Hinged roof or four-slope roof

A roof or a four-slope roof is one of the most popular roofing options in the construction of individual housing all over the world.

Unlike the gable roof of the house, along which the pediments are mounted on the sides, the four-pitched roof has additional slopes in the form of a triangle.

The four-high roof by our own hands is very difficult to perform, and if you are interested in how to make a gable roof, you should first acquaint yourself with the theoretical part.

Before you start, you should carefully calculate everything, draw up drawings and a project in which you need to specify the placement of various elements and other design features.

Design of a four-slope roof

Calculation of a four-slope roof and the design must take into account all loads that will influence the construction.

The design should be very strong, withstand strong wind, snow and other weather conditions. On how well the roof material will be selected, the life of the roof depends also.

That's why when creating a project and drawings, it's very important to calculate everything correctly. Project of a four-pitched roof in the photo:

Before creating a draft and a draft of a four-slope roof of the house, you first need to find out the slope angle of the skates, which depends on many factors, such as the purpose of the attic, the choice of the roof material, and the peculiarities of atmospheric influences.

Most often, the angle of the roof of individual houses is from 5 to 60 degrees.

If the precipitation and wind in your region are not very strong, then the slope of the structure may be negligible.

If in your area there are often heavy rains, and in winter snowfalls, then the angle of inclination of the four-pitched roof of houses should be from 40-45 to 60 degrees.

On the variant, what kind of tilt angle the construction will have, the finishing material and also the mounting features also depend:

• if the angle of inclination is less than 18 degrees, for the roof use wavy and flat slate, as well as roll materials for the roof;
• when the angle of inclination is up to 30 degrees, usually use the variety of shingles;
• for a roof with a slope angle of at least 30 degrees, usually use piece material.

Calculate the roof slope in the photo.

The design and design calculation should take into account where all elements of the roofing system will be located. When you have determined the angle of the slope of a four-slope roof, you also need to calculate the height of the ridge.

Roof truss system

The roofing system of this type of private house means the calculation of the required rafter section. Calculation is made based on the load to receive which will be your gable roof.

Calculations, as well as design designs should include wind load, the maximum possible snow mass in winter, the angle of the roof.

When calculating the distance between rafters, you need to assess their ability to withstand loads, as well as a margin of their strength, which should be 1.4 or more.

The type of truss device depends on the features of the structure, and therefore can be different.

If the house has a bearing wall or supports from the pillars, then the use of layered rafters, if the support is not possible, then the rafters are made.

In some buildings both types of rafters are used simultaneously.

When carrying out the drawing and the design of the future construction, it is important not only to determine the type of the truss system, but also to take into account additional fasteners that will give the structure strength and reduce the load on the beams.

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Calculating Roof Loads

When designing a drawing and a roofing project for individual houses, it is important to correctly calculate the loads.

There are loads of these types:

• constants - the weight of the insulation material, the various materials of finish and insulation, the weight of the
• materials for the roof and the weight of the crate;
• temporary - the weight of snow in winter, the negative effect of wind;
• additional - various designs that attach to the roof.

When creating a draft and a drawing of the roof of your house, you should adhere to the average value of the snow load, which is 180 kg per square meter.

But if the angle of inclination is equal to 60 degrees or more, then the snow load is not taken into account.

With regard to wind loads, their average value is usually 35 kg per square meter, but if the roof slope is less than 30 degrees, this correction is not taken into account.

It is also necessary to calculate the weight of additional loads, in which the role can be venting chambers, water tanks and other structures that are located in the attic.

Before starting work, it is also necessary to calculate the strength of the structure and the possible degree of deformation of the various elements of the roof.

You can calculate this yourself, or you can use special calculator programs to help you calculate these parameters.

After completing all the calculations, you can proceed with the selection of the material for the roofing device.

The picture below shows the structure of the four-slope roof and the name of all elements of the structure.

Selection of roofing materials

When the area of ​​a gable roof is covered with roofing material, a lot of waste remains.

Therefore, to cover the area of ​​a four-pitched roof, usually choose such roofing materials, the elements of which are small in size.

The most common materials for covering the roof area are flexible or conventional roof tiles, slate sheets, ondulin, metal tiles.

To build a roof that will last several decades, it is necessary to pay special attention to the selection of materials for the truss system.

Usually for the construction of a four-slope roof using sawn softwood.

Do not neglect the quality of wood, choose a material without defects, which can further reduce the quality and durability of the structure.

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An important criterion for choosing sawn timber is its humidity, which should be no more than 15 - 20%.

If this value is exceeded, the bar should be dried before use, so that during the service the four-pitched roof is not distorted and deformed.

The device of rafters for a roof of the house is usually carried out by means of a rectangular bar, section of which for each separate case should be calculated.

To construct such a design, boards with a rectangular section of 50 by 100, 50 by 200, 100 by 150 and others are usually used.

If there is a need, then during the work can be doubled boards to obtain the desired diameter.

To build a gable roof, often use special steel elements that firmly hold the rafters in one position for many years.

In addition, supports for ridge runs are also often made of metal.

Construction of a four-slope roof

All wooden parts for the roof frame are treated with a special compound that will protect the tree from fire. In places where the cant be adjacent to a brick or stone, it must be turned into a waterproofing.

Begin the device of a four-pitched roof from the installation along the perimeter of the roof area of ​​the Mauerlat building.

Fasten it with wire loops or pins, which are embedded in a wall or in slabs. Next, install a central beam, which is located on the central axis of the house.

It must be supported by a slab or an internal wall.

To make the structure absolutely symmetrical, it is important to correctly calculate and mark the location of the diagonal rafters, as well as the ridge supports.

The height of the ridge should also be marked with maximum precision.

Clear symmetric marking of the structure will make the distribution of the load uniform and prevent the distortion of the roof in the future.

After the perimeter of the roof area was installed Mauerlat, put the beams under the ridge run. The height of the ridge should strictly correspond to the design drawings.

To the ridge beam diagonal beams are further attached, for which a bar or a double board is used.

Diagonal beams withstand high loads during service, so they must be installed very qualitatively.

If the length of the beam or board is not enough, the diagonal supports are made of two parts. To ensure that the joint does not experience the maximum load, a support bar is installed under it.

The most rigid construction can be made by placing the joint with the support at a distance that is equal to the fourth part of the length of the rafter beam from its upper edge, which is attached to the ridge.

It is best to make the device of diagonal rafters using prefabricated legs for rafters, which are easy to assemble. The process of installing a diagonal rafter you can look at the video.

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Next, the rafters are installed for the crate.

The construction of this roof involves the installation of not only full length rafters, which are connected to the ridge, but also those that are attached to diagonal beams - nazhnikov.

The closer to the corner of the house, the shorter the narrators.

The distance between the rafters is determined during the development of the roof project, but it should be borne in mind that each ramp must have at least three central rafters.

To make the structure of maximum rigidity in the required places fasten the supports, braces and tightenings. The scheme of fixing the rafters can be seen in the photo.

The final stage of the roof installation is the installation of the roof rafters. Usually, a bar measuring 50 to 50 mm is used for the crate. The step of the battens depends on what type of roofing material you have chosen.

Further on the whole area waterproofing and roofing material are fixed, and from the inside, a vapor barrier and a heater are fixed throughout the area.

If the attic space is to be used as a living room, ventilation should also be installed.

Further, the area of ​​the four-slope roof is covered with roofing material, for which it is fixed with screws to the crate. Then set the skate, which covers the distance between the slopes.

To date, all manufacturers of roofing materials also offer ridge details of the same textures and colors.

On the four-pitched roof set the main horse, and skates, which cover the gaps between the main ramps and hips.

Complete the installation of a gable roof by installing eaves and gutters. The whole process is shown in the video.

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