Wooden floors between floors are usually used in low-rise private construction of houses made of wood, brick or foam blocks. Wooden floors have a number of advantages: they do not heavier the design, they allow you to do without attracting heavy equipment, have sufficient strength and reasonable price.
Wooden floors between floors
Selection of material for wooden floors
Wooden floors are suitable for a span not exceeding 8 meters. As the main load-bearing structures, beam beams with a cross-section from 50х150 to 140х240 mm or a log of the corresponding diameter are used. The pitch of the beams is determined by the calculation and is usually from 0.6 to 1 meter. For the production of beams, only coniferous types of wood are used - their strength when working on bending is much higher than in hardwoods. Logs or beam beams must be carefully dried in the air under a canopy. When tapping the ax axle, the beams should produce a sonorous clear sound. The length of the joists must be such that it is firmly anchored in the nest of the brickwork or the frame.
In addition to beams for the implementation of interfloor overlapping:
- Cranial bars with a size of 50x50 mm - they are attached to the lower part of the beams on both sides and the ceiling of the lower floor is sewn to them;
- Black floor board of the upper floor. For these purposes, you can take any board, including non-planed;
- Floor boards of the upper floor - planed sheet piling board;
- Insulation. As a heater in wooden floors, it is better to use mineral slabs or roll material, because fibrous heat insulation, unlike foam plastic, does not support combustion and has good noise-insulating properties;
- Waterproofing foil designed to protect the heater from wetting by moisture vapor;
- Antiseptic for wood and bitumen mastic, trimming ruberoid;
- Decorative floor and ceiling coverings.
Structure - what the wooden floor consists of
The technology of wooden flooring between floors
The beams of the interfloor are laid in the walls usually during the construction of the house, and all other work on the construction of the floors is made after construction before the beginning of the finishing works. Before making overlaps, you need to calculate the load on the overlap, based on the data obtained, you select the beam dimensions and the laying step.
- Beams overlapping in a brick or block wall are planted during the masonry, for this purpose in the wall perform special nests. The depth of the nest should be at least half the thickness of the wall, you can make it through, with subsequent sealing with a vapor-permeable heater.
We start the wooden beams between the floors during the laying of the wall
- In wooden structures, the beams are cut into the upper crown of the log frame. The beams must be pretreated with an antiseptic and dried. Lay rectangular beams so that the wide side is located vertically - with this stowage their rigidity rises. The ends of the beams are cut at an angle of 60 °, treated with bituminous mastic and wrapped with a ruberoid in two or three layers. First put the edge beams in place. They are leveled by means of a long board placed on the edge and a level, if necessary, the joists are leveled with pads of boards of different thickness, pre-treated with bituminous mastic and placed in a nest. Intermediate beams are leveled along the board laid on the extreme beams.
The technology of erecting beams in a wooden house by embedding them in the upper crown of the house
- After the walls and the temporary or permanent roof are completed, the construction of the ceilings is started. To the bottom of the beams, cranial bars are hemmed on both sides. Their appointment is a support for the rough floor of the upper floor and a ceiling binder for the lower floor. For cranial brusks a pine bar of 50 mm, treated with an antiseptic, is needed. To the beams of the ceiling it is fixed with screws for wood. On the cranium bars lay the planks of the rough floor. For them, you can use a non-planed board with a thickness of 15 mm - the load on the rough floor is small, so it is not necessary to spend money on a thick board. Planks of the rough floor are laid perpendicular to the beams, resting them on the cranial bars, and fastened with screws. The rough floor is also treated with an antiseptic.
Process for installing the rough floor
- On the roughing floor and floor beams, a vapor barrier film, for example, Isospan, is laid. The film strips overlap, gluing the joints with adhesive tape. On top of the vapor barrier film is laid a mineral insulation in the form of plates or rolls. The thickness of the heater must be such that it does not protrude above the surface of the beams. You can use as a heater and other materials: expanded polystyrene, expanded clay, eco-wool. Thus it is necessary to pay attention to fire resistance of a material of a heater.
Underfloor Heating Process
- Top floor floor lags are placed on top of the floor joists. The direction of the lag laying is across the beams, the pitch is from 60 cm to 1 m. The logs are made of a bar or board with a thickness of at least 40 mm and fasten them to the joists with metal corners attached to the screws. Between the lags can be laid another layer of mineral insulation, overlapping the joints of the lower thermal insulation layer. Mineral insulation will also soundproof floor and ceiling. On top of the second layer of insulation, a waterproofing film is laid in case of a liquid spill.
Installation of lagoons for the upper floor
- The floor of the upper floor is lined with lath on the floorboard, plasterboard or plywood, on which you can lay any finish: tile, laminate, linoleum or cork. The floor board or plywood is fastened on self-tapping screws. You can arrange under the finish coat warm water floors, while as a vapor barrier is better to use foil film.
Wooden floors between floors, unlike concrete slabs, do not create unnecessary load on the foundation, therefore, it is possible to significantly reduce the cost of erecting a strong foundation. Correctly executed overlapping enough strong and durable, possesses good heat and soundproof properties, besides, natural materials allow overlappings to "breathe".
