Waterproofing of construction joints

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The erection of any structure is not without construction joints. Such joints are a "weak spot", i.e.can pass moisture and air currents. To avoid these phenomena and provides waterproofing construction joints.

Contents

This is a series of activities aimed at making the structure waterproof. This process is simply indispensable in the construction of swimming pools and other reservoirs, as well as buried structures. Of great importance is the waterproofing and the construction of residential and industrial buildings.

Today, waterproofing is done by different methods depending on the determining conditions.

Factors to consider when choosing the method of waterproofing joints of building structures

  1. Type of weld in terms of mobility( movable and fixed).
  2. The value of the assumed load.
  3. Periodicity of exposure.
  4. Presence or absence of influence of aggressive chemical media.
  5. The maximum and minimum value of temperature and the scale of its differences.
  6. Humidity of soils on which the structure is located.
  7. Seam location and its availability.
  8. Structure of construction and quality of building materials.
  9. Nature of work( creating a fresh seam or reconstructing it).
  10. Desirable characteristics( aesthetics, water resistance, increase in service life, etc.).
  11. The budget of the event and the terms of its implementation.

Waterproofing protection of joints of concrete, brick and stone structures

Basic methods and elements for waterproofing construction joints

1. Using swellable cords.

Such seams are of different origin:

  • acrylate;
  • bentonite;
  • from hydrophilic rubber.

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Advantages of

  • easy installation;
  • is suitable for the processing of communication inputs and joints of concreting;
  • they are applicable both for the construction of tanks and for the insulation of buried structures;
  • is well maintained in conditions of constant humidity.

Disadvantages of

  • need to observe the minimum time interval between laying the cord in the seam and its subsequent concreting;
  • are suitable only for sealing fresh joints in new buildings;
  • are not used for the processing of expansion joints;
  • with complete drying cords are reduced in volume;
  • do not like hard and salt water, and temperatures below 0 ° C;
  • cords from bentonite clay are not designed for high pressures;
  • The thickness of the walls of the structures at which these cords can be used is strictly limited( up to 20 cm).

2. Use of key( s) for concreting.

Advantages of

  • withstand high pressure;
  • are applicable both for the construction of new buildings, and for the processing of expansion joints with displacements;
  • wide selection of different options.

waterproofing-inter-panel seams

Disadvantages of

  • it is difficult to process seams of already finished structures( but it is possible!);
  • with increased water pressure may cause small leaks.

3. Application of tapes and profiles, which are attached to an existing structure( using glue or clamps).

Advantages of

  • have proven themselves in conditions of clamping water;
  • provide an ideal waterproof seam;
  • can be used with a small thickness of walls of building structures.

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Disadvantages of

  • for high-quality installation, it is necessary to eliminate the inflow of water during the time of isolation;
  • tapes can not be glued on the outside of the tanks and on the inside of the buried structures;
  • the bonding surface must be carefully prepared;
  • is a complex installation process.

4. Injection into the seam cavity of polymer hardening resins, such as:

  • acrylic;
  • polyurethane;
  • epoxy. Advantages of
    • are the ability to achieve a high degree of watertight seams;
    • versatility( suitable both for repair and for work with new facilities, for both tanks and buried structures);
    • does not require stopping the flow of water during the installation period.

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    Disadvantages

    • method in its pure form is not suitable for the processing of expansion joints;
    • there is a restriction on the thickness of the walls of the structures.

    This process is often carried out by installing special injection systems during the construction phase.

    5. Casing hard mixes( non-shrink or expanding), such as cement.

    Advantages

    • versatility( suitable for repairing old joints, and for processing new joints, for tanks, and for buried structures).

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    Disadvantages

    • is not suitable for movable joints.

    6. Application of elastic polymeric sealants. Advantages of

    • sealing of seams with variable cross-section and irregular contours is possible.

    Disadvantages

    • is not suitable for use at high water pressures in wide joints;
    • sealants can not stand the constant contact with water.

    But, it should be noted that none of the above listed elements are used for waterproofing, as an independent tool. It is almost always more appropriate to use a complex of several such components. The effectiveness of such a complex depends on the proper selection of funds and materials for waterproofing, taking into account the goals and operating conditions. It is impossible to recommend a single universal combination because the initial data is always different. And, therefore, the solution of the problem must be approached individually. Just need to take into account the technical characteristics of each method of waterproofing and the features of the fitted seams.

    Waterproofing with your own hands

    How to make waterproofing of inter-panel joints

    1. Clean the seam from debris, debris of building materials or traces of old insulation( in case of repair).
    2. Thoroughly treat the joints with a water-repellent primer to improve the adhesion characteristics of the surface.
    3. Wait until it is completely dry.
    4. Treat the seam with construction foam or isolate them with other polyethylene foam liners.
    5. Apply a sealant or mastic on top of the seam using a spatula or gun. At the same time, make sure that the seam is concave and not convex.
    6. In case of working with external seams, a protective tape is glued.

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    How to make waterproofing of expansion joints

    The purpose of these joints is to reduce the impact of temperature changes and seismic activity. For the waterproofing of such seams, rubble and bitumen are traditionally used.

    1. Do this waterproofing in the dry season.
    2. Before starting work, maximize the walls in the joints.
    3. Fill the joint with a thin layer of dry rubble.
    4. Pour the bitumen over the rubble so as to fill all the voids.
    5. Repeat the last two manipulations until the seam is completely filled.

    The latest gel-forming materials have already been widely used. They are defensively protected from moisture, even if the condition of "dry suture dryness" is not fulfilled.

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