Extension of balcony: step by step instruction

Attaching a balcony in a private house extends the living space and can make the architecture of the building more interesting and attractive. Balcony, a rather complex engineering structure, its annex requires compliance with standards that ensure the safety of construction, compliance with fire safety requirements, etc. Any protruding architectural designs on beams or cantilever slabs are erected taking into account the rules of the resistance.

When choosing a location for a balcony,general architectural composition and constructive expediency. Panorama opening from the balcony, shading or solar illumination of the place is also important. In the process of planning a balcony extension to the house, the internal layout of the rooms and the convenience of accessing the balcony are taken into account. To add a balcony on the first floor, no special calculations are required. Base pillars made of bricks or a light ribbon foundation are laid out on which the floor is laid and the fence is fixed.

Statutory requirements for balconies

When calculating the balcony annex on the second floor, many factors are taken into account: thickness, material and age of the walls, design loads taking into account the weight of the structure itself, people on the balcony, snow, etc. present on the balcony. Depends on the size of the balcony, the materials and the way the frame is installed.

• design load on the slab over the entire plane is 200 kg / m2, band load - calculated taking into account a group of people standing along the parapet in a section of 80 cm wide and is 400 kg / m2;
• the height of the balcony fence is at least 105 cm with the load on the railing rail of 30 kg / m2, and vertical to the fence 100 kg / m2;
• the angle of slope of the balcony plate from the main wall to the edge is 2 °, to divert the rainwater( about 2 cm per 100 cm of the site).

In addition to the above parameters, 100% safety factor is added to the calculated figures. Given the presence of a few more specific nuances then designing a balcony extension, it's easier to entrust a competent specialist.

The design of balcony frames for private houses

The balcony consists of three main elements: a base, a protective fence and a canopy. By the type of fastening of the base the balconies are divided into two types. Console-plate and cantilever-beam.

Balcony on the cantilever-clamped slab

In the process of erection of the house box, a reinforced concrete slab is laid in the supporting wall for at least 40 cm. The next rows of building material securely fix the balcony slab. Such structures are used in buildings with thick and heavy walls. The width of the balcony area should not exceed 1 meter.

Balcony on console beams

Reinforced concrete or steel beams are laid in the wall during the construction of the house box. Sometimes in an already erected wall, holes are pierced and beams are built to a depth of at least 40 cm. In this case, the balcony area is further strengthened by brackets or support posts. The width of the site is allowed from 1.2 m to 1.5 m. Support posts under the balcony allow to increase the width of the platform by 2 - 2.5 meters.

1. Reinforced concrete slabs for the foundation of the balcony have a large weight and are installed at the time of construction. To add a balcony to the house, it is more reasonable to use the cantilever-beam method with the establishment of a metal channel in the wall and the flooring of the wooden floor.
2. The balcony fence is made of wood or metal. Various original versions of wooden railing or metal grilles can be purchased at the store or ordered in the workshop. In any case, the fence must be strong to have a secure mount and be of sufficient height. The canopy performs utilitarian protection functions against wind, sun and precipitation. For him, a metal frame is made and covered with roofing material. But, if you approach the process creatively - the canopy becomes a decoration of the balcony.

Structure of a frame for a balcony in the house

A channel channel or an I-beam is used to install a balcony base. The channel has a U-shaped profile, and the H-beam resembles a railway rail. For a balcony area of ​​1.5x2 meters, you will need 4 such metal beams 2 meters long. The channel in section 50х150х50 or I-beam 150х50х150 with wall thickness not less than 5 mm under condition of a flooring of a wooden floor.

1. In the wall, four holes are leveled at a depth of 50 cm with a span of 50 cm. Beams are built into the holes, if this is a channel, then the wide side upwards, leveled, pinched and concreted. Under the beams to the wall of the house on the anchors is fastened a metal corner 70x70 and is attached to the beams by welding. This will not allow individual beams to sink in the wall of the house. The same strapping is done at the ends of the balcony beams. Three strips of metal are welded across the beams for the bundle, along the entire platform of the balcony.
2. For the reliability of the structure under the outer beams of the frame are mounted struts. They are welded separately from the corner in the form of a rectangular triangle. The free space of the triangle is filled with a delicate ornament from a metal rod or square for beauty. With the release of a balcony beam of 1.5 meters, the side adjacent to the wall and the side of the strut welded to the beam are equal to one meter.

Support posts are constructed of metal tubes with a diameter of at least 2 inches. The upper end of the support is brought under the cut of the end beams and fixed by welding. The lower part of the support column, treated with an anti-corrosion mastic, is immersed in a previously dug hole to a depth of 0.5 meters. Free space around the support is rammed and poured with concrete.

Floor, balcony fencing and balcony awning

1. The floor for the balcony is made of dry planed board 30 - 40 mm thick. The boards are stacked from the wall to the edge of the balcony. The end sides of the boards are attached to the outer beams by bolts, the intermediate fastening can be made with self-tapping screws. Between the boards is left a minimum gap of 1-2 mm. Without a gap in wet weather, swelling of the boards and swelling of the floor are possible. The floor is covered with an antiseptic and painted.
2. Two metal racks are welded to the balcony corner at the corner end points. Metal inch pipe height of at least 105 cm is quite suitable. A U-shaped profile of the handrail is bent from the metal corner or pipe. For the calculated balcony its dimensions will be 1.5х2х1.5 meters. At the corner points the railings are welded to the posts, and the end faces are securely fixed in the wall. In the wall, metal bonds are made, to which the ends of the handrails are welded.
3. The facade and side openings of the balcony fence are covered with decorative metal grilles, wooden balusters, plastic panels, etc.
4. A frame is ordered for the canopy in the workshop. The roof canopy can be made of galvanized iron, macrolon, flexible roof tiles or other roofing material. The roof of the canopy is fastened to bolts and self-tapping screws. The canopy is fixed to the wall with 4 anchors( f16, L = 250mm, Rcm = 30 kg / cm2) is quite enough.