast to the standard method, involving the presence of pedestals polystyrene slab formwork has a completely different technology installation. As a basis for such a system using special matrices, which are made from dense and durable polystyrene.

Such matrices should be put on the load-bearing walls. The advantage of this method is that these elements have a small mass, so does not require major physical effort to install them.

Note! Before you begin, you need to calculate the ceiling formwork.

Docking matrices with each other is carried out quite simply. Each product is equipped with a system for connecting pazogrebnevyh. Thus, a similar setup can perform any person with no experience in this field. Due pazogrebnevyh system it is possible to quickly organize a continuous deck.

Such formwork for monolithic slab capable of withstanding a concrete layer thickness up to 15 cm. Typically, this quantity is enough to organize a reliable design. Before proceeding to the concrete pouring, it is necessary to arrange fixtures between the butt areas overlapping elements. The metal frame must be collected in continuous beam, which occupies the entire width of the gap.

Then, on top of the matrix is ​​required to place a mesh. It is made of rods of a diameter of from 10 to 15 mm. Binding reinforcement is made in the traditional way - by means of a special wire.

The final step in creating overlaps bulk formwork involves concrete pouring, and then you want to wait for it to pour. Thus produced overlap organization using polystyrene matrix. The result of this process is a robust construction which is capable of withstanding considerable loads.

After hardening grout formwork, made of expanded polystyrene, not dismantled. It remains to overlap the cake and from that moment begins to perform thermal insulation function. This organization structure is more technologically advanced, when compared with the traditional method, which takes into account the use of removable beams for slab formwork.

It is important to remember that self-application of this technology requires an understanding of its nuances. The main thing - even before you start you need to know that the laying of floor elements requires accuracy. Any design errors or displacement units during their placement can lead to collapse of the structure.

Permanent formwork: prices in today's market

unit cost - an important point that should be noted. The price of the building blocks from which you permanent formwork, are influenced by two key factors:

• polystyrene foam density;
• dimensions of parts.

The price of permanent formwork for the foundation of expanded polystyrene must necessarily be taken into account in the construction budget. it is recommended to pay attention to their density when selecting the individual elements forming the structure. This component influences the design pressure resistance. The higher density of parts, the respectively higher loads they can withstand.

Note! Experts advise acquire blocks whose density varies from 25 to 35 kg / m³.

The average unit cost, made of polystyrene, is about 160 rubles. It's worth noting that such a price match product dimensions 1500h250h250 mm, with a density of 30 kg / m³. Constructions 1.5m possess adjustment function due to mounting webs of different sizes (15-25 cm). Products, whose length is 1 meter, are less expensive - from 130 rubles. 1 pcs.

If you plan to use standard construction technology, then it is recommended to explore the value of different materials. Price telescopic racks depends on the characteristics of their design and manufacturing company. Currently, these support elements can be purchased for 500-5000 rubles. It is not recommended to buy the cheapest materials and tools, as they often have low technical specifications.

The supporting elements used to hold the wooden structure, which is made of laminated plywood formwork. Price one sheet like material ranges from 600 to 3000 rubles.

Fixed forms are a good alternative to standard designs, which are assembled from wood and plywood. This formwork can not only carry out the pouring of concrete, but also serves as a reliable insulation material. It is actively used in private construction, however, requires an examination of the mounting instructions and the compliance with safety regulations.