Piping in the bathroom: how to make the right scheme of pipes in an apartment with their own hands

In the issue of home repair, one can not ignore the installation of pipes in the bathroom and toilet. The wiring diagram should simultaneously provide a convenient location of plumbing fixtures, access to key components for repair and fit well into the current or future interior.

Often, when repairing in old premises, replace worn out water risers and supply pipes. In this case, you can face certain difficulties, because not all obsolete and faulty elements can be replaced with modern ones. Very often the new plumbing is different in installation dimensions, the diameter of the connecting thread and the method of attachment. In such cases it is necessary to provide a new scheme for supplying and connecting plumbing fixtures.

Let's take a closer look at the ways and rules of water distribution.

The layout of the connecting elements, cranes, water meters and pipe elements will be absolutely necessary for a quality result. It will help to calculate the number of connections and taps, to determine the location of the plumbing and to save time and materials.

Standard in the wiring diagram include the following mandatory elements:

• Water meters;
• Shut-off and control valves;
• Filter elements;
• Fittings( couplings, angles, seaweeds, adapters);
• Reducing valves;
• Check Valves;
• Approach from riser to heated towel rail;
• Sewer Collector.

Having decided for yourself where the plumbing devices will be located, you, on the basis of their dimensions, calculate the length and diameter of the inlet sections. After calculating the length of the sections and the number of additional parts, it remains to choose the appropriate kind of wiring.

Currently, the following types are recommended for plumbing:

• Collector ( with parallel connection of each object to main pipes);
• Serial ( connection of each object to the main pipe via a separate tee);
• With pass-through sockets ( similar to the serial, but instead of tees install sockets).

The latest laying scheme is used only in private houses. It will require the installation of an additional pump for supporting water and laying pipes of considerable length.

In the apartments, the first two schemes are used, they will be discussed in more detail.

Among the existing proposals for the organization of water supply - this is the most reliable and practical. Each consumer is connected through its supply steam, with the help of cranes, the water supply to it can be adjusted at any time or completely cut off. Cranes are located on one small collector, which is hidden in a special cabinet. The supply pipes have a minimum of connections, and their laying can be carried out concealed.

Of course, this option is quite expensive, becauseneed stopcocks for each connection to the manifold. The work itself is laborious and will require accuracy of calculation and execution, so it will be more reasonable to entrust it to an experienced master. But the advantages are obvious: for maintenance and repair of washing machines, mixers and other devices do not have to disconnect from the water supply the entire bathroom at once.

This type of pipe laying is suitable for rooms with a small number of consumers( common mixer for washbasin and bathtub and access to a washing machine).A sequential scheme is convenient to implement if the bathroom is finished finishing work. Pipe laying using this scheme, as a rule, is open. In the tee scheme, the pipes have a small number of connections and are compact. The process of assembling itself is straightforward - you simply lay the main line from one consumer to another along the way bringing out the supply tubes from the tees. Such a procedure does not require the expenditure of a large amount of materials and additional expenditure.

But when there are a lot of water intake points in your bathroom( separate faucets for a washbasin and a bath, a boiler, a washing machine, a bathroom, a dishwasher), the work of this scheme becomes unsatisfactory. There may be a lack of water pressure for the simultaneous operation of all consumers.

In both cases, the has a number of nuances that are always taken into account when assembling a water pipe layout:

• The number of connections must be minimal;
• The pipe and couplings must be made of homogeneous materials;
• Pipes should be thermally insulated to prevent condensation from settling on them;
• Requires free access to plug-in connections, filters and meters.

When considering piping for communications, be aware that different materials are adapted to certain operating conditions and are seriously price different.

For example, metal pipes are made of galvanized steel or copper. The first are characterized by good heat transfer and strength. The latter are more durable and easily accept the given shapes, but at the same time are the most expensive.

A cheaper alternative to steel and copper are plastic products. Plastic and plastic pipes almost completely replaced stainless steel pipes in the plumbing sector. Easy to handle and durable, they have made progress in quality and speed of installation.

Among their advantages, we note the following :

• pipes are easily connected by soldering, the joints themselves are resistant to pressure drops;
• plastic is not susceptible to corrosion, the inner surface is not silted and does not get lime;
• products from polypropylene are cheaper than metal.

It should be noted that pipes made of metal-plastic are less plastic, brittle and do not tolerate water hammers. Metal-plastic products are usually used for sewage collection.

There are 3 ways to organize the communications in the bathroom.

External wiring .Occurs when it is impossible to hide the pipes in the walls. This type of wiring allows you to constantly monitor the appearance of the connections and easily disassemble them in the event of clogging or replacement parts. Also, it is cheaper at attracting installers to the installation - from 7,000 rubles together with materials.

Concealed wiring .Due to the fact that all connections and areas are hidden under the lining, and only fittings for connections are outwards, this type of liner does not violate the interior design. Pipes are securely hidden in the walls can not be damaged by carelessness. But the process of doing laying works takes more time and effort. Before laying the walls, shtrobyat - cut channels for the placement of pipes. After laying the walls are closed, while maintaining the plane. Pipeline before installation should be clad in a casing according to construction norms.

As a result, the hidden method of laying is much more expensive than the routing of pipes outside( from 12,000 rubles). Well, if we talk about load-bearing walls, then slugging them is prohibited in principle.

Combined gasket is to lay pipes on the surface of unlined walls with the subsequent installation of decorative false panels or boxes that conceal the pipeline. This is a rather difficult method, since it will be necessary to harmoniously enter the projecting parts of the box into the interior and keep the cozy atmosphere in the room. Here, the profiling of the shape of the box by means of plasterboard and the external finishing with tiles and decorative elements come to the rescue.

heated towel rail The supply pipes can be pulled to the heated towel rail from the heating stand or from the hot water main. It should be noted that when working from the CO, the radiator will function only in the heating season. Also the tie-in of the outlets to the heating system will require for a while to shut off the flow on the riser, that the representatives of the housing and communal services do for a fee. In winter, such work is not carried out at all because of the risk of freezing the pipe.

Therefore, it will be more efficient to connect from a hot pipeline. Thus for convenience and economy of hot water between the highway and towel warmer we recommend to put the bypass jumper .It connects the straight and return pipes, and the ball valves in front of the coil and after it will allow the towel holder to be cut off in case it is replaced or to keep the heat.

When laying the supply pipes, it is necessary to withstand exactly 2 dimensions: the interaxial distance of the radiator connections and the minimal distance from the bathroom wall. For radiators with pipe diameters up to 23 mm, it is equal to 35 mm, for pipes with a diameter exceeding 25 mm - 50 mm. In general, 2-3 cranes for a bypass jumper, 2 tees for the main pipe and its terminals, 2 tees for the bypass and 2 couplings for connecting the coil are needed for connecting the heated towel rail.

The construction of sewer pipes is carried out taking into account a number of requirements for normal drainage and prevention of water stagnation. These requirements are as follows:

• The slope towards the drain manifold is maintained. Its value is from 0.02 to 0.03 of the total length of the gasket.
• When assembling, it is not allowed to install bends at right angles.
• In sections before turns, where blockages are possible, it is necessary to put revisions - tees with a removable cover. When the gasket is hidden, it is necessary to leave a viewing window opposite the revision.
• The diameter of the pipes must ensure good crossability for drains. The toilet bowls are connected to the collector pipes by not less than 100 mm in diameter, and the sinks and baths - by pipes with dimensions of 50-75 mm;
• During assembly, leave a margin for thermal expansion: the end of the pipe should not rest on the joint and not reach the bottom by 10 mm.

To obtain the required slope value, use the construction level when marking the fasteners of the yokes

With the finished pipe laying scheme and the selected laying method, you can start assembling the system. It should be noted that it will not be possible to independently assemble the steel and copper pipes. Working with them requires skills in handling the welding machine and the accuracy of processing. Such a force is only an experienced professional. Therefore, in this section we describe the installation technique of polypropylene pipes. It is easy to learn and will require strict adherence to instructions.

Prepare for work all the necessary materials and tools:

• Soldering iron for plastic pipes with nozzles of the desired diameter;
• Turbinka( Bulgarian);
• Pipe cutter or hacksaw for metal;
• Rotary hammer;
• Sealing winding made of linen or pakli;
• Dowels with screws;
• Polypropylene pipes;
• Adjustable wrenches;
• Ball valves;
• Adapter couplings, bends, tees.
• Mechanical cleaning filters;
• Pressure reducer.

pipes Begin with the dismantling of previously installed communications. To do this, we shut off the water supply and distribute the detachable joints to drain the water. We unscrew all threaded joints and remove old cranes, couplings and tees. Elements, which are still in good condition and do not have any contamination inside, are completely fit for spare parts. Welded joints are cut by the Bulgarian. To get to the areas hidden in the walls use a puncher with a chisel.

If the fitting on the riser is threaded, a new control valve is attached to it, followed by a filter and a water meter. If the old pipe was fixed to welding, then we retreat from the seam of 10-15 centimeters, cut the pipe and cut the thread with a lance.

Pipes will be attached to the connecting elements by soldering. For soldering, first install the cartridges and kegs of the correct size and turn on the palm. The optimum temperature for soldering 260 degrees, the corresponding mark is on the device's toggle switch.

The heating time of the parts depends on the diameter and thickness of the pipe walls. You can independently find tables where it is normalized. In normal seconds, 5-7 is enough. The molten pipe or coupling without effort is rotated on the sleeve or pin and can be easily removed. After removing from the soldering iron two parts must be connected instantly. Press it all the way in, but without strong pressure. Within 3-5 seconds, you can rotate the parts, if suddenly set them crookedly. After the connected areas will finally grab and can not be separated any more. For practice, it does not hurt to practice on unnecessary trimming.

Pipes will be fastened along the walls due to plastic clamps. Those in turn are pressed against the walls with screws. Their design makes it easy to fix the pipe by snapping the lock and releasing it as easily.

After completing the installation, we will check the build quality. For a quarter of an hour, open the cold water supply. Then pass the hot water through it at the same time. Carefully check the condition of the threaded and soldered joints. In case of leaks, replace the unreliable connection immediately. In this case, it will be superfluous to stock up a couple more fittings.

Some tricks to simplify the work:

1. Pre-mark and drill the holes for the dowels in advance and secure the clamps. You do not need to tighten the yokes tightly until you try the pipe on them.
2. To align tees and corners exactly, try them on the pipe before soldering and mark with a marker.
3. Pipes can be braked on the weight and the harnesses already assembled are fastened to the clamps. To collect everything, the previous prompt will help you.

In order to protect yourself while working, prepare yourself a workplace - remove everything that prevents you from reaching the pipe installation sites. Before working in the bathroom, make sure that there are no open electrical outlets and bare wires nearby. After covering the water on the riser, open the duct to all valves to ensure that there are no gaps through the shut-off valve.

Working with the soldering iron will require caution to avoid burns and fire. Do not leave the soldering iron unattended, always install it on a special stand when not in use. Choose for him a place on a fireproof surface away from flammable materials and liquids.

Take care of your own health and safety. Go to work in overalls from thick jeans with long sleeves and pants. Skirt on the feet of good work shoes. Cover your hands with gloves made of durable fabric. To protect the eyes before working with a puncher, wear safety goggles or a mask