Monolithic slab foundation: a firm foundation for the house

Construction of the foundation - a major event, because this design is the carrier for the entire home. Substrate type is selected depending on the financial capacity of the host and the type of construction (wood, concrete, and so on. d.). A monolithic foundation slab comprises iron reinforcement and concrete. Its calculation requires an understanding of the design and formulas knowledge.

Areas of application and particularly monolithic slab foundation

The design of this type is classified as floating. Another feature of it is that it is located at a shallow depth in the ground. Monolithic it is called because of the continuous form. Stacked plate under the entire area of ​​future residential construction.

Helpful information!Terms of placement of the base into account not only the depth, but also the existence of a special pillow that includes two components: sand and gravel. It is needed in order to restrain, to absorb the soil pressure at its swelling (swelling). Expansion soil is due to the freezing of the water contained in soil.

Construction of such a base is often only possible way out. If necessary, you can order a solid foundation for the key. The price of such work depends on many individual factors. There are two situations that have no other reason to install an alternative:

• primer low stability;
• clay, having a large depth of freezing.

This base has a relatively simple structure, which, however, has a lot of nuances, is determined by specific operating conditions of the foundation. Arrangement monolithic plate requires a large amount of concrete and metal reinforcement, as well as their correct ratio. The concrete must be of high quality - not below grade B30. Reinforced concrete layer over the entire area with a small margin. This makes it possible to increase the reliability of the plates.

Thus, the arrangement of such a base is quite expensive. The final price of a monolithic slab foundation is calculated depending on the area of ​​the future construction and reinforcement density. In some cases it may be lower than the cost of the belt structure assembly, which is located at a greater depth.

Such a base may be used for the installation of the columns. Solid foundation in this case is very common. To determine the depth of such a structure is required to calculate the weight of residential buildings and determine the type of soil in a particular area. Small penetration into the soil, prone to heave causes rise buildings in the winter, but this is an acceptable situation.

Advantages and disadvantages monolithic slabs under the foundation

The design of the continuous type, used as a basis for residential construction, has several advantages. In addition to the extension of the benefits, you need to familiarize yourself with the disadvantages of such plates. Pros and cons of monolithic slab foundation together allow to assess the feasibility of its organization.

First of all it should be noted that the arrangement of the monolithic foundation does not require the use of special equipment. However, there may be exceptions. For example, when installing modular species that is constructed of individual constituent elements.

Plates strip foundation, as mentioned above, are placed in the ground deeper than the monolithic substrate. Therefore, the use of plates as the base greatly reduces the volume of excavation. For mounting such a foundation will be sufficient to remove the top layer of soil (fertile).

Helpful information! FROMploshnaya monolithic base design facilitates uniform distribution of loads, which exerts a residential building.

Tiled basement has another very important advantage: it can be used on unstable soil areas. Band species in this case is not suitable.

A further advantage is very important for those who want to make such a product yourself. It lies in the simplicity of its manufacturing. All skills, which must have a work to create it, is the ability to mix cement and formwork design. This framework is characterized by high rates of strength and reliability.

Monolithic slab foundation: main shortcomings

On top of a monolithic design can build virtually any type of building. To create structures using aerated concrete blocks, wood, bricks and so on. D. The advantages of this design is sufficient, but it also has some drawbacks. For example, to install a monolithic slab, smooth surface is required. In building codes (SNIP), there are some restrictions on this parameter.

After laying monolithic concrete slab disappears Fitted basement or cellar. Also serious drawback is considered to be problematic laying various communications, which arises from the solid foundation of the structure.

For arranging such a structure will need to purchase a large number of materials. This is certainly reflected in the final cost of it. That is why many people resort to install a monolithic foundation with his own hands, without the involvement of specialized equipment.

Personal communications should be discussed separately. Water and sewer lines should outline in advance the foundation of the project. It is important to remember one more rule: pipes are laid before the filling, and then made the main work.

monolithic foundation system: the constituent elements

Solid base is the most expensive. Based on this, every owner wants to save money on installation. It is important that savings have not gone too far, as this can affect the reliability of the foundation. The project is necessary to enter the stove minimum height at which will ensure a proper degree of strength. There are several factors that are taken into account when calculating the width of the concrete foundation.

The design of this type consists of several layers, in addition to the main part of the concrete. The first step is to determine the composition and characteristics of the soil on the site. Monolithic slab foundation for the house can be installed on almost any soil, but on its quality depends on the geometric design parameters. A prerequisite is the removal of the top layer.

After the elimination of the fertile layer of the soil is necessary to fill in a hole under the rug monolith. As the cushion providing cushioning for the foundation slab, used sand mixed with gravel. The thickness of this layer ranges from 40 to 60 cm, depending on how much of the soil contains clay.

Next layer - footing, showing a small layer of concrete, which is necessary to align the substrate prior to pouring. And also protects the footing carpet used as waterproofing.

After organizing footing made laying of waterproofing material. For slab foundation using special rolls, which can be purchased at any hardware store.

Note!Apparatus monolithic slab foundation requires stacking 03.02 layers of waterproofing material.

Further insulation is performed. It comes in two versions: rolls and slabs. Thermal insulation consists of expanded polystyrene (EPS), characterized by high index density. Then comes the core layer - concrete, inside which are two lattice-reinforced. They are intended to increase the strength and integrity of the design characteristics. For example, solid foundation for the column must be very durable.

It is important to remember that the upper part of the plate necessarily located above the soil level. This can be explained quite simply: when laying wall materials, they tend to subside to a certain depth into the ground.

What are the different kinds of monolithic concrete slabs

The main criterion by which classify the solid foundation of concrete, is their internal structure. Depending on this two varieties of such bases are:

• conventional (solid);
• precast-monolithic.

In the first case stacking technology includes the traditional sequence, without any modification. Classical shading plate with an inner reinforcement is made on sand and gravel pad.

Installation of prefabricated monolithic foundation differs from the classical variant. This method involves the use of precast concrete products. They are placed on a bed of sand and gravel. Then concrete is poured over them solution (less wide layer), i.e. in this case the factory base elements perform the function.

What kind of monolith better? Both the first and the second variant of the organization foundation for the house are distinguished by their reliability and durability. Thus, on these grounds, they are equivalent.

The main advantage of modular varieties - more than affordable price. Stove monolithic foundation turnkey cost more than 2-3 thousand. rub. 1 m². Another advantage are small prefabricated panels: with their help accelerate foundation arrangement as they are manufactured in finished form.

What types of reinforced concrete foundations exist

Today distinguish 3 main types of monolithic slabs. They all have their own particular structure and assembly. Before proceeding to the procurement of materials and the subsequent laying, it is advised to refer to each kind of construction in more detail.

Related article:

UWB Foundation: fabrication of
Building technology and plate design. Advantages and disadvantages of foundation. Stages Swedish densified mounting plate.

Classical plate. It consists of concrete and reinforced mesh, which is located inside the base. The technology of its styling is quite simple. The design is placed on the pad, consisting of sand and gravel. Warming is not always mandatory installation conditions. The thickness of the monolithic reinforced concrete foundation depends on the soil and building mass. Minimum rate in this case is 20, and the maximum - 60 cm.

Note!The thickness of the cushion layer depends on how deeply layer overlies the upper fertile soil. He is completely removed, and the resulting pit is filled with sand and gravel composition.

Insulated Swedish plate (UWB). It is a technologically advanced monolithic design, which includes not only fitting, but also the system of floor heating. Accordingly, the cost of a monolithic foundation of this type is the highest.

There are other differences from the classical design of UWB. The first of these is the fact that it is equipped with a special formwork, the shape of which corresponds to the Latin letter «L». This formwork is not removable, and its function is to prevent the leakage of thermal energy, which reduces the costs for operating the plate.

Another feature of UWB is that the concrete layer, located on top of floor heating pipes and valves, has a thickness of 10 cm. In the production of such a structure is used high-quality materials that have a long operational life. This is due to the problematic nature of repair work in the event of failure of one system or another, passing or embedded in the plate.

Russian foundation. A distinctive feature of this monolithic concrete slab under the house is that it has stiffening ribs. Such designs are specially made for the purpose of operation in non-standard, heavy conditions. Stiffeners are arranged in such a way that they were under the load-bearing walls. They increase the plate's resistance to frost heaving.

The downside of such a base may be mentioned complexity of its arrangement. This is due to the fact that it takes time to install a separate ribs. However, the possibility of carrying a solid structure increases. The thickness of this plate ranges from 10 to 15 cm.

Calculation of the monolithic slab foundation: Procedure

For the literate calculating the thickness of the foundation elements for residential construction is necessary to observe a sequence of actions. Violation of this planned development will ruin the design and make it unusable. The first thing you need to figure out - the size of sand-gravel cushion. It is important to note that all the dimensions are reflected in the final cost of the monolithic slab foundation.

This pad performs several functions. The first of them - the depreciation. Also worth noting waterproofing function. Pillow under the influence of gravity of the monolithic structure is compressed and provides a reliable protection against groundwater. There are several features of determining the thickness of this layer, which is an important component of the device slab foundation.

This index ranges from 15 to 60 cm, wherein there is a direct relationship cushion thickness on the depth of soil freezing. Number of underground water also plays a very important role.

Helpful information!Experts advise over a small layer of sand arranged grit. Its thickness is determined individually, but it should not exceed 5-10 cm of the total height of the sand-gravel cushion.

If the section is located on the ground, the depth of freezing is more than 1 m, then it is recommended to put a pillow thick (60 cm). The same applies to those sites, which are located on unstable soils. Pillow is a very important part of the design and protects the monolithic slab for the foundation from moisture. And finally, the maximum size of pillows should be chosen if the soil contains excess groundwater.

In areas with deep freezing of soil of 1 m can equip cushion thickness of 20-30 cm. These dimensions require a dense soil and the lack of groundwater. Thus, defining the characteristics of the soil, it is easy to make the necessary calculations cushion thickness. After determining this value, you can calculate how much material is required for its organization.

In the next stage of the calculation of monolithic foundation, calculate the required number of valves which need to stiffen the concrete slab. It is important to remember that the reinforcing mesh is placed in 2 layers. The distance between them should not exceed 5 cm.

After determining the number of fixtures is calculated most plates. Its minimum thickness of 15 cm. The depth of soil freezing - basic characteristic, which is necessary to be guided in the selection of this indicator. There is one important rule: supply of concrete, located on the edges of reinforcing mesh must be at least 5 cm.

Calculation monolithic foundation slab thickness

To calculate the optimum thickness of this type of plate is required to calculate several indices. The first is to determine the distance between the first and second wire mesh. Their location directly affects the geometric figure. Next, you need to determine what concrete layer must be reinforced over and under it. Thus it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the rods, of which the grid is executed.

The standard thickness of the foundation plate is about 20-30 cm. However, with such dimensions, design a negative effect on the soil because of its layers there is a shift in the location where you installed the monolith.

When calculating also taken into account, as far as plate will protrude above the top of the soil line on the site. In this case, traced the following pattern: the more spaced bearing walls, the thicker should be a monolith. Material for such a base will require quite a lot. If necessary, you can make a solid foundation tape. Reinforced concrete structure of this type is solid, but is set in a horizontal plane in the ground.

It is worth noting that there are certain regulations which made the foundation of the calculation. At independent performance grounds for residential buildings sure to read them before you start work. These documents take into account the performance of the calculation of the thickness of the foundation in two stages:

• load fee;
• the calculation of the bearing capacity.

Note!The thickness of the foundation slab depends on the reliability of all residential construction. Any design errors can lead to the formation of cracks in the walls and their subsequent destruction.

The first step is the calculation of the total mass of the building. The final figure should take into account not only the materials of which the house will be made, but also the weight of snow on the roof (in the winter), interior items inside the house, as well as all residents. There are special tables, which can determine the value of the load for a given material. For example, brick walls 510 mm, the figure is 920 kg / m².

When performing calculations other types of solid bases (e.g., columnar monolithic foundation) additional measurements are required. In this case, it all depends on the structural elements.

To calculate the weight you need to take a numeric value from the table that corresponds to the material of your walls. This figure already takes into account the thickness thereof, so for weight determination of construction need simply multiply this value by the area.

Defining and using a safety factor

The safety factor is needed in order to determine the bearing capacity of the stock of the concrete structure. As a rule, this rate can be easily taken in the tables, which indicate the parameters of the load for a given material. When organizing a monolithic plate with your hands is recommended to collect as much data as possible and make the appropriate calculations.

safety factor determines the margin load capacity. To this end, it should be multiplied by the load index. This parameter is very important because when you change the appointment of construction it is necessary to determine the feasibility of this solution.

This value ranges from 1.05 to 1.4 depending on the materials and indicators loads. It should be noted that the ratio will be 1.3 for a monolithic concrete construction. He is a constant indicator that is fully consistent with the properties of the material.

Determination monolithic foundation thickness by the formula

In order to determine the total mass of residential buildings, it is necessary to make a fairly simple calculation. First need to multiply the total area of ​​the design load to measure, and then - by a factor of reliability. Next, these numbers are added. Thus, the total determined weight.

After preliminary calculations, you can proceed to the calculation of the most important - the thickness of the future foundation. You can use the calculator monolithic foundation or a calculation using the formulas. In the second case it is necessary to be careful, because it is very easy to make a mistake in a particular value or wrong number of record. First of all you will need to determine the specific load. Consider the formula:

P1 = M1 / ​​S, where:

P1 - specific load applied to the soil, is shown in Table (excluding foundation);
M1 - the total load (weight) of buildings, which is defined in the collection of loads;
S - square concrete plates.

Note!To continue the calculations required to find the difference between the specific load and the tabulated value of this magnitude. This is done quite simply, it is subtracted from the first day of the second.

Further it is necessary to determine the mass of the foundation, which is optimum for a given situation. To do this we must multiply the difference loads obtained above on the concrete slab area. Finally, having at hand all the desired values, you can calculate the thickness of the future solid foundation under the house without difficulty. Calculation is performed according to the following formula:

T = (M2 / 2500) / S, where:

T - the thickness of the foundation;
M2 - the desired weight construction;
2500 - density of 1 cubic meter w / concrete slabs;
S - square plate, quantifiable in m³.

Thus calculates the thickness of the concrete slab. The resulting figure is rarely round, so it is recommended to round up to the nearest value (0 or 5). If you have trouble determining these parameters it is recommended to turn to professionals and to reflect on the appropriateness of the order of a monolithic foundation turnkey.

In determining the base plate thickness residential buildings independently desirable use simultaneously several ways. There are also other formulas and online calculators, through which also possible to obtain the necessary amount.

How to perform a calculation of a concrete slab foundation with the help of a calculator

Online Calculator - a special program that is used for the calculation of the required dimensions of the future construction. With it, a monolithic plate thickness is calculated, and its size and the amount of reinforcement formwork. Index section valves also can be determined by using this program. Such a method which has some advantages over formulaic calculations:

• accuracy of the data;
• time savings;
• availability of 2D- function-and 3D-visualization.

A final advantage is considered one of the most useful, as it allows real-time to assess the feasibility of a design. With a preliminary model of the foundation of the plate much easier to find errors that occurred during data entry.

Note!Thus, using the 3D model, if necessary, you can immediately correct the deficiencies and to check the variant again.

With the help of online calculator is quite simple to make the calculation of the number of fittings and its diameter. If necessary, we can determine the allowable distance between the individual elements, as well as their weight. Online calculator monolithic foundation (plate) able to make comparisons between received data and optimal values ​​specified in the snip.

In these programs, there are also other additional features. For example, one can determine the thickness of the boards to be used for the construction of wooden formwork. And it is worth noting that the online calculator allows you to calculate the amount of insulation and optimal proportions of concrete.

Reinforcing foundation slab: a process value

Concrete material copes with compressive loads of character. However, he has a weakness - low resistance to bending. To do this, in the construction of monolithic slabs is recommended to use special metal grids made of rebar. They can significantly improve the strength and endurance of the plate to the adverse effects of any kind.

Reinforcement of the foundation slab contributes to its resistance to external loads. Such effects occur during the cold season, when the soil is frozen to a certain depth. Through hardening foundation capable of transferring transient effect of moisture (e.g., during a leak). Without metal mesh when wet concrete loses its strength significantly.

Reinforcement is a necessary stage in the construction of the foundation slab. Monolithic technology is based on the use of metal grids. In order to accomplish the reinforcement of the foundation properly, you need to calculate the number of elements. And also it is important to determine accurately the geometrical characteristics of the individual components of which are constructed of metal mesh.

Note!If your house belongs to the standard category, the project can not be yourself, and simply download the finished construction of the scheme on the internet. However, experts recommend still check it before the start of the application, as it sometimes contains errors. Execution of such a scheme may be assigned to a qualified organization, but it will cost quite a lot of money.

How to choose the right reinforcement for the foundation slab?

Monolithic foundation are very popular in the construction of country houses and cottages. These dwellings have one thing in common: they do not require a basement or cellar. For private homes monolithic reinforced concrete foundation is used less frequently.

For the formation of slab foundation with his own hands is necessary to understand its structure. This concrete slab, which is laid inside the iron bars (in perpendicular directions). It is important to remember that the reinforcing grid may be one in the event that the cement base thickness is less than 20 cm.

Before proceeding to calculation of the number and size of reinforcing elements, it is necessary to choose a suitable mark rods. It is determined depending on the operating conditions of the foundation. For example, if the soil at the site is sufficiently dense, then you can buy reinforcing bars, which belong to a class AI. They have ribbing and be used in low probabilities of horizontal shifts. The diameter of such rods should be at least 10 mm.

In the case of the construction of slab foundation on unstable soil applied reinforced rod with a larger diameter. sectional figure should be at least 14 mm. It is worth noting that the use of such elements is recommended and if the house is built on a slope.

In the selection of bars also need to consider what material made the wall. Solid foundation can not withstand the pressure exerted by the carcass home, if the valve was fitted correctly.

For light buildings (wood or frame) it is recommended to use metal rods with diameters from 10 mm to 12 mm. For more massive buildings of brick or aerated concrete will need to purchase rebar of 14-16 mm.

Helpful information!On the solid foundation drawing necessarily indicate a metal net. Standard distance between the individual metal elements in this construction is 20 cm. This figure is the same for both the longitudinal and transverse to the bars. Thus, you can quickly calculate that for 1 m of residential buildings will need 5 elements.

Preparation of the base under the foundation: step by step guide

Dimensions of the pit dug under the monolithic base must be greater than the size of the residential buildings. It is recommended to increase the length of 1 m. For the organization of excavation necessary to carry out a preliminary layout in accordance with the required dimensions (subject to stock). Next, the area is completely removed topsoil. The upper soil layer can have varying thickness depending on the regions (20-50 cm).

Then the preparations for the construction of the foundation slab is made in accordance with the instructions. In the finished pit drainage pipes stacked. They must be put on the edge of a pre-prepared groove to be located below the bottom. This will ensure removal of atmospheric water drainage wells and protect the foundation from their pernicious influence.

Precast-monolithic foundation also requires organizations diverting communications. It should be leveled bottom of the pit and the maximum compacted soil. Next, the laying of geotextile. It is important to remember that this material must cover not only floor, but the walls of the pit.

Individual webs stacked on each other overlap, then their edges are reinforced by a glued tape. Geotextile performs a very important function - to prevent the germination of plant roots in the concrete. In addition, it does not leach out the sand, which is a damper substrate.

In the next step into the pit, covered with geotextile, filling sand is performed. It is desirable that it was a medium grit. The thickness of this layer depends on the soil properties and ranges from 20 to 30 cm. This value of this base determines the final cost of the work. Price monolithic foundation depends on the amount of materials used in its arrangement.

It is impossible to fill all the sand in the pit. This process is performed stepwise, layer by layer. Each previous layer of compacted, and only after this is done next. The recommended thickness of one layer is 8-10 cm.

In the next stage, filling with gravel. Distributed once all of the gravel, after which the maximum level it is necessary and just, like sand, compacted. Then, the work is organized for laying water-supply and sewerage lines. To do this, you need to perform in the rubble of the trench, in which will be laid pipe. After laying the pipe trench filled with sand, which is then thoroughly compacted.

Construction technology-the foundation slab: concrete substrate

At the preparatory stage of construction of the foundation is performed one more action. For maximum reliability under monolithic substrate future use concrete slab layer. Its use makes it possible not only to ensure the strength of the bottom of the excavation, but also align it.

The process of forming a concrete substrate (or monolithic slab foundation) is quite simple. First performed formwork. It should be thick enough to resist the pressure of the concrete. Usually, it is constructed of a board having a thickness of 40 mm.

Helpful information!If the material was taken to plywood formwork, then it can be limited to 18 mm.

Construction of a monolithic foundation - a complex process. It is necessary to pay attention to the assembly of the formwork for the concrete substrate. The height of this structure is calculated very simply: it is necessary to measure the height of the other layers conventional walking behind her.

formwork edge must be smooth, since it allows you to control the height of the concrete. Thus, edging board in this case is not recommended: do not get to perform a smooth monolithic foundation. Work on the construction of formwork includes installing spacers, which ensure the necessary rigidity of wooden construction.

After mounting casing can begin pouring concrete substrate. The thickness of this layer of litter is 10 cm. For its formation is allowed to use less concrete quality grades (from B7.5 to B10). Concrete substrate is reliable and durable basis. After laying the foundation can begin to waterproofing, as well as its insulation.

How to perform the waterproofing of the foundation slab

Location monolithic base makes it vulnerable to moisture. To protect the foundation from the effects of precipitation, need to take care of its reliable water resistance. Today, there are two common varieties of waterproofing:

• Obmazochnaya;
• roll.

Waterproofing the basement slab is customary to use both of these species. Their combination significantly increases the protection of the monolith from moisture. Before starting work, should carefully examine the sequence of actions.

The first thing to prepare subfoundation to perform waterproofing. This will require to clean it from dust and dirt. You can then proceed to spray the liquid waterproofing. It is important to remember that the finished undiluted mixture is fairly high viscosity, so decided to use special solvents to dilute it. If necessary, the liquid can be diluted with conventional waterproofing kerosene.

The prepared mixture is applied to the foundation wall and waiting some time so that it has penetrated deep into the concrete. This will strengthen the material and increase its hydrophobicity. In the next stage, the installation of the web material on the solid foundation. Installation procedure takes into account that the waterproofing should extend beyond the construction of approximately 10-15 cm.

Helpful information!It is worth noting that the waterproofing material overlapped.

At the joints in this case it is required to apply the bituminous mastic. It is important that the material lies flat - on the web should not be waves. After laying the first layer can proceed to the second assembly.

Warming of foundation slabs: Walkthrough

Warming is necessary concrete measures aimed at protecting the monolithic structure from exposure to low temperatures. Construction of competent insulation can increase the service life of the plate. Traditionally used for thermal insulation of expanded polystyrene. It is very important to pick the right material: PPS has to be extruded.

The thickness of the insulation depends on the climatic conditions. This index ranges from 10 to 15 cm. During warming, you must be careful to properly carry out this work on the base plate. The technology of this process is quite simple.

It is important to remember that you can not use for warming only one layer of PPP. At a minimum, it is recommended to lay two layers. In some cases, this number has increased by one point. Exceptions are PPP plates which are in the form of Latin letters locks «L» - they can be put in one layer. Number of beds is reflected on the final price of a monolithic slab foundation.

During the installation do not forget that formed in the process of joints require overlapping. This is due to the fact that in these locations cold bridges are formed. Of course, this procedure takes more time, but its implementation will save on heating homes. After mounting PPP over it fits polyethylene film (required dense) on which is mounted a heat insulating material.

Reinforcement of the foundation slab with his own hands - you need to know

After the waterproofing works, as well as the organization of the thermal protection of the future of the monolith the build-reinforced frame. Perhaps this is the most problematic stage of works for beginners. Inexperienced person is quite difficult to master the technique of fastening the individual elements in a grid. Before you begin to assemble the frame, it is recommended to study the video on this topic.

To assemble the frame, as a rule, applied ribbed bars that correspond to the class AIII. Index section such reinforcement is 12-14 mm. Its styling is as follows: up and down in increments of 15 to 30 cm. As mentioned above, depending on the thickness of the foundation plate can be 1 or 2 of the reinforcement layer.

To a monolithic slab foundation with his hands gained the necessary strength, it is necessary to calculate the design stage the number and size of rods. The distance from the plate edge to the metal elements should be at least 5 cm.

Note!In order to ensure the necessary distance, fittings going on a special stand.

During the installation of reinforcement obtained checkered pattern. A place of intersection of the longitudinal and transverse rods fastened at the expense of soft wire made of steel. To twist the wire, you need to purchase a special hook. With it, the process is significantly accelerated. There is another option compound rods in the grid reinforced foundation. The technology involves the use of special plastic clamps. However, this method of connection was not as widespread as the previous one.

It is important to remember that the experts strongly recommend the use of welding for connecting rods fittings. The thing is that the weld seam has a very low resistance to rust.

How to perform casting monolithic concrete foundation slab

Fill is a key element in the creation of the foundation slab for the home. This process should be carried out as much as possible correctly, in compliance with the rules and technologies, which are specified in the appropriate construction documents. To fill only a quality concrete should be used. Fit the following grades: M-300 and M-400. In any case it is impossible to apply the concrete below grade M-200.

Pouring the foundation plate with his hands is not recommended, because concrete must be loaded into the prepared pit so as to fill it for 1 time. Today is easy to rent special equipment without difficulty (the mixer). Of course, you can fill and independently, but the strength of the finished structure in this case may deteriorate.

A very important point is to seal the concrete during pouring. For this purpose a special tool - vibrator which removes bubbles inside the concrete mortar, thereby compacting it. After pouring the concrete into the excavation, formwork limited, need to carefully align it.

Another point that is worth paying attention to when pouring the foundation plate with his hands: during the operation should not be formed connecting seams. They arise in the event that one of the concrete filled into the pit, already frozen, and shading is still ongoing. And finally, you must carefully align the surface of the solution. Subject to all these rules slab foundation will turn solid and of high quality and will last more than one year.

Pile-solid foundation: especially the organization

The foundation, which is established on piles of cast is not only mounting technology, but also the cost. The price of such a foundation is more acceptable. Thus, the pile foundation saves on the construction of a house.

Note!Piles or columns in this case does not have sufficient strength. In order to increase their rigidity, their binding is performed (Compound each other).

There are several technologies connect the individual columns. Very popular rostverkovy foundation. Solid foundation pile of this type may be performed by two techniques: connecting the docking tapes under and above ground. Selection of pile-monolithic type of foundation is expedient in the following cases:

• if the area in which is under construction, bad soil;
• in the case when the house is being built in the coastal zone;
• if the building stands on a hillside;
• for savings.

The monolithic support can build with their own hands without the use of specialized equipment. This makes them very popular. Solid foundation raft with are universal and democratic value.

encouraged to review the videos on this subject before starting assembly of this design. It is worth noting that the pile-monolithic structures are characterized by long service life.

Recommendations for the care of concrete with self-assembly of monolithic slabs

In order to safely concrete can harden, should provide a high level of 90-100% relative humidity and a temperature above 5 ° C. It is recommended to wait for the warm weather, ranging from 20 ° C, to fill the plate. Such temperature control is ideal for curing. Care monolithic concrete slab simple: you need to protect it from damage and maintain the desired level of humidity. If necessary, you can trust the establishment and maintenance of the grounds to professionals, ordering the plate monolithic basement under the key.

When finished with the laying, the concrete need to close the film. This will provide him protection from the heat and wind. Film itself should be transformed into a large cloth. Then, the obtained strip entering the bed with 10-15 cm and glue tape. It is important to minimize the number of portions connected to the tarpaulin or the film consisted of 1-2 parts. The individual elements should cover the cloth to each other by at least half a meter.

You will need a film of this size, so that it can be closed and the side of the casing, and on the edge of the cover can be fitted load - protection from wind. In addition, this load, whether the board or something else, you need to press the intersection of parts of the sheet or film. This will reduce wind resistance. For the same purpose, the board can be expanded over the entire surface of a monolithic foundation for the house.

When the air temperature more than 5 ° C after 8 hours after pouring water necessary to pour concrete. It must be done by droplets, rather than jet. To the surface it was not damaged by drops, which can be spread on top of the burlap and cover with foil. According to this technology watered only the material that covers the plate, and he, in turn, helps to maintain the necessary humidity.

Helpful information!If you know that frosts are expected, the concrete need to further insulate. For this purpose, you can use any materials that help to keep the heat from building represented in the stores to a variety of available tools (sawdust, straw, etc...).

When necessary to remove the formwork? If you have a monolithic slab, experts recommend to remove it after the concrete acquires 70% strength. The specific time depends on the temperature at which curing occurs.

The monolithic construction used as a base for residential construction, is very reliable and durable construction. However, it has a rather high cost and requires a flat surface. In the case of self-assembly of such a reinforced concrete slab is recommended to study the video on this topic.