GOST steel pipes: basic standards for quality products

Despite the fact that in recent years a considerable popularity for industrial and domestic purposes have found plastic pipes, steel products are still in high demand. This is due to a high strength material that can withstand significant mechanical loads. GOST steel pipes, which clearly defined the requirements for high-quality products, presented in a wide range.

Varieties steel tube depending on the type of product and the type of coating

Depending on the linear dimensions, method of manufacture, availability and variants coating steel pipes are classified into several types. Geometry section specifies options such products:

• round;
• square;

• rectangular;
• oval;
• segment;
• ribbed;
• hexagonal;
• octagonal.

The most popular in construction and industry is regulated by the GOST round steel tube, which depends on the gauge of the method of manufacturing products. For pipe production technology are electric and seamless. The first type is divided into several varieties:

• Products with direct sutures;
• pipe with a spiral seam;
• profile;
• water and gas.

Seamless steel products are classified into cold-and hot-tube.

Depending on the size of the outer diameter of the tube are distinguished:

• capillary - 0,3-4,8 mm;
• small diameter - 5-102 mm;
• average diameter - 102-426 mm.

With respect to the value of the outer diameter of the wall thickness of the product can be:

• osobotolstostennye;
• thick;
• normal;
• Thin-wall;
• extra thin-walled.

Steel products are unmeasured, dimensional or short length. Products with cut edges and burrs are removed in the first class, but simply clipped - for the second.

In the steel pipe is applied anticorrosive coating. For this purpose, the extruded polyethylene, hot or cold galvanizing, cement-sand mixture, polyethylene (in one, two or three standing) and epoxy-bitumen composition.

Key technologies of steel pipes

The steel pipe may be made with or without weld it. In the first embodiment, the production of products based on folding a flat sheet of steel. For direct interface curl steel strip into a pipe by means of rollers. The seam is welded by high frequency current or tungsten electrode in inert gas.

Important! Such a welding method provides the density and strength of the welded joint of steel water-gas supply pipes. GOST 3262-75 establishes common technical requirements for the production of these products.

For spiral seam steel strip rolled in a spiral.

Seamless products are made from steel rods using drilling techniques, casting, hot or cold deformation. In the first case, the raw material is poured into a special form with the rod. The second option involves drilling a hole cylinder of steel. Both of the above methods are applied in practice is extremely rare, due to the complexity of the process of manufacturing and high financial costs. Manufacturers deformation methods are advantageously used.

Seamless hot rolling is performed by heating the metal rod in the furnace for converting it into a cylinder, which is easy to do after reaching the ductile material. The resulting irregularly shaped workpiece is processed on a mill where the pipe steel seamless hot adjusted to the desired diameter and length.

In the method of cold deformation before machining a cylindrical workpiece on rollers precooled. Further, before the final calibration it is calcined.

Important! Thick steel pipe are performed solely by hot or cold deformation.

Technical features of steel pipes

Steel pipes are robust, reliable and durable products that can be used in various fields of construction, industry and household. They can be mounted in an open or closed manner. Steel pipelines are used for transporting gases and liquids, as a protection signal and power cables.

Despite the high strength properties, the use of metal pipes has its limitations associated with the freezing of products and their low resistance to corrosion and various deposits. In the case of using them for cold water, he is 10-20 years for heating - 10-15 years. Material capable of withstanding the working fluid temperature to 130 ° C and pressures up to 30 atm. Pipes made of metal characterized incombustibility and resistant to mechanical damage.

Useful advice!the pipe should be chosen with an anticorrosive coating for a longer service life of the steel products.

Among the shortcomings of the material can be isolated high mass product which depends upon the diameter and structure of its wall thickness, a high thermal conductivity, increased internal roughness. When installing metal pipes require special equipment, highly skilled craftsmen and substantial period of time. Since the material is characterized by instability against corrosion after installation of the pipe to be coated with paint. This procedure will not only improve the aesthetic appearance of products, but also to extend its service life.

The application of metal pipes GOST, pattern matching

Steel tubes are widely used general purpose to transport corrosive liquids, gases and granular materials. They can be used as an element of the fence, to create supports and scaffolding. Round pipes (GOST regulates technical requirements) are used as a cover for pulling cables. This is an indispensable element for the irrigation and irrigation systems. Steel pipes have been applied in the gas and oil industry.

Important! For arranging the main gas and oil pipelines, a separate gauge of electric steel pipes - GOST 20295-85.

Steel bent closed rectangular and square profiles are widely used for the erection of steel structures (GOST 30245-2003). Range square steel pipe sections determines the size of articles 40-300 mm and a wall thickness of 2-12 mm.

Profiled steel pipes are widely used in aviation, shipbuilding and mechanical engineering, in chemical laboratories. When assembling the heating system, hot and cold water supply pipelines used mainly for water product. Due to the high performance characteristics of pipes made of steel is often used in the manufacture of furniture. Welded steel pipes used in systems with moderate pressure and creating metal structures.

Spirally products used for laying of heating, high pressure trunk lines. They should not be used for oil and gas pipelines.

For transporting highly toxic materials used solely seamless steel pipe. They are also exploited for highways, able to withstand very high pressures, which include hydraulic systems, oil field, gas processing and oil and energy.

Gauge steel pipes

GOSTS steel regulate assortment of steel products, which are determined depending on the production technology of the material, whereby the installed type, brand and size of the products.

Steel pipes can be produced by one of the four technologies that defined the current standard:

• hot rolling implies production of seamless tubes from heated materials;

• cold rolling makes it possible to obtain seamless product from the cooled material;
• welded longitudinal rolling to yield metal products from sheet material straight seam;
• welded spiral rolling means producing a sheet metal tubular structures technology spiral seam.

Range circular steel tubes or profiled metal made by hot rolling technology is determined by two regulatory evidence: GOST Standard 8639-82 and 8732-78. In accordance with the GOST 8639-82 gauge steel square tube consists of products with a diameter of 60-180 mm and a wall thickness of 4-14 mm. Standard regulates production of round metal tubes with diameter 20-700 mm, in which the wall thickness is in the range 2,5-75 mm.

Range seamless steel rectangular or oval pipes made in cold rolling conditions using deformation principle cylindrical shaped workpiece is determined according to GOST 8639-82, GOST 8645-82, GOST 8734-75, GOST 8642-68.

The first normative document concerns the production and characteristics of the square steel pipes GOST sets for their diameter range 10-120 mm. GOST 8645-82 regulates gauge steel products rectangular size of 10x15 mm to 120x80 mm. The wall thickness of product varies between 1-9 mm. The third regulatory standard defines the gauge round tubes of steel, made by cold rolling. Size range is within 5-250 mm. The wall thickness, which determines the size of round steel products (GOST 8734-75), varies from 0.3 mm to 4 mm.

The article on the subject:

Channel: product dimensions or how to choose a suitable profile

Channel according to GOST, with their weight ratio. Main characteristics and dimensions of the running Grades - 10, 12, 14, 16 and 20.

Parameters metal pipes oval determine GOST 8642-68. Sizes of the external cross-section of products starts at 16h10 mm and comes to 90h32 mm. The wall thickness may be 0.5-2.5 mm.

Steel pipes GOST longitudinal and spiral rental

Gauge welded steel product depends on the type of seam, which docks edge metal blank that defines GOST. Electrically welded pipes with a longitudinal seam defined by the following standards: GOST 10704-91 and GOST 8645-82, GOST 8642-68, GOST 8639-82.

Steel tube (GOST 10704-91) manufactured 10-1420 mm diameter. The wall thickness of the product is in the range 1-32 mm. GOST 8645-82 regulates various shaped pipes with rectangular cross-section dimensions of 15x10 mm to 230h100 mm. The thickness of the product varies in the redistribution of 1-20 mm.

The following standard is used for metal products of the oval cross-section, the dimensions of which are within 6h3-90h32 mm. The wall thickness of the pipes may be within 0.5-2.5 mm. GOST 8639-82 fixes the technical parameters of manufacturing a shaped tube of square shape, sides of which begins size from 10 mm to 100 mm and ends. For such products, the thicknesses are in the range 1-5 mm.

Important!GOSTS steel pipes, in addition to sizes, regulate the level of tolerance in the linear dimension of the article.

Gauge steel pipes with spiral seam regulated GOST 8696-74. It defines the sizes for large products made of round steel. Sizes in the range 159-2520 mm. The wall thickness of the pipe section of 159 mm is 3.5 mm, and for the size of 2520 mm - 25 mm.

Features hot-rolled steel pipes in accordance with GOST 8732-78

Range of hot pipes (GOST 8732-78) includes articles 25-700 mm in diameter with a wall thickness of 2.5-7.5 mm. Such tubes are made from a rolled, forged or continuously cast metal strand, made of stainless or carbon steel.

With significant its heating to a high temperature, which depends on the steel grade, the hollow cylinder is formed, which initially has an irregular shape. This process can be carried out on presses or screw machines for stringing. The blank passes the final molding on rollers, whereby the round tube becomes flat shape.

Metal hollow cylinder is cut into pieces of size 4-12,5 - dimensional or random length. According to the current STATE seamless steel pipe can be hot-rolled noncritical variations in wall thickness. Also, the standard defines the maximum permissible deviations diameters seamless pipes.

The main advantages of hot-rolled steel pipes are strength, durability, resistance to temperature changes, and complete sealing durability that ensures the lack of a seam.

Price seamless steel pipe exceeds the value of weldments. However, the price is justified due to the high technological characteristics. Hot-rolled steel pipes are widely used in the oil industry, district heating, energy, gas and water supply, engineering and construction.

Cold-seamless pipe

A method of production of cold products is substantially different from the method of manufacturing hot-rolled pipes. GOST 8734-75 lists the sizes of seamless steel elements. The technological process is carried out using specialized rolling equipment in two step: the preform is processed while hot at a temperature not exceeding 450 ° C, then - cold method. Due to the special cold-tube technology differ greatly increased safety margin, which exceeds the conventional tubes by 25%. Such a construction is capable of withstanding a wide range of pressure and temperature variations without loss of structure integrity.

Another feature of the product is the high precision required size wall. Due to such characteristics of the pipe can be used at high building pipelines in the field of high-precision devices and machines.

Unlike other types of cold-rolled tubes products undergo bending under the desired angle, which makes them popular in the manufacture of electrical lighting fittings and furniture.

Features steel water-gas pipes GOST 3262-75

Steel water pipe (GOST 3262-75 regulates the assortment of data acceptance rules product and technical requirements for their production) has been widely used in construction and mechanical engineering. It is used at a lining of utilities (primarily water networks). This is due to the conformity of the claimed high performance specifications.

Gas conducting tube is made from a preform made of carbon steel. Prepared strips sent to the molding. Processing then ends its connection with the use of electric arc welding to form an integral tube. The finished product is subjected to heat treatment, so that it is possible to increase the strength and resistance to adverse external factors, which improves performance pipe.

The final stage of the process is the so-called rengnenograficheskaya checking, through which can be verified in the absence or presence of weld defects.

Depending on the strength of the product can be mild, moderate and reinforced, depending on the wall thickness. Steel pipes are also characterized by an indicator of accuracy. Products presented neotsionkovannymi-precision tubes, the manufacture of which does not provide precise control of chemical composition of raw materials. In the group of high accuracy galvanized pipes are used when installing pipelines global systems where special characteristics of the material required.

country tubular steel water-gas

The product mix is ​​regulated by GOST 3262-75. Steel pipe can be either with cylindrical thread or without it. Water and gas products are available in two types: galvanized and non-galvanized. They may have a diameter of 10-80 mm. Depending on the size of the outer diameter of orifice and the wall thickness is defined products, which ranges from 2.5 mm to 4.5 mm.

This affects the weight of the pipe, the value of which depends on its price. In this case, it should also be borne in mind that the galvanized steel pipes have a greater weight than the ferrous metallurgy products. The tube length is in the range 4-12 meters. Depending on this index items can be volumetric or random length. Normative document strictly determines the presence of tolerance, values ​​exceeding which the product is diagnosed as marriage.

Important!In the case of knurled thread length of the article may be reduced by no more than 10%.

According to existing pipes GOST surface of the article should not contain bundles of sunsets and cracks. However, it permitted the presence of minor deformities and defects, which were formed as a result of the process and does not adversely affect the quality of the product. This may be scale, stripping or dents.

If the galvanized product, it must have a continuous coating of at least 30 mm thick, which is not applied to the threads and pipe ends. Such a surface should not contain impurities as okislin, caked charge, garttsinka, it can not have signs of blisters and comprise a base steel by peeling the coating. In some places there may be minor zinc dissolves and some roughness. Admitted blotches include fluxing of stains and faint traces of the load pipe gripping mechanism.

Important!In the absence of the galvanized coating within 0.5% of the total surface area of ​​permitted errors after the correction process.

Galvanized water and gas pipes are tested for distribution. The inspection items determined ability to expand until the appearance of visible cracks during movement in its cavity a cone-shaped body.

Electrically welded pipes GOST 10704-91

Electrically welded steel tubes (GOST 10704-91 sets them gauge) are popular type of steel products, which settles a wide range of subspecies and low value.

In accordance with the GOST 10704 pipes are made by applying metal strips of a certain size, made of carbon steel or alloy steel. Blanks are cut into strips of predetermined width, and sent to the weld where they produce a steel endless belt. In the roller mill of the tape preform is formed with a circular section, the ends of which are welded with one of the known methods. After hardening, the finished product passes calibration and quality control of the weld. The finished tube is cut to a predetermined length dimensional articles.

According to GOST 10704-91 electric-welded tube can have a diameter of 10-1620 mm. Standard also regulated by the wall thickness of the product which is in the range 1-32 mm, depending on the pipe diameter. Measuring the length of pipe is 500-600 cm in diameter and 70 mm, 600-900 cm - diameter at 70-219 mm, 10-12 m - size 219-426 mm. Products over 426 mm in diameter have a random length.

Important! Electric-welded tube can be made any length based on the individual order.

According to GOST 10704-91 tubes are electrically to one of the classes of accuracy. In the first class product evenly cut the ends, and then removes all burrs. The second class of accuracy presupposes uneven ends with barbs.

In accordance with GOST 10704-91 electric welding steel pipe can belong to one of the following categories (which depends on the chemical composition):

• Group A includes products that are staunchly withstand high mechanical loads;
• Group B - pipes that receive chemical effects of various kinds;
• Group B - products that combine the characteristics of groups A and B;
• Group F consists of tubes which have improved resistance to internal and external pressure.

Advantages and scope of steel pipe longitudinal

Electrically welded steel tube (GOST 10704-91 regulates possible dimensions and tolerances products from them) can have a round, oval or rectangular profile. Products are characterized by the following advantages:

• increased rates of throughput;
• reduced susceptibility to aggressive environment, so that the product can be used on different objects;
• resistance during contact with the chemical elements that enables the use of pipes for plants;
• low rate of thermal expansion;
• high strength;
• resistance to mechanical stress;
• long service life;
• low cost.

High technical and operational features enable the use of welded steel pipe welded (GOST 10704 admits manufacture of a length of 18 m) the installation of main and local communication networks distributive supply, heating, gas supply. They are often used for transportation of crude oil (or other aggressive environment). By means of the profile elements with square section, in accordance with GOST 10704-76, you can create different design in the construction field.

Important!Due to the fact that the ribs provide a good flexural strength, electrically welded pipes are a good alternative to an I-beam.

Gauge profile pipe of steel

Profile pipes of steel are used extensively in various fields of construction, engineering, furniture manufacture. Products on the market today is represented in a wide variety. Classify the product profile allows the range of pipes of steel. The tables contain information on the specific composition of pipes indicating characteristics as size, weight and wall thickness product. Assortment of separate components for each type of pipe that is set corresponds to GOST. Manufactured welding method shaped tubes or rolled using a special machine.

Important!Profiled steel pipes can not be used for conveying gases and liquids, creating water supply systems, heating and ventilation.

In accordance with the GOST 13663-86 gauge steel profile pipes defines a standard, non-standard type and flat-oval cross section. The first option covers rectangular and square products, which is the most popular. Featuring four ribs, the product, despite the low weight, can withstand high mechanical loads. They are used in the construction and repair of towers, buildings, towers and bridges.

Nonstandard shaped tubes have a triangular, polygonal, segmented or drop-shaped cross section. Such products are used in unconventional architectural solutions. The latter option is used in the construction of small structures with low weight. Field of use depends on the pipe section. Products with a low value used when installing cables, in the furniture industry and as a basis for the creation of decorative elements.

Profile pipes of medium and large cross-section can be used in the construction of load-bearing structures, where these elements will act as support beams and walls. They are widely used for the production equipment and technology, to create outdoor advertising media. According to GOST 30245-2012 Square steel pipes are expanded to gauge profile size 500x500 mm wall thickness up to 22 mm can be used for this purpose.

Shaped tube is characterized by the following advantages:

• high strength products;
• increased resistance to weight loads and mechanical stress;
• convenient form that provides a simplified loading, transport, unloading and installation;

• lightweight product that helps to reduce time and effort when installing;
• versatility;
• affordable cost.

The main drawback is the complexity of a shaped tube, which arises when bending. This shortcoming requires the involvement of experts and the use of special equipment in the form of a tube bender. Another problem is the instability of corrosion. To avoid the destruction of the product structure, its surface is galvanized. This process is strictly regulated by the current standard.

Table gauge steel pipes profile type rectangular

Hollow sections of rectangular cross section are used rationally in the construction of structures for which the determined direction of the main load. This type of material used in the apparatus of columns, beams, pillars and structures of carcasses. Defines gauge steel rectangular pipes GOST 8645-68. Here are electrically manufactured using welding furnace and seamless cold and hot rolled products.

According assortment rectangular steel tube has the following characteristics: the width varies between 15-230 mm, the height - 10-100, wall thickness - 1-20 mm. product length can be dimensional and unmeasured. Pipes manufactured by hot-rolled, characterized dimensional length 4-12,5 m Superalloy way - 1,5-9 m that corresponds to random lengths, and 4,5-11 m- dimensional. For off-gage length of electric welded pipes is 1,5-9 m -dimensional - 5-9 m.

This type of hardware has the following advantages:

• low weight, which provides convenient transportation and installation;
• high flexural strength;
• right angles, ensuring convenient storage and good pairing with a flat base;
• the ability to implement different architectural solutions and bold design ideas.

The most popular sizes of products are presented in the table below:

Size, mm	Length m	Mass rm. m, kg
15h10h1	6	0,348
15h10h1,5	6	0,488
20h15h1,5	6	0,810
25h15h1,5	6	0,930
25h15h2	6	1,225
30h10h1,5	6	0,841
30h10h2	6	1,08
30h20h1,5	6	1,08
30h20h2	6	1,39
35h15h2	6	1,39
35h15h3	6	1,95
40h20h2	6	1,7
40h20h3	6	2,42
45h20h2	6	1,86
45h20h4	6	3,36
50h30h3	6	3,36
60h30h2	6	2,79
80h40h2	6	3,01
80h40h2	6	3,73
100h50h2	12	4,58
100h50h3	12	6,93
100h60h3	12	7,6

Range of pipes square according to GOST 8639-82

Very popular in the construction industry are profiled square tube sizes are determined by GOST 8639-82. Range rectangular steel pipes comprising a lower range as compared with products having a square profile. There are presented to the outer wall of the pipe 10-180 mm in diameter, its thickness 1-14 mm. The smallest value of the wall thickness belongs weldments of this type. An important parameter, which is regulated by the standard, is the cross-sectional area. This value, which is within 0,343-89,59 mm², to determine the stiffness of the structure. Length products according assortment square steel pipes may be 6-12 m.

Profile pipes square are cold rolled, hot rolled and made using welding technology.

Square profiled tube is characterized by increased resistance. The convenient size allows you to quickly perform the installation work. This type of pipe is often used as a reinforcing member required in the construction of scaffolds and supports. Material used in the construction of greenhouses, gazebos, promotional products, engineering, interior design, machine tool industry, the furniture industry, the construction of fences, production of non-standard production equipment.

The table shows the most popular sizes of square shaped tube:

Linear parameters, mm	Length m	Mass rm. m, kg
10h10h1	6	0,269
15h15h1,5	6	0,605
20h20h1,5	6	0,841
20h20h2	6	1,075
25h25h2	6	1,39
25h25h3	6	1,95
30h30h2	6	1,7
30h30h3	6	2,42
30h30h3,5	6	2,75
35h35h2,5	6	2,46
35h35h3	6	2,89
40h40h3	6	3,36
40h40h4	6	4,3
45h45h4	6	4,93
45h45h5	6	5,94
45h45h6	6	6,86
50h50h5	6	6,73
50h50h8	6	9,69
60h60h5	6	8,3
70h70h4	6	8,07
70h70h6	6	11,57
80h80h5	6	11,44
90h90h6	6	15,34
100h100h5	12	18,54

Prezitsionnye steel pipes GOST 9567-75 - the main document that defines their product mix

Precision steel tubes are a particular type of steel products, which are highly durability, reliability, wear-resistant essential resource stability in the perception of any kind loads. The design of this material shows resistance to various external influences. Steel pipes are regulated by a separate precision GOST 9567-75, since manufacturing of products requires special measures compliance and increased accuracy.

Several varieties predetermined standard precision tubes, which are classified depending on the embodiment and the fabrication of wall thickness:

• articles having very thin walls;

• Thin-walled pipe;
• thick-walled products;
• pipes with very thick walls.

This type of seamless steel products characterized by high criteria isotropic stiffness. Through this tube with a very thin wall can be used for organizing various high complexity and precision systems. The surface of the precision tubes is fosfarativnoy, galvanized or coated with oil.

The assortment on steel seamless pipes GOST strictly prescribe dimensions of products that do not provide for even the slightest deviation in the values. Products made from high quality metal. The inner surface is perfectly flat cylindrical shape. Pipe diameter is clearly observed.

With its unique quality characteristics, this type of product is used in hydraulic mechanisms, automotive, energy, industrial, instrumentation, the installation of gas pipelines high pressure.

According to GOST hot rolled tube have volumetric length - 4.8 m, unmeasured - 4-12 m, characterized by cold-mer length 4.5-9 m, unmeasured - 1-11,5 m.

Range of metal pipes with spiral seam

Steel spiral pipe manufactured according to the principle similar to the production of longitudinal products. However, in this case it involves a simpler mechanism. The main difference is that the manufacture of the pipe metal strip with the help of rollers curler, not the tube. This method creates at all stages of the production of high precision connection.

Important!During an emergency on the pipe with a spiral seam would arise longitudinal backbone crack, deformation which is dangerous for any communications system.

Spiral seam is considered more reliable and provides improved product tensile strength. Among the shortcomings can be identified an increased length of the seam, which needs additional welding on materials costs and requires more time to complete the work.

Manufacturing of spiral electric welded pipes is determined according to GOST 8696-74. According to the standard products may have a diameter from 159 mm to 2520 mm. The wall thickness varies between 3,5-25 mm. The length of pipe may reach 10-12 m. The price per meter of steel pipe with a spiral seam exceeds the value for the characteristic-welded article. However, such costs are justified, especially if the system needs to be perfectly precise, perfect connection.

This type of tube is characterized great endurance, resistance to high pressure. They can be used in everyday life, for the installation of sustainable communications systems and for industrial purposes.

Despite the increasing popularity of plastic pipes, metal products continue to enjoy a significant demand. This is due to their high technical and operating characteristics that are strictly regulated by the GOST standards for each type of tube. When choosing a high-quality products should be preferred products made taking into account the regulatory requirements of the current legislation.