Air heating systems: heating and air conditioning

From the comfort of indoor climate, especially during the cold time of the year, largely depends on the quality of life. One of the most important indicators is the convenience temperature. Its increase in homes and buildings for production purposes is performed by using thermal energy. heating, there are several ways. And among them - increasingly popular air heating system.

Air heating of premises: an excursion into history

If we look at the history of mankind, it is safe to state that the first homes heating process is carried out is by air: in a cave open fire. Then, with the advent of the home, the man began to create air heating system.

The first written description of such a system (hypocaust) appeared in the I century BC. e. Its author was a Roman architect Vitruvius. Heating was carried out in two stages. Outdoors were laid furnace, hot smoke by the vent channels comes under the floor and in the walls. After oven attenuated, closed smoke channels. However other open through which air is supplied from the outside, passing through the furnace, heated, fresh, warm hit the housing.

So what about creating a modern, brand new air heating systems will be wrong. The existence of such heating, and even with the use of ventilation, goes back many centuries. Hypocaust was a fairly expensive system, so that was available only to the rich.

Next, a landmark for the development of engineering era dates back to XV century, it has given mankind a Russian stove. Air is directly in contact with the heated surface reducing heat losses and increasing efficiency. air heating price is significantly reduced and the efficiency increased.

Further air heating systems gradually upgraded and improved. Furnace steel making is not only made of stone, but of different kinds of metal. The system started to introduce pumps, fans, air purification was carried out, moistening. Began to apply automation, electronic control.

Classification air heating systems, ventilation

There are several modern air home heating systems. Their classification is based on the process air flow depends on the characteristics of devices used, and the air space mounting structure. By way of air circulation are distinguished:

1. Mechanical systems. Movement of the air flow duct is provided fans.
2. Systems, which are based on natural circulation method. The temperature difference, the presence of hot and cold streams provide movement of air masses (according to the laws of physics).

Classification by type of device:

1. Central system. Designed for heating large areas.
2. Local. Provide the necessary temperature in individual rooms or zones.

Depending on the process ventilation systems are divided into the following types:

1. Recirculation. It involved only air heated space.
2. Designs with partial recirculation.
3. Blowing. Combustion air is from the outside.

Placements are distinguished:

• Floor device;
• suspension structures.

Each of the systems is different number of components, mounting method and operational characteristics. Outdoor mechanical recycle option is the most accessible type of system. Providing an external air intake requires assistive devices, thus complicating assembly and attracting additional investments.

Useful advice!Before you choose a system of air space heating, it is necessary to consult with a specialist who knows the features of housing, which will be installed heating.

The equipment for air heating private houses

Vozduhoobogreva mounted device is a central air conditioning system, clock providing heating and air circulation, to maintain the desired temperature room. Traditionally, air heating system consists of the following parts:

• heater;
• fan;
• duct;
• additional modules.

The main mechanism of the air system is a heater. They can be of two types:

1. Heaters, duct assemblies. The air is heated at the time of ventilation passing through the warmed channels.
2. Heat generators. Warmed air by burning of fuels.

Air heating in a private house, in production areas equipped with fans, which provide a sampling of cold and warm air movement. They vary in power, the principle of operation (blower and exhaust) and performance. The ducts may have two purposes:

• intake (feeding air to the heating devices);
• reverse (transporting already heated air).

Installation of air heating systems involves placing Air Release channel under the raised floor, above the false ceiling, in the ceiling and walls.

Many such systems have auxiliary modules, which aim to further purification of air and moisture. For air cleaning filters are used. In most cases it is a multi-stage device that first detects the large particles, then electrostatic plastic layer smaller delays (up to 0.01 micron) components, and charcoal mechanism that removes odors, lets in fresh and warm air.

Modern air for heating equipment presented in the domestic market, is equipped with a steam humidifier, which are installed behind the heater. They have a sensor, which regulates the degree of humidity in the room.

Types of heat generators for air heating

Heat generator - this air heating unit that generates heat by combustion of a fuel. The power efficiency, the method of installation, operation features namely fuel type are determined largely. For home heating, community facilities are primarily used these types of units:

1. Pyrolysis boilers. For solid fuels of vegetable origin (wood burning, wood industry waste, pellets, briquettes, peat).
2. Gas-fired boilers. Burn natural gas.

Useful advice!Before installing heating and air conditioning system, implying a long service life, it is necessary to calculate the correct fuel resources. Switch to another type of fuel requires almost complete replacement of the system.

these types of generators can also be used for air heating large production areas:

1. Diesel. They run on diesel. Their dressing is carried out once a day (that's the average, there are models that can not be charged in 2-3 days).
2. Universal heat generators. As a fuel for them, too, used diesel, as well as the mining oils be disposed of vegetable fats.

These fuels are cheap, which significantly reduces the economic costs of the enterprises for heating industrial premises.

The operating principle of the solid fuel boiler air heating

The foundation of any heating system is a heating unit. For air system it may be a solid fuel boiler. The main types of fuel for this type of heater are wood and wood residues. The solid fuel boiler is traditionally included the following elements:

1. Firebox. The chamber in which the combustion process takes place directly.
2. Luke. Through the furnace is loaded timber.
3. Grid-irons. The lattice through which the wake ash and unburned fuel residues.
4. Podzolnik. Located below the firebox. This is where the accumulated combustion residues.

When choosing a boiler for heating the air for private homes often enough preference pyrolysis type. This heating structure has two combustion chambers. In one main fuel is burned, and the second by combining with oxygen to ignite wood gases, releasing large amounts of heat. The best solid fuel fired boilers air supply is carried out manually. The more expensive models are installed fans, which are included automatically. To improve the efficiency of the boiler chimneys equipped with exhaust fans, task - the maximum output from the furnace combustion products.

For convenient and safe use of modern models of solid fuel boilers can be equipped with additional devices:

• automatic ignition;
• air blowers;
• temperature sensors regulating the combustion process;
• devices, exercising fuel supply.

Important! For a system in which the ducts are located in the lower part of the space definitely need a boiler with forced air circulation.

gas-air heating equipment, its operation

Quite often, in the air heating systems as heat generators are installed boilers. The fuel in this case is mainly a gas main (transition propane-butane burner requires conversion). The principle of operation of the data units is the following: burning, gas heats a heat exchanger through which forcibly blows air, subsequently entering the premises.

To install a gas boiler for heating the air of a private house, you must obtain permission and make a connection projects to the total input, wiring for house building. This documentation requires strict adherence to certain standards and specifications.

The major distinguishing characteristics of gas heating boilers are:

• High-efficiency, increased levels of efficiency achieved up to 92%;
• moderate size;
• low noise levels;
• High degree of protection provided by the sensors.

The advantage of the gas as fuel for the heater consists in the fact that during the combustion of heavy it does not emit harmful products such as soot, ash, soot. Gas-air heating systems installed in private homes and in industrial premises.

air heating calculation: key indicators and requirements

Any heating system and air in particular, requires a correct and precise calculations. Instructions to the heating units contain enough information that plan. In its basis - the average data and theoretical conclusions. When planning an air heating system calculations are best left to professionals who have hands-on experience in plants.

Related article:

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The main indicators are considered when calculating the system are:

1. Air flow for the heating system. The median - 1500-3500 m³ / h.
2. The pressure in the system. It is 150 Pa.
3. The boiler output. It differs in different models and types.
4. The amount of heat loss. This figure depends on the specific technical conditions of the room.

Heat losses can be calculated by the following formula:

Q = S * T / R, wherein

Q - heat losses;
S - area of ​​the room (or building);
T - a difference of temperature indicators inside and outside;
R - thermal resistance structures.

Illiterate implementation of the calculations can lead to the absence of the expected results, and even significant negative consequences:

• during operation of the heat generator may overheat, the system as a whole will be blocked sensors;
• may cause considerable noise, vibration duct;
• there is a danger of air violations of the cycle, which leads to a temperature imbalance.

The total length of the central duct does not exceed 30 m Additional branches -. Not more than 15 m power coal-fired boiler for heating a dwelling house may be 20-50 kW.. To ensure air heating greenhouses, conference rooms, halls, and so on. D. used boilers up to 1MW. Production halls, shopping malls may provide heating device output power of 5 to 10 mW.

Useful advice!Choosing the boiler for heating the air, it is better to give preference to the unit, has the ability to control the combustion process. The cost will be repaid quickly enough economical fuel consumption.

Operational features of air heating Vulcan

All air heating systems are divided into local and channel. Local construction involves the installation of a heat source directly into the room which is to be heated. only heats the air around the equipment itself. Channel system provides transportation of warm air into other rooms. High local air space heating system is a volcano. The equipment produces a Polish company EuroHeat. It is a compound of the water heater and the fan. This recirculation system, it does not involve a fence outside air.

This machine coolant is hot water. It should be supplied from the uninterruptible power whose temperature does not exceed 90 ° C. By using an axial fan air flow sucked in through the heat exchanger and fed back into the room already warm, being distributed guiding blinds. machine is controlled automatically, i.e. turning on and off the sensors managed by that fix the upper and lower thermal thresholds. Among the positive features of this type of air heater is to provide:

1. Quiet. It provides a form of blades and high-quality bearing fan.
2. The strength of the structural elements. resistant to mechanical stress and high temperature polymers are used to fabricate the housing.
3. Easy installation. It does not require special conditions, wiring diagram supplied with the unit and is accessible to everyone.
4. Moderate cost.

This type of air heater is used for areas of considerable size. In total the company produces 6 models with different power, size and quantity of blinds. It attaches great importance to the manufacturer appearance. Volcano units not only spoil the interior, but also can become part of the design.

Air heating private houses with their own hands

Make your own air heating is quite accessible. If this is performed on the stage of construction, rather than in the finished structure, the goal becomes more attainable. To understand how to make air heating in a private home, you must first define the desired result and then calculate the technical possibility of achieving it. Calculations - overriding step of the process. The algorithm for self-organization of heating air may be as follows.

At first, the calculations required to perform:

• quantities of warm air;
• heat loss;
• power necessary equipment.

These calculations produce a better (if there is no knowledge and personal experience) with the participation of the practitioner.

Helpful information!If there is a good modern insulation can be in the calculations take into account the following Proven performance: 10 m² floor space must be 750-800 watts of heat.

Then, based on calculations of the project creates air heating circuit. It should reflect the location of system components, power of the main unit, the diameter of the venting channels, and so on. D. You can take advantage of the proposed schemes on the Internet, but only if the technical conditions are suitable. Changes in finished drawings need to make with great care.

After that equipment is purchased. At this stage it is necessary to pay attention to the certification of the equipment and the maintenance instructions. In addition to the main units to be purchased ducts (preferably flexible, sound-absorbing). To prevent accumulation of condensate supply outlet should insulate insulation. For these purposes, it is recommended to apply insulation foil thickness of 5 mm. To connect the duct tape is convenient to use. A good option - reinforced aluminum. Suitable as metal ties or the heat-resistant plastic.

Next, you direct mounting system. It must be carried out before finishing. If the heating system is installed in a room with a completed finish, should pay special attention to the aesthetics of the boxes that cover the air vents.

Air heating systems of industrial premises

air heating system for industrial premises significant differences from this method of heating private houses do not have. the same heater, heat, fans can be used. The only difference lies in the large size of the room, requiring appropriate equipment capacity.

In the design of production facilities Heating systems important thing is to comply with fire regulations. Depending on the operational features of the production area, they may be prohibited from placing gas heat generators. In such cases, they endure outside the premises. Actively used for air heating of industrial objects diesel generators. They are characterized by large capacity, allowing to mount branched duct system.

A special indicator in the performance of the air circuit of the heating system is the height of ceilings. Warm air must be directed to the desired area of ​​the room. This task is best cope heaters. The use of these units for heating has the following advantages:

• quick installation of the inexpensive (heaters are mounted on the wall or ceiling), it can be made by employees;
• there is no need to lay heating mains and air ducts, therefore, need little investment;
• able to direct the warm air flow in the desired zone;
• It does not require constant monitoring and maintenance;
• low noise level, which is relevant for many types of industries.

Air heating ventilation is characterized by a minimum level of heat loss and energy consumption. In addition to heating, it is also used for drying wood and other materials on an industrial scale. For heating of industrial premises are also used heat guns. These devices are connected to a voltage of 380 watts. The heated air is given targeted ranged powerful stream.

Air heating system of a private house: an alternative to costly to heating

Philosophical statement "You have to compare" is quite applicable to understanding the advantages and disadvantages of this technical object, as a heating device in the house. Air heating can be compared to water, which is most commonly used for home heating. Without delving into the power and performance indicators, form the primitive circuit systems:

• water heating: boiler - radiators - air;
• air heating: the heat generator (or heater) - air.

The reaction heat with the air in the second case is performed over a short path. Consequently, heat loss is minimized, the amount of fuel for heating the air is reduced. The disadvantages of the water system and is attributed inert circulating air, whereby air exchange between the warm and cold layers of upper lower runs slowly.

Similar comparisons of the results can also be obtained by comparing the air heating system and method "Heated floor", which uses both water and electricity. And water, electricity and heat, first floor, and then to the air in contact with them. Moreover, the second heat source need still significant cost electricity.

Useful advice!When choosing a particular type of heating is necessary to take into account that the air system can perform, in addition to heating and air-conditioning facilities.

The use of free energy: solar air heating

Solar energy is today used as an industrial scale, and for the sustenance of private homes. Use this free source can almost every owner of house-building, in particular for space heating. The financial cost is only required for the acquisition of equipment and installation of air heating. The whole system is quite simple and consists of an external unit, which is a flat box, arranged as follows:

• walls are made of wood boards or plywood;
• used for manufacturing profiled bottom, painted black. The applied paint should provide an intense light absorption;
• cover glass or a transparent polycarbonate.

Solar energy heats the air in the box, which is fed by a fan in the room. The simplicity of design and the availability of materials make it possible to mount a solar air heating system of the house with his own hands. This type of heating has indisputable advantages:

• low cost;
• high efficiency;
• the absence of the danger of overheating or overcooling (producing thermostable material, no liquid eliminates the freezing problem).

Positioning the collector should be on the roof on the south side, where the most concentrated solar energy. Solar air heating can not provide space heating throughout the season. Rather, it can be a supplement to the main heating. However, in the spring and autumn period it is ensure needs, while significantly reducing the financial costs for heat transfer fluids.

Air heating private house: the pros and cons

The above information in this article largely reflects the positive characteristics of the heating system. The growing popularity of this method of heating is evidence of its effectiveness, affordability and environmental acceptability. The total list of benefits should be complemented by a few more:

• air heating allows you to organize zoned distribution of warm air;
• pipe duct is not susceptible to corrosion;
• in the winter season, such a system does not require any specific monitoring.

Once again it is worth noting that a significant advantage of the air of a private house heating system - the price. Its decline is not only due to the cost of the equipment, as because of the ease of installation and the lack of the need to prepare the project documentation (unless you are using a gas heat source). However, an objective evaluation is that an air heating system are inherent advantages and disadvantages. These designs have the following shortcomings:

• after stopping the operation of the heater air cooling takes place quickly enough;
• System efficiency is dependent on electricity as the air streams are injected away energized fan;
• without installing air filter into a room to be supplied with dust particles and unwanted contaminants;
• heat generators installed in the building are bulky, do not always fit into the interior.

Useful advice! When power outages occur frequently enough for stable operation of fans should buy a UPS.

Air heating, air-conditioned private home

For space heating can also be used with inverter air conditioners. Their cost is almost twice the price of similar units that perform the cooling function. When using the air conditioner there is no need of air heating system design. The air heated in the external unit, then the channel is transmitted to the inner and by the fan is directed into the room. Operational capabilities of the air conditioner is limited.

The external unit can not work at a temperature below -7 ° C (figure may vary in some models). Conventional split-system provides comfortable conditions in the room during the autumn and spring, when the central (or autonomous) heating systems have not yet been enabled or disabled.

Useful advice!When using a split system for heating is necessary to strictly observe the instructions given in the temperature level. The most common consequences of a breach of requirements - a burned-out compressor.

For year-round use of suitable air conditioners with heat pumps. Such units provide air conditioning and heating system even at -25 ° C. If a conventional air conditioner for heating the electrical energy is converted into heat, the pumping system pumps warm air from one environment to another. That is, during cooling, excess heat, with the participation of the refrigerant is discharged to the street - in the process of heating everything is exactly the opposite: the warm air raises the temperature of the cold street air.

Air heating private houses from the oven

In certain areas where there is no centralized gas supply and low fuel are wood, suitable for use in an air heating oven. This outdated method of heating housing is perceived today in a new way:

• constructive association furnace and fireplace helps create intimate interior;
• ecological material used for laying and naturalness of fuel create a comfortable atmosphere in the room;
• the furnace can be used not only for heating but also for cooking.

The main disadvantages inherent in this kind of heating are:

• Low efficiency index;
• great loss of heat due to the chimney;
• long time to warm up the furnace;
• dependence of the amount of heat from the stove sizes;
• uneven distribution of hot air throughout the room.

For heating 25m² room requires 1 m² stove.

Useful advice!If the area of ​​the room more than 30 m², then heating it as a fuel is better to use coal. It produces more heat, thus heating the air to the desired temperature need less time and fuel.

When using a furnace in an air heating system of a building with several rooms (three) for the qualitative space heating needs additional coolant - perhaps water.

Air heating private houses, ratings unity and contrast of opinions

"Air heating made in the country itself. Only 2 rooms, 42 square. The boiler took BTS, weak - 15 kW. He installed himself. I spent three channels, just along the wall, and the top one passes there, where the boiler, two - in the other room. They did not close. Appearance does not confuse, even interesting. Heated house, or rather the air immediately. But things walls are heated for a long time. We live there is impermanent, days to wait to become all warm. "

Eugene, Orekhovo

"Air heating the second year. All counted, provided for the scheme third of the price of all heating gave. Until then, until this year, the house is not insulated, it was cold. Despite all my efforts, in the house above +16 ° C temperature did not rise. Now here in the back room of the coldest +19 ° C. When air heating house should be sealed, then the result will be. "

Herman, Kursk

"Air heating as the heater. While working - heat turned off - and immediately cold. And no hot water, separate heating needs. Better batteries, and old-style cast-iron: and heat, and a dryer. "

Roman, Ekaterinburg

"If you make the air heating quality, it costs a lot of money. I have a house on 102 square meters. Channel Stacking took almost a week. Boiler room I did separately. Heat in the house, the temperature is adjusted quickly. Lodgings were batteries, performance is the same. The fact that the walls are free, well. With regard to the economy there "gas.

Vyacheslav, Belgorod

Analyzing the responses, we can conclude that each defines advantages and disadvantages based on personal preferences and expectations.

The air heating system, new possibilities

Air heating system is just beginning to win its place among other engineering projects in this sphere. Nonrandom divergent views on the degree of complexity of installation, quality of equipment efficiency. Even the price of the air of a private house heating some believe accessible, others - prohibitive.

Lack of sustainable valuation determinations or trends due to insufficient time period of use. any heating task - to heat the indoor air. Does the new possibilities the system described above? Absolutely. Two features in the operation of the system can be considered a technological achievement:

1. Air heating occurs directly, bypassing the radiator and the metal located therein water.
2. It is possible to control the power of air currents. With valves can increase or reduce their feeding to individual rooms or zones.

Comfort in the building is largely determined by the temperature and air quality. If the heating system can not only quickly heat it up, but clean, moisturize and distribute, it will surely find wide application.