Butovy foundation with their own hands

Booth today is one of the most popular and affordable building materials. He gained fame in ancient times, when not only foundations, but also most of the walls of buildings in the mountainous terrain were built from it. Ready-made bottles are artificial stones or natural detrital rock. For this reason, the material is certainly environmentally safe. Dimensions of the stones are completely different and lie in the range of 20 - 50 cm. The raw boule has an arbitrary shape, and the artificial and processed can be formed into building blocks of the required shape and size. It depends on the purposes of its application. In this article, we'll look at the essence and application of buta, and also find out how you can build a rubble foundation with your own hands.

The essence and composition of the basement foundation

The main role in the construction of the basement foundation is played by the but. Its content can reach up to 90% of the total volume. There are no special requirements for the shape and size of the stones. Whether tiled or chipped, the main thing is that they have the necessary quality and do not crumble when exposed to them. Of course, the tile or rock bed is best for building a foundation. It has smooth edges, which gives a serious advantage when stacking, because laying smooth stones is much denser than with irregular edges.

If you compare the process of erecting a basement foundation with some other technological operations, then the most close to it is the erection of walls of brick. The principle here is quite the same. In both cases, the building elements are stacked on top of each other and are bound together by a solution. The difference is only in the building blocks themselves and in the composition of the solution used for the ligament. In the case of bricks, it is customary to use a cement-sand mortar with a large proportion of sand, and when constructing structures from the bout, a more durable concrete mortar is prepared.

Advantages and disadvantages of the basement foundation

Before considering using the base type of a foundation for the construction of your own country house or any other private structure, you need to carefully study its advantages and shortcomings, after which it will be possible to make a final decision.

There is no need to feed illusions on the account of the simplicity and speed of erection of the basement foundation, since this is not true. First, it requires a very deep trench. Its bottom should be 20 cm below freezing in winter. In some regions, the depth of such a trench can be more than 2 meters, but most often lies in the region of 150-180 cm. Secondly, digging such a trench and carrying out the necessary measurements will require a considerable amount of time if you certainly do not have access to heavy earthmoving equipment. It is also very important to select the stones themselves, since they will have to be spread out evenly throughout the entire basement.

Such foundations are chosen by future owners of large country mansions with a very significant mass of walls or several floors. This is due to the great strength and reliability of the basement foundation. Let's highlight the main advantages of this type of foundation:

• Absolute ecological purity of natural material.

• Durable and very reliable construction.
• Thanks to the excellent aesthetic characteristics, there is no need for any external decorative finish.
• Unconditionally very high moisture resistance, which is achieved in the absence of additional building and technical means.

Undoubtedly, this material is not without its minuses, which can be reliably attributed:

• The great difficulty of erecting a basement base, which requires attracting highly paid professionals.
• The construction time is too long.
• The cost of the material is prohibitive.
• Certain difficulties in delivery to the construction site.
• Before construction starts, long and complex calculations are required.

However, one can not fail to take into account another useful property of butovye foundations, it is allowed to add other additional building materials to their structure in order to somehow reduce the cost of construction. For example, the buried part, located in the ground, can be laid out of pure buta, and the surface of the brick. However, it is always necessary to strictly follow the technological rules for combining different materials.

Constructing a rubble foundation with their own hands

The initial construction cycle of absolutely any engineering structure is the process of erecting a foundation. Natural stone, which is called buta, is best suited as a natural, environmentally friendly filler, bound with a sand-cement mortar. Since this material has an irregular geometric shape, many people think that working with it is too difficult and requires some skill and skill. However, with all the correctness of this statement, having a certain tenacity and a desire to learn a new one, everyone can cope with the task of constructing a foundation from the buta.

Required tools for the production of tools

Before you start to "sculpt" the basement foundation, you should stock up on the necessary materials and tools. First, we will need small crushed stone for filling, formed during the masonry process, emptiness. Secondly, an important component is sand, which will be required not only for the preparation of mortar, but also for the installation of a sand cushion on the bottom of the trench. Third, we need cement, grade M400 for solution preparation. The object must be delivered and a sufficiently large amount of quarry stone. Its volume will be not much less than the volume of the trench, since we will stack it very tightly to each other. The smaller the stone, the more it will be. It still depends on the evenness of the edges, since the rough stone will be difficult to lay tight and the emptiness will have to be filled abundantly with rubble. Booth should be sufficiently waterproof and frost-resistant with the required degree of strength. It is also necessary to take care of the presence of waterproofing material, for example, roofing material. Of the construction tools we will need:

• Some of the most common shovels and bayonet shovels.
• Sufficiently strong and roomy container for kneading mortar.
• Trowel of various sizes.
• Construction level bubble and its water analog.
• Roulette and plumb line.
• Manual or manual tamping, a fairly heavy sledge hammer, a hammer for working on a stone( pick), and a large chisel.

Armed with the above tools and prepared everything you need in the required volume, you can start building the foundation.

How to properly build the first layer of the basement foundation

The foundation stone is laid to a depth below freezing of the soil. Much also depends on its composition and friability. First, a breakdown of the contour of the future trench is carried out with the help of pegs and rope. The width of the trench must be planned in such a way that it is wider than the planned walls by about 10-15 cm. If during the digging process there is considerable sifting of soil from the walls of the trench, then it is necessary to build a timbering from scaffolding boards and other materials. They can be removed after filling. Since even in the middle lane you have to dig to a depth of up to 1.5 m, it makes sense to hire an excavator. If this is not possible, then you should only wish for patience in this difficult digging business.

In the prepared trench a "sand pillow" is created. Do it in several stages, and each subsequent layer of sand must be subjected to careful ramming with mandatory moistening. At the final stage of the "trenching works", a waterproofing layer is installed over the already prepared "cushion" at the bottom of the notch. To do this, you can use sheets of roofing material, or its analog. They are stacked evenly "overlap", so that moisture during the construction of a concrete-stone belt is not lost.

Natural cobblestones, having the most flat( flat) horizontal surfaces, will be the support on which the rest of the stones and walls of the entire building under construction will rest. These smooth stones are pushed into the sand base of the trench with force, until they stop shaking. They should be directed along the excavation.will serve as a "support", which will then "sit down" and the foundation itself, and the construction( house) being constructed. Stones with this geometry should be pressed into the sand base at the bottom of the trench, and monitor while they are not swaying and directed along the excavation, but not across it. It is possible to develop a scenario, when in the whole batch of stones you will not find anything like this with an even surface for laying the first row. Do not panic at the same time. Here we will need a chisel and a hammer-pickax. With the help of these tools, you will have to adjust natural products in the manner of ancient stonecutters.

During the pressing of rock into the sand "pillow" necessarily begin to form various depressions and openings. To get rid of them you will have to work a little more with a rammer. For this, the voids are filled with small gravel or pebbles, rammed, and then further pressed with a sledgehammer until they are leveled properly. After that, you can fill the layer with a concrete solution, which is prepared in classical proportions - 1: 3.

Laying of subsequent rows and reinforcement

The future foundation must have all the qualities that guarantee its stability and safety. Therefore, the first layer should be poured 30 - 40 cm from the bottom of the trench. Laying and pouring of the second and the remaining rows of rubble basement is carried out by the same algorithm. The only difference is that periodically it is required to make a dressing of the joints, as in the standard brickwork. The subsequent layers are mounted directly into the non-frozen solution of the previous layer.

Separate and important theme is reinforcement. A sufficiently high base necessarily requires additional stabilization, which can be achieved with the help of wire or reinforcement. In the required order, the last 3-4 layers of the structure are to be reinforced. The systematic tamping and periodic swaying of the moving mass of the new layer will guarantee that the foundation of the buta will pass without any technological deviations.

Practical advice on the construction of the rubble foundation

Professional builders have developed measures to optimize certain construction processes that we offer to your attention:

• To accelerate the supply of mortar and stones in a deep trench for the basement, it is necessary to make gentle slopes in the walls of the trench. This will also allow to equip a sufficiently comfortable work platform between the bottom of the trench and its walls.

• The wooden stage has been solving the problem of steep slopes for many centuries.
• If the trench is narrow and shallow, then the solution tanks can be placed on its sides, and between them, put a but.
• The holes for the installation of various communications and ventilation must be planned and laid at once. This will significantly shorten construction time and reduce labor costs.
• The required volume of all building materials must be calculated before the beginning of pouring, so as not to violate the correct installation technology.

The relevance of foundations based on buta is largely due to their excellent load-bearing capacity, as well as durability. However, not the least role in this is played and its flawless appearance. There is no need for additional finishing work. A natural stone, which can be seen on the walls of the basement, gives the building or house a very rich and presentable appearance. The foundation of quarry stone can be built, armed with patience and following simple rules and recommendations. The main thing is to closely monitor each step, not forgetting the security of the future foundation.