Steel radiators which are better

Heating batteries are not currently any deficit - in specialized stores you can find similar products for every taste and "purse".These heat exchanging devices of the heating system can be made of different materials and have very different characteristics. Some of them are ideal for autonomous heating, others are adapted for any operating conditions.

Certainly, many housing owners are concerned about the issue of cost. To the category of the most affordable, it is possible to classify steel radiators which are the best ones to choose and will be considered in this publication.

Basic types of heating radiators

For salemany different types of radiators, and therefore it is advisable, for informational purposes, a few words about the main varieties:

• Cast-iron batteries. This type of heat exchangers can have different appearance - improved, with smooth external and internal surfaces, with a retro or modern design, as well as batteries with familiar for all forms and characteristics, the MC-140.Despite the fact that there are many novelties from other materials, cast iron radiators do not lose their popularity, because they are famous for their reliability and durability, as well as high heat emission.
• Aluminum radiators have a modern exterior design. They are light in weight, easy to install and economical in the use of the coolant, and hence in the energy consumption for their heating. Thin walls of these batteries quickly warm up and give heat to the rooms. These devices have their own characteristics, so they can be said about them that they are more suitable for installation in an autonomous heating system, where there are no sudden temperature changes, water hammers and even minor pressure jumps in the circuit.
• Bimetal radiators are made of two kinds of metal - steel and aluminum. The designers used the positive qualities of these materials during their development, therefore the internal channels are made of a steel alloy resistant to pressure and aluminum is an excellent conductor of heat. The combination of these materials gives high results, therefore bimetal heating batteries are in demand by owners, both apartments in high-rise buildings and private houses. But bimetallic radiators fully reveal their potential capabilities precisely at high heating rates, which is more typical of central heating systems.
• And finally, steel radiators. Detailed information on the characteristics and types of these heating devices will be considered below.

Criteria for selecting heating radiators

To correctly determine which batteries are best to choose for a particular installation site, it is necessary to take into account some important factors:

• Information on the maximum pressure and temperature regime in a central heating system in a specific locality. From these data will depend which parameters the radiators should have.
• Resistance of the radiator structure and material to the quality and temperature of the coolant.
• The required heat output for a particular room is what you need to know in order to accurately calculate the number of radiators and their size parameters. Calculations can be made by area or volume of premises. A convenient and accurate method of calculation will be offered to the reader at the end of this publication.
• Design of radiators is also an important criterion, as these heaters can support the chosen design style, or, conversely, spoil the appearance of the room.

The main varieties of steel radiators for heating

Steel radiators can have different designs and shapes, differ in their design, including even the color solution. In principle, they are divided into panel and tubular. The first of them consist of one or several panels, and the second of round, rectangular or made in the form of narrow panels of pipes.

To determine the optimal choice of such heating devices, it is necessary to familiarize themselves with their designs and characteristics in detail.

Panel radiators

These heat exchangers in our country began to be actively produced in the 70s of the last century. They some time tried to replace traditional radiators MC-140 from pig-iron, which were the only effective device for central heating of multi-storey buildings. Then the panel batteries did not get accustomed, because the heat output, and the quality of its performance and durability significantly lost the cast iron version. Those owners of apartments, who were "lucky" to get steel heating panels, by all means tried to replace them as soon as possible with the usual cast iron.

Many years passed before the engineers "revived" the previously developed design and did not improve it. The updated version of panel batteries began to be made of better materials and using the latest technology.

Modern models of these heating appliances are becoming increasingly popular, as their performance has significantly increased, and the price has remained fairly "democratic."

Manufacture of panel radiators

Manufacture of panel radiators is carried out on special machines where steel plates are given the desired shape by punching. This process involves several steps:

• The first step is the stamping of steel sheets, usually with a thickness of about 1.25 mm.

• Further, two identical in size, "mirror" configurations are interconnected at the edges by welding

When stamping metal sheets, vertical channels are squeezed out on them, which, when the two plates are welded, form a sealed space in the formoriginal pipes, along which the coolant will circulate. Roller welding is used to join the sheets, which reliably holds the sheets between the formed channels.

• Steel sheets with a thickness of 0.3 ÷ 0.5 mm are also manufactured by stamping using convectors with P-shaped fins.
• After this, convectors are fixed to the finished panels with spot welding if they are provided by this type of radiator.
• The next step on the resulting panels is to weld the pipe connections into the heating circuit pipes.
• After welding, all seams are ground.
• The final stage is painting products.

The qualitative coloring of the heaters directly determines the duration of their operation, so this process can be called one of the most important in their manufacture.

The steel is susceptible to corrosion, especially when it is in contact with water for a long time or with a chemically aggressive coolant, therefore a high-quality painting carried out using a special technology is necessary.

Painting panels

The process of painting panels is done in many ways, and depending on which one was applied, the quality of the products also largely depends:

• The product is immersed in the coloring composition( OD).
• Method using anodic electrophoresis( AEF).
• The third method of staining is cathodic electrophoresis( KEF).By the way, it is also used for applying paint to car bodies, and is rightly considered the most advanced for coating steel radiators.

This coating technology is highly reliable and resistant to various effects. The process of dyeing is carried out in three stages:

- The first stage - processing of the steel radiator with a zinc-manganese anticorrosive compound, which significantly increases the operational life of the batteries.

- The second stage - the coloring of the radiator by the method of cathodic electrophoresis. The products are immersed in the dye composition, which is given a positive charge, while the panel is connected to the negative electrode. The process ends when the paint evenly covers all surfaces of the panel. This layer of paint is a reliable insulator for steel from various aggressive influences.

- The third stage - the paint is applied epoxy powder, and the products are sent to the chamber with high temperatures to fuse this protective layer. After heating and melting the powder, a high-quality glossy coating of the desired color is formed on the panel - it is not exposed to ultraviolet rays, and eventually does not turn yellow and does not fade.

When staining metal products subject to periodic heating, do not use formulations that include substances such as heavy metals and formaldehydes. In the paint used in the staining method( KEF), only 2% of the solvent is contained, while, when applying AEF, 9-10%.

Due to the fact that the paint contains a small amount of solvent, the battery, even when heated to extremely high temperatures, will not emit harmful substances.

All finished radiators are tested at a pressure of 1.3 MPa, and if the products are successful, the manufacturer can safely give guarantees for their operation for a period of 10-15 years.

When purchasing panel steel batteries, you need to carefully examine the accompanying passport with the characteristics where the coloring method should be indicated.

In addition, it is recommended to inspect the radiator coating very well. It should be qualitative on both the front and back surfaces, without cracks, chips and scratches, without ink rushes.

A defective coating is considered if the front and back surfaces differ in color or in texture smoothness. It is better to refuse such products immediately.

Existing types of steel panel heating radiators

Panel radiators are divided into several types, which are usually divided by the number of panels and convector heat exchangers in the structure. So, the radiator can have one, two or three panels, and between them are installed one, two or three convectors.

If the radiator consists of more than one panel, then the sides are usually mounted on the sides, and the top is mounted on the grate.

The table below shows some parameters of the standard types of panel radiators.

Appearance	Design short description	Dimensions of radiators
Height, mm	Length, mm	Width, mm
	10 type panel radiator consists of one heating panel without convector fins. The device has no side walls and an air outlet grate. The digits characterizing the heater mean: "1" - one row of panels;"0" - absence of convectors. Despite the fact that a number of panels are only one and there are no additional heat exchange elements, this type has its own important advantage, which in other cases is considered a minus - this is the absence of a convector. If there is no convector, then there is no directional movement of heated air masses, which contain a large amount of dust. Due to this, the 10 type of radiator can be installed, not only in residential premises, but also in children's or medical institutions. Behind one panel that does not have complex configurations, top grilles and side walls, it is much easier to look after. It is enough to wipe the surface with a damp, clean cloth.	305 ÷ 905	405 ÷ 3005	63
	11 type consists of one panel and one row of convector fins welded to its rear side. In this embodiment, there is no upper grate and side walls. Convection occurs through one row of fins, but it also facilitates the circulation of dust masses together with air. Therefore, having such radiators, their cleaning will have to be done more carefully, as the dust settles on the walls of the convector.	305 ÷ 905	405 ÷ 3005	63
	20 type . This type of radiator consists of two panels without convectors. On top of the air outlet grille, and on the sides are fixed walls. Heat transfer from this type of radiator is twice as high as from a single-panel radiator. The cleaning of this model is quite simple due to the absence of convection ribs.	305 ÷ 905	405 ÷ 3005	66
	21 type . This design consists of two panels and one convector installed between them and welded to the external panel. Above, the whole complex is covered with a grid, and on the sides with walls.	305 ÷ 905	405 ÷ 3005	102
	22 type. This type of radiator consists of two panels, two convectors, side walls and an upper grille. In this case, the fins are welded to both panels.	305 ÷ 905	405 ÷ 3005	102
	30 type. This design includes three panels, interconnected at a certain distance, side walls and an upper grille.	305 ÷ 905	405 ÷ 3005	102
	33 type has the largest depth, up to 170 mm, and consists of three panels and three rows of convector ribs installed between them. Ribs are welded to the inner surfaces of the panels. The radiator has side walls and an upper grille.	305 ÷ 905	405 ÷ 3005	157

Now - about the main technical and operational characteristics of the products:

• Panel radiators are designed for a maximum temperature of the heat carrier up to 95 ÷ 100 degrees, therefore at a standard temperature in a heating system of 70 degrees they will last a long time.
• The operating pressure for these batteries must not exceed 10 bar( 1.0 MPa).If the calculated baric loads are exceeded, the welds on the panels may not survive, which will lead to an emergency situation. The standard for a central heating system is a pressure of 9 bar, but when tested before the heating season, water hammers may occur, short-term pressure jumps in which can reach 11 ÷ 15 bar, which is unacceptable for panel batteries.
• The test pressure of this steel battery is 13 bar( 1.3 MPa) - this is the maximum that they can withstand. However, you need to consider that you need to purchase products that have a certain margin for this parameter.

If it is still decided to install these radiators in a house with a central heating system, then in order to avoid accidents due to pressure drops and to protect heat exchangers from dangerous loads, it is necessary to use gearboxes that will take a "blow" on themselves, andthe stable pressure of the coolant remains in the system itself.

Possible dimensions and power of the radiators

Obviously, the number of panels in the radiator will directly depend on the functionality of the device, and hence the efficiency of heating. So, 10 and 20 types of batteries, without convectors, radiate heat only from the panel itself, and those radiators on which these functional elements are installed create thermal curtains for the cold coming from the window, since they direct the heated air upwards.

Naturally, the power of the battery will depend on its size, which is selected for the heated area and for a specific installation location.

Panel radiators are manufactured in different sizes, both in length( usually from 400 to 3000 mm) and in height( from 300 to 900 mm).Therefore, they can be selected for any installation site, like a panoramic glass wall, and a high-positioned window.

Judging by the demand statistics, the most popular panel devices today are 11, 21 and 22 types. They can also have different height and length, so if you decide to choose one of these options, then their power, for example, can be "estimated" using the data in the table below:

	VKO 11 - one heating panel + one convector element	VKO 21s - two heating panels + one convector element	VKO 22 - two heating panels + two convector elements
Height in mm	300	450	500	600	300	450	500	600	300	450	500	600
Length in mm	Power of radiators W
400	265	382	420	495	370	513	559	650	476	656	715	832
600	398	574	630	742	555	770	839	976	714	984	1072	1247
800	531	765	840	989	740	1026	1119	1301	952	1312	1430	1663
1000	663	956	1051	1236	925	1283	1398	1626	1190	1641	1787	2079
1200	796	1147	1261	1484	1110	1539	1678	1951	1428	1969	2145	2495
1400	929	1338	1471	1731	1295	1796	1958	2277	1666	2297	2502	2910
1600	1061	1529	1681	1978	1480	2052	2237	2602	1904	2625	2860	3326
1800	1194	1721	1891	2225	1665	2309	2517	2927	2142	2953	3217	3742
2000	1327	1912	2101	2473	1850	2566	2797	3252	2380	3281	3575	4158
3000	1990	2868	3152	3709	2774	3848	4195	4878	3570	4922	5362	6236

Connection method

For convenient installation of heating radiators in the circuit, manufacturers produce batteries with a bottom or side connection. Choosing the right model, this factor should be provided in advance, since in one heating circuit, both options are sometimes required, depending on the location of the battery installation and the method of laying the pipes.

When using radiators with a lower connection, it is possible to completely hide the contour pipes in floors or walls, or to draw them as close to the floor as possible. A battery with a lower connection costs more than radiators that connect from the side. In the marking of products they have a special designation - the letter "V".

The lateral connection is mainly carried out from a contour running along the floor or on vertical risers. Radiators with a right or left connection are produced, and this also needs to be envisaged by constructing a heating system diagram and acquiring batteries.

It should be noted that the lateral connection is made easier than the lower one, since it will be much more convenient to carry out installation work. In addition, the correct side connection always gives a higher heat output. With the lower connection, no matter how beautiful it looks, the loss of efficiency of the heat exchanger( up to 15-20%) is simply unavoidable.

This diagram shows the version of the lateral connection of the radiator to the vertical riser pipes:

1 - the coolant supply pipe;

2 - pipe "return";

3 - steel panel radiator with left side connection;

4 - thermostatic head, allowing to set the necessary level of heating.

5 - balancing valve for precise system adjustment.

Advantages and disadvantages of panel steel heating radiators

Having become acquainted with all the characteristics of panel radiators, as a result one can single out all their "pluses" and "minuses".

To , the following qualities are attributed to of similar devices:

• Thanks to the integral design of the radiator, the installation is fast enough. The device should only be hung on wall brackets mounted in the wall and cut into the heating circuit. However, such indissolubility can be considered not only a "plus", but in some cases a "minus", since if an emergency situation arises, the radiator will have to be completely replaced. In the sectional battery, it is possible to replace only the failed sections.
• High heat transfer, which is due to a sufficiently large area of ​​metal heated and heat-giving surface, as well as convectors that create a directed movement of the heated air.

• panel radiator. For panel radiators, a small "liter" of coolant is required, which means that it requires less energy to heat it. Therefore, according to calculations, with their use, energy savings reach 35% compared to cast-iron batteries.
• It is difficult to injure the surface of the panels, as there is no pronounced ribbing with trauma-dangerous corners - this factor is especially important if the house has a small child. Even hitting a smooth steel surface, he will not get serious injuries.
• This type of device does not have to purchase protective or decorative screens, as their surfaces already have a neat appearance.

Disadvantages of panel batteries can be considered the following:

• Low resistance to sharp drops in the coolant pressure, since the highest quality weld can cause a crack in the event of a water hammer. Therefore, in the conditions of the central heating system, a reducer must necessarily be built into the circuit, which will "extinguish" the hydraulic shock.
• Panel radiators quickly fail when using a poor-quality coolant. Unfortunately, the central heating system usually can not boast of its high quality, and a large amount of dirt and scale is deposited on the inner walls of the radiators, which contributes to the clogging of the channels and the appearance of foci of corrosion.
• The radiator panels are not resistant to mechanical influences, therefore require careful transportation. Also, when using them, shocks and scratches must be avoided, for example, when changing furniture.

Tubular radiators

Features of manufacturing tubular radiators

Another option of steel radiators are tubular radiators, which are also produced by stamping. This type of battery has several variations with the same operating principle, and therefore their manufacture differs somewhat among themselves.

For some, smooth tubes of different diameters are installed, installed vertically, and then connected by upper and lower horizontal collectors.

Others are made in the form of sections, somewhat reminiscent of cast iron, which are connected together by welding. But be that as it may, all tubular radiators are always a non-separable welded structure.

design. Tubular batteries are assembled from steel stamped workpieces made of 1.5 to 2 mm thick steel.

The manufacturing process takes place in the following order:

• The halves of sections of tubular radiators are stamped out of steel sheets.
• Next, individual halves are connected by contact welding on special equipment.
• The next step is to finish the finished sections with burrs and bumps left after welding.
• After that, the ground elements of the section are connected to each other in the radiator, also by welding.
• The weld seams are then ground again.
• The next stage is to check the products for leaks - this process is carried out in a special test bath.
• Finished and proven radiators are delivered to the painting line. It occurs in the same way as when covering panel batteries, using the same coloring compositions.

• After painting, the radiators enter the high-temperature chambers to refinish the epoxy coating.

The blanks for a different design of tubular radiators are made differently.

• For them pipes are cut to the desired height, which will act as convectors. On the lower side they are completely brewed, and with the top left open.
• Pipes are fixed by spot welding on horizontal collectors, through which the coolant will pass, giving heat to convection pipes.
• Upon completion of assembly, the welding seams of the radiators are ground and the products are sent to the decorative protective coating line.
• On some of the radiators, the upper holes of the convector tubes are decorated with nickel-plated rings.

There are several quite elegant designs of tubular radiators that can be matched to any design projects. Moreover, they are not always made in the form of pipes - sometimes they can be hollow panels, fixed on pipes-collectors, through which the coolant circulates.

The main technical characteristics of tubular radiators

Although the tubular radiators differ in their design, their characteristics are almost identical. It is characteristic that such instruments usually outperform on panel heat transfer options. But, it should be noted that their cost is much higher.

• Almost all models of tubular radiators are equipped with taps for bottom and side connections.
• When choosing these radiators, you must also take into account the pressure they are designed for, since in the central heating system, as already mentioned above, the pressure jumps can reach 10 ÷ 15 bar.
• The maximum temperature of the coolant is from 100 to 120 degrees.

• Similar radiators are produced in a very wide range of sizes and shapes:

- Height varies from 20 to 1500 mm.

- The length can be up to 1400 mm.

- The depth of the radiators is from 40 to 292 mm.

Advantages and disadvantages of tubular steel heating radiators

Tubular radiators are quite popular, especially for installation in private houses with a constant moderate working pressure without changes and water hammers. Their popularity is explained by a number of positive qualities :

• The uniform heating of the surface of the tubular radiators quickly provides a comfortable temperature in the rooms.
• High heat dissipation of devices.
• Easy to install and operate.
• Thanks to the smooth surfaces of the tubular radiators, dust layers are not collected on them, so they are easy to care for. Due to the fact that batteries do not collect dust and dirt, they are recognized as corresponding to existing sanitary and hygienic standards.

• The possibility of adjusting the temperature in the room, as this type of battery can be equipped with a thermostatic regulator.

• Very rich assortment of varieties for design solutions. Some of the models of tubular batteries are equipped with shelves or wooden panels for sitting, which can also be used for drying clothes or shoes.

Other heating options may include special brackets used for drying towels. Such radiators are perfect for installation in bathrooms, bathrooms, as well as in the kitchen.

There are even unusual models, the height from floor to ceiling, able to divide the room into different zones.

• Tubular radiators are quite safe, from the point of view of obtaining accidental injuries, since they have "soft" rounded shapes, so they can be installed in children's rooms.

To these batteries have the following disadvantages:

• The instability of the material of the manufacturer to corrosive processes, especially if the radiators are installed in a central heating system where the coolant is not of high quality.
• High level of prices for similar devices.
• Instability to Accentuated Mechanical Effects.

Manufacturers of steel radiators for heating

Manufacturers of steel batteries - quite a lot, but it will be more reasonable to focus on those who take on additional services for equipment maintenance. Therefore, when purchasing radiators, you must be interested in this issue.

Next, several manufacturers will be presented, whose products are in strong demand in the Russian market, gaining recognition from consumers.

Lidea Radiators

Lidea radiators produced at the Lidselmash plant in Belarus are exported to many European countries, as the quality of the products is not inferior to that of European manufacturers, but differs significantly from them at a lower price.

"Lidea" are very popular. They are panel radiators consisting of one, two and three panels. They are produced with side and bottom connections. The devices are equipped with a removable grille, which allows to clean the internal surfaces of the radiator without problems.

Radiators of this manufacturer have the following technical characteristics:

• Maximum working pressure in the system is 8,9 bar.
• Thickness of steel for the manufacture of 1.2 mm.
• The heatsink power at a coolant temperature of 70˚ is:

- with one panel - 317 ÷ 2376 W;

- with two panels - 560 ÷ -4203 W;

- with three panels - 791 ÷ -5931 W;

• The volume of heat carrier in one panel, depending on the size - 0,9-6,6 l.
• Dimensional parameters vary:

- height - 300 ÷ 700 mm;

- length - 400 ÷ 3000 mm;

- the depth of one panel is 10 ÷ -20 mm.

• The weight of one panel depends on its dimensions and can be from 2.9 to 17.7 kg.

Video: presentation video about panel radiators of the brand "Lideya"

Panel radiators "Conrad"

Panel radiators "Konrad" are made by the Russian manufacturer - the group of companies "Konrad" which includes the OJSC "Mechanical Plant" in St. Petersburg. This manufacturer also presents all types of radiators with side and bottom connections that have different parameters.

In the kit for each of its products, the manufacturer provides additional elements, such as brackets, the Maevsky crane, legs for installing radiators on floors, plugs and nipples.

Conrad Radiators are designed for a closed heating system and have the following technical characteristics:

• The maximum operating pressure in the system is 10 bar.
• Pressure testing pressure - 15 bar.
• The thickness of the steel sheet for manufacturing is 1.4 mm.
• The heatsink power at a coolant temperature of 70˚ is:

- with one panel - 501 ÷ 1500 W;

- with two panels - 615 ÷ 2571 W;

The volume of coolant in one panel, depending on the size - up to 5.13 liters.

• Dimension parameters vary:

- height - 500 mm;

- length - 538 ÷ 1282 mm;

- the depth of one panel is 30 mm.

• The weight of one panel depends on its dimensions and can be from 7.8 to 17.9 kg.

Panel radiators «Kermi»

«Kermi» - this German company is perhaps the most popular manufacturer of steel panel batteries in the Russian market. Radiators are manufactured from the lateral - FKO( Profil-K) and bottom-FTV( Profil-V) coolant supply, but they can only be installed in an autonomous system, since they are designed for pressure up to 8.7 bar.

. The advantages of this product include the execution of devices in any color range. However, the painting is made to order, and the serial color of the radiators is white.

Technical characteristics of Kermi products:

• The maximum working pressure in the system is 8.7 bar.
• The maximum temperature of the heat carrier is 110 ° C.Pressure testing pressure - 13 bar.
• The thickness of the steel sheet for the manufacture of panels is 1.4 mm.
• Power of the radiator at a coolant temperature of 70˚ is:

- with one panel - 273 ÷ 3144W;

- with two panels - 480 ÷ 5424 W;

- with three panels - 876 ÷ 6567 watts.

• The volume of heat carrier in one panel, depending on the size - 3,3 ÷ 9,9 l.
• Dimensional parameters vary:

- height - 300 ÷ 500 mm;

- length - 400 ÷ 3000 mm;

- the depth of one panel is 59 mm.

• The weight of one panel depends on its dimensions and can range from 7.8 to 17.9 kg.

Steel Radiators "Prado"

"Prado" are radiators of the Russian manufacturer OJSC "Progress", located in Izhevsk. Batteries are manufactured with the lower "Universal" and side "Classic" connection. In addition to each radiator includes parts such as an air vent - the Maevsky crane, brackets, a plug, and a thermostatic regulator.

The technical characteristics of the batteries of this manufacturer are as follows:

• The maximum working pressure in the system is 8,8 bar. The pressure test pressures are 13.32 bar.
• The thickness of the steel sheet for the manufacture of panels is 1.4 mm.
• Power of the radiator at a coolant temperature of 70˚ is:

- with one panel - 210 ÷ 1555 W;

- with two panels - 340 ÷ 2519 W;

• The volume of coolant in one panel, depending on the size - 0,75 ÷ 5,69 l.
• Dimensional parameters vary:

- height - 300 mm;

- length - 400 ÷ 3000 mm;

- the depth of one panel is 10 or 20 mm.

• The weight of one panel depends on its dimensions and can range from 3.3 to 19.2 kg.

How to choose the right radiators for the thermal power of

As was promised, for the convenience of selecting the radiators for a particular room, the methodology for calculating the required heat output is given.

It is generally accepted that 100 square meters of heat should be supplied per 1 square meter of the area. However, this calculation is somewhat "messed up", since it does not take into account many specific moments. Here you can include the climatic conditions of the region of residence, and the features of the premises, and a number of other important circumstances. As a result, the resulting result may be quite different from the actual requirements for heat output.

A special calculator placed below will help you quickly and accurately calculate the required heat output. Enter the requested values ​​sequentially - and the result will be obtained in watts, taking into account 10% of the stock.

If any data are unknown, or the reader deems them to be insignificant, you can not enter them. But in this case the program will give the result for the most unfavorable external conditions.

Since steel radiators are an integral construction, the resulting value will become a reference point for the acquisition of a finished model of the corresponding heat output.

Calculator for calculating the required heat output of a steel radiator

So, when choosing radiators for heating,made of different materials, as well as to calculate the necessary power for each of the rooms. In addition, it would be nice to study the testimonials of customers who have already installed radiators. Only after making sure that the attracted models are ideally suited for all parameters for home or apartment, you can go for a purchase.

At the end of the article - a video story with recommendations for the selection and installation of steel radiators.

Video: overview of steel radiators