UWB Foundation: fabrication of

Construction sector is not standing still. Manufacturers strive to produce improved materials and offer new technologies, thanks which can not only reduce the cost of construction, but also to improve the technical performance of the final product. One of the latest developments, which originated in Sweden, is the foundation of UWB - a technology an economical and fast erection base for a private home or a two-storey cottage.

Varieties slab foundation, their characteristics

It is now known three types of slab foundation, each of which has its own distinctive features. Traditionally it is believed the Russian version, which has been designed by Russian designers. The product is a thick, monolithic reinforced concrete slab with massive edges. The foundation has a large reserve of strength, no deformation, so that can be used in extreme conditions.

Disadvantages of the design include inadequate insulation, and the need to pour concrete twice: first - to create ribs, the second - to form a plate directly. However, this increases the period of operation.

Foundation in the form of insulated Finnish plates originally from Finland. The design has a smaller thickness but has sufficient strength. It is well insulated and adapted to the system of floor heating. Such a foundation is cold loop. Insulation thickness not less than 150 mm is mounted on a plate, cutting the cold loop foundation of floor heating first floor of the building, which is installed in the screed further reinforced.

Less energy efficient, but is more economical compared with Finnish embodiment is warmed Swedish plate. UWB needs no additional screed as floor heating system is mounted directly to the plate thickness of which reaches a minimum size.

What is UWB: the scope of use

Insulated Swedish foundation slab is represented slab monolithic shallow foundation. It has insulation around the perimeter of the sole area. It is finished rough floor surface of the ground floor with built-in underfloor heating and utilities.

This type of foundation is used in projects of buildings without a basement and cellar. UWB technology should be used for structures having a side dimension of 15 m, in such cases:

• for cold regions where thanks to this foundation reduces heat loss from the house;
• in areas with high groundwater levels;
• in projects of private homes where floor heating is used;
• in the case of fachwerk technologyAs well as in the creation of a panel, panel or frame house;
• when selecting the block or brick;
• on soft ground heaving and which do not have a good bearing capacity, which requires the construction of bored screw or bases.

foundation design UWB: photo products in the context of

The design consists of the following layers, which are shown graphically in Figure Swedish foundation slab in cross section:

• pouring concrete;

• reinforced layer;
• amortization of formation;
• insulating layers.

Pouring concrete or monolith represented conventional foundation thickness of 10 cm, whereby the structure is created in one day. This will positively affect the quality of the plate, namely bedding is excluded and reduced cost of implementation. This layer is laid floor heating system. The base is isolated from the ground insulation, which is represented by an extruded polystyrene foam slab.

Reinforcement is also performed in a short time in connection with the use of a small amount of metal rods. Tightly bound reinforced net prevents cracking of concrete, excludes damage of the foundation soil in the natural motion.

Traditional damping layer consisting of sand and gravel, which is used in a conventional foundation, supplemented by this technology UWB clay. Thanks to this geotextile, laid between the mineral layers, not exposed to moisture. An additional waterproofing layer in the base is necessary in order to protect the structure from impact groundwater that may blur the layers. The thickness of sand under a layer of insulation installed sewerage and water supply system, the nature of which affects the price of UWB.

To create a durable and robust design should be to equip its insulation, so that the foundation will not crack and puchitsya of temperature variations. The process is performed using a styrene derivative, whereby the lifespan is increased several times. Insulation is placed not only from below, but also vertically at the plate perimeter, duplicating formwork base. Also, a layer located under the building blind area horizontally at a depth soles w / w structure. This technology increases the cost of UWB, but further reduces the cost of heating the room.

Drainage communication needed to create a moisture removal system from the foundation, which prevents it from damage. The waterproofing layer having paroizoliruyuschimi properties concrete provides protection from moisture.

Advantages and disadvantages of UWB foundation

The foundation of UWB, which can be ordered at any major construction company, has a number of distinct advantages:

• low cost of the work, which is associated with a small amount of building materials and the involvement of a small number of employees;

• high speed performance;
• due to the additional layer of insulation eliminates the possibility of freezing of the soil under the sole foundation that will prevent the plate from the swelling and shrinkage of the base;
• the base plate is a complete sub-floor, on which the tiles can be laid without preliminary surface alignment;
• arrangement of floor heating in the basement will reduce future heating costs due to lower consumption of thermal energy;
• a heater is characterized by high compressive strength and a shrinkage of 2% of the building;
• insulating layer is not affected by moisture, which increases its durability;
• due to the fact that the foundation is insulated, the house will not be formed dampness and mold;
• in the insulating layer possible appearance of insects and rodents;
• small thickness of the insulating layer provides the required coefficient of thermal conductivity;
• presence on the edges of the plates insulation eliminates the creation of thermal bridges;
• cooker performs both heats, heat insulation and supporting functions;

• structure has durability while retaining all the technical and economic characteristics;
• due to the high heat capacity it can be used in cold regions.

Disadvantages UWB:

• foundation slab is created based solely on a reliable, which excludes its arrangement on clay, peaty soil or plant;
• a substantial portion of utilities located in the plate thickness, so access to them is limited;
• UWB can not be used in the construction of heavy multi-storey buildings;
• It precludes the establishment of the foundation of the basement of the house.

Useful guidelines when the base unit

Swedish foundation consists of several layers, each of which has important functional purpose. It is important to organize each layer, to result in a reliable, robust and durable construction. It should take into account the important points. The thickness of the sand or gravel substrate is determined based on the soil type, that is dependent on its bearing capacity. This value is in the range of 300-600 mm, which affects the price of UWB foundation. For the most solid, dense soil applied the minimum rate and for heaving - the maximum.

Before the construction of the foundation slab must be removed topsoil. With the help of leveling and construction level is checked by vertical and horizontal surfaces. Foundation pit must have larger dimensions than the plate perimeter. For this purpose, by marking the edges of the bases necessary to pull back on each side of 50-70 cm.

Insulation material plates to be laid over the entire surface of the foundation. They are not recommended to attach an additional adhesive. To create a uniform layer of dense concrete casting to be performed at one time. Therefore, it is important to correctly calculate the amount of material needed to fill molds.

Useful advice!The best option for UWB devices considered concrete grade B20-B25.

Before the construction of the pipe should be prepared for all communications and to develop a scheme of arrangement. By foundation perimeter necessarily required to provide a drainage system, which is essential for removal of moisture from the building foundation.

Survey works, UWB calculation and routing area

Survey activities precede the start of construction. They are executed with the purpose of determining the nature of soil and its bearing capacity. Specifies the level of the groundwater area, soil composition and possible fluctuations in the lower layers of the soil. These indicators should be as correct and accurate to provide a solid foundation for later. Therefore, you should use the services of specialists here.

The main difference calculation insulated slab foundation is a consistent definition of the parameters of each layer as the construction according to the actual loads and impacts. To do this, we use special computer programs that define the individual characteristics of the foundation.

Useful advice! Design of the Swedish foundation is best done with the help of professionals that will avoid a lot of mistakes in the calculation.

After all the preparations proceed directly to the construction of the foundation. This should do the layout area is the application of natural axes. Ground outlines the contours of the pit, set castoffs, which pull cords required for formwork assembly. The main advantage obnosok (as compared with the conventional pegs) is convenient U-shaped design, the position of which is leveled once in a horizontal plane. If the cord is removed, if necessary, temporarily, after installing it in place is not required to make adjustments.

Foundation pit must be designed larger than the slab foundation. Each side should leave an allowance of about 1 m. These offsets will be used for drainage installation. This may be an annular drainage for groundwater lowering or trim, used for removing vadose which is formed at a constant accumulation of rainwater and floodwater underlayment in technogenic areas.

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The list of necessary materials and tools

UWB is done with his own hands is not as difficult as it seems at first glance. Before starting work, you must have a new building project, and determine the location for the construction. You can certainly use the services of specialists and book UWB foundation turnkey. However, strict adherence to technology and the use of quality materials allow yourself to create a strong and solid foundation for future development.

A list of materials needed for UWB devices foundation:

• sand middle fraction;
• rubble medium size;
• geotextiles;
• polystyrene extrusion 100 mm;
• Drainage pipe;
• wooden planks;
• reinforcement bars;
• knitting the wire;
• pipes of different diameters for utilities and water floor heating;
• Nylon collars;

To work need these tools:

• shovels and bayonet blade;
• wheelbarrow;
• level;

• building level;
• screwdriver;
• knife;
• Bulgarian;
• plate compactor;
• vibrator;
• hacksaw;
• concrete mixer;
• trowel;
• protective clothing.

Execution of earthworks and the creation of a drainage system

Warm the foundation can not be laid on the vegetation layer, whose thickness does not exceed the 0.3-0.5 m, therefore it is necessary to remove it completely. You can use the bayonet spades. If the foundation is laid on the fertile layer, it will inevitably result in the shrinkage, which would be a consequence of digestion of organic matter.

Useful advice!To be safe, free from vegetation plot is recommended to treat with chemicals that cropped further plant growth.

After sampling the soil surface should be compacted by using clay, which is in a dry powdered form is filled into the pit, moistened and compacted. Next fit geotextile. The ends of the woven fabric should extend beyond the future of the foundation at least 30 cm.

To plate always remained dry, it is important to organize the drainage system, through which from the base of the foundation will be discharged groundwater, rain and melt water. For this purpose, around the perimeter of the pit must be made trench depth equal to the diameter of the perforated pipes to be used for drainage. It should perform the slope of the structure of 3-4 degrees, which will ensure their course. On the corners of the building it is required to equip the vertical wells, through which will provide access to the sewerage system to perform periodic cleaning.

The sequence of actions is as follows:

• geotextile is laid on the gravel layer;
• at the corners of buildings performed assembling wells are created from solid smooth or corrugated pipe diameter 20-30 cm, installed vertically;
• assembling corrugated pipes along the perimeter with the setting ends in adjacent wells, where appropriate holes are carried out;
• filling the trench with gravel, which the top is covered with geotextile.

Wiring engineering services and the creation of an amortization pillows

Next proceed to the arrangement of amortization cushion about 15 cm of gravel or crushed stone fractions 20-40 mm thick. The base is filled with finely divided sand which is compacted every 20 cm or manual rammer vibrator until the design level.

All utilities should be stacked to create a monolithic, so they have a base on a sand cushion with a seal according to the plan layout below freezing. All pipes should be brought to the surface for further connection system. To improve maintainability pipe networks better laid in cases of larger diameter. For the sewer system should be provided outside the well, to be able to perform the audit of the sewage system and its repair.

Useful advice! As a backup in case the main exit of the communications system creates dubbing engineering system, which can be switched with the old repairs.

After laying all utilities surface is covered with a thin layer of gravel to a thickness of 15 cm, followed by sealing. For good waterproofing base is covered with waterproof material. There can be used as an inexpensive roofing material, as well as more modern products. Cloths laid overlapped by 10 cm with sealing joints. The edges of the waterproofing material should advocate for the foundation at least 15 cm.

Mounting of a thermal insulation layer foundation for UWB

Insulation of the foundation is an important event, through which heat is not out of the building into the ground, and the cold penetrates from the soil into the building. Insulation must have high strength. Therefore, the UWB technology is recommended to use a plate of extruded polystyrene foam, which (due to being in their structure of graphite) are characterized by high compressive strength.

Useful advice! The foam can be got ants and other insects. Therefore, the material needs additional protection. Here it is recommended to use a glass, a metal mesh or a ceramic foam plate.

Material in the form of plates with a thickness of 10 cm are to be installed in two layers. The first is to cover the entire perimeter of the base and the blind area. The second layer should be laid offset from the edge by no less than 45 cm, which creates stiffening ribs. In the middle of the plate, a layer of insulation, are carried out groove width of 20-30 cm for future bearing walls, under which insulation does not fit.

If you use flat sheets of insulating material for attaching them use special plastic nails with wide hats. resting places can be treated with an adhesive composition. The elements recommended stagger that will help avoid the formation of cold bridges in places where they dock. L You can also use blocks for UWB, which are mounted on the sides of buildings. With special design, they do not require additional fixing at installation.

What insulation is better to choose for the foundation

Today, in the construction market offers a wide range of insulating materials from manufacturers, such as "Technonikol", "Stireks", "TECHNOPLEX", "Penoplex» and «URSA». Material PSB-S is not suitable for these tasks because it is done without pressing step.

Among all the options extruded polystyrene Penoplex occupies a leading position. product price is 1200 rubles. / pack. The material is characterized by several distinct advantages:

• durability;
• multifunctionality, because at the same time creates a hydro- and thermal insulation;
• ecological security;
• increased resistance to moisture;
• not prone to nucleation layer is thicker in various microorganisms.

Also, no less popular it is the insulation for UWB Technonikol. The material does not absorb moisture, does not shrink, does not swell has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, exhibits chemical resistance and is not subject to rotting. For the manufacture of extruded polystyrene foam Technonikol apply nano-sized particles of carbohydrate that It increases the strength of the material, lowering its thermal conductivity, thereby increasing performance energy efficiency.

The material is characterized by high compressive strength and stable thickness under load, whereby it can be used for loading structures. Buy material can be from 1400 rbl. / Y., The value of l blocks for UWB is an average of 1300 rub. / Pack.

At this stage, stacked wooden formwork for monolithic tile future. To this end, mounted racks, which are fixed-edged boards with screws and screwdriver. Wooden frame braces further strengthening to impart greater structural strength. Formwork is laid inside the thermally insulating material. After the plate attains a sufficient strength, guard dismantled and the heater remains as protective skirting bottom of the structure.

The dual layer insulation and floor heating systems for home on UWB

Because UWB technology requires laying insulation material in two layers, all the heat will remain in the house. The first layer of 10 cm on all the perimeter of the base prevents the penetration of moisture. Other 10cm insulation create a good barrier against cold, which enters from the ground.

Thanks to the system of floor heating which is mounted by separate circuits for each room, a uniform distribution of heat in the room and made adjustment of climatic zones. If you create the necessary insulation of the walls and roof of the building, it will be enough to keep the temperature in the heating system is not more than 28 degrees, which corresponds to the temperature of the circulating fluid (31-32 degrees) to create a house comfortable microclimate. However, it also depends on the finish floor covering. Such arrangements provide an additional advantage in the application of low temperature heat sources such as gas condensing boilers and heat pumps.

Thanks to the foundation in the form of Swedish warm plates can be about 30% to save on heating. This is possible due to the fact that the system of floor heating warms the concrete slab and the concrete accumulates heat in the room. Coefficient of thermal conductivity has a value of 0.17 W / m²K, as for non-insulated concrete bases it is 0.4 W / m²K.

Reinforcement of the foundation slab of the Swedish and installation of floor heating

Reinforcing foundation design is performed for sensing tensile loads. The technology is performed as follows:

• creating a grillage of stiffeners: reinforcement of thickness 10-16 mm, 6-8 mm rectangular associated collars 300 mm, are stacked with the frames of the protective layer of concrete;

• Reinforcement plate: set between two reinforcing ribs mesh with a mesh of 150x150 mm rods 10-14 mm thick, 15 cm wide cell with strapping structural elements torsions wire every 25-30 cm.

The thickness of the bars selected on the basis of structural, operational and snow loads on the surface. The stiffeners should not install the utilities. To avoid damaging the insulation, dimensional reinforcement cage is recommended to be collected separately and then have to stow it in finished form on special latches in grillage location area where the frames are interconnected a. Linking grid of the plate is carried out on the spot. Substructure is mounted on clamps made of PVC.

The technology suggests the Swedish insulated slab floor heating device in the interior of a monolithic foundation. heating surface is laid on top of the mesh and nylon straps attached. In this connection it should take into account the thickness of the upper protective layer of concrete, which should be 50-70 mm. Where arranged supporting walls or door openings, the tubes should be placed in a sleeve of a strong material. Between the tubes should be not less than 10 cm.

If the styling is more dense, the efficiency will not be affected, but will cause overruns material. A distance greater than 25 cm, worsen even heat distribution over the surface. Near the walls of the pipe is necessary to have more tightly than in the central part of the future premises. From the wall should indent about 15 cm.

Important!Heating pipe water underfloor heating is necessary to arrange an isolated circuit for each room separately, which will be heated each room independently.

Distribution system elements are displayed upstairs and locked the rods hammered vertically. The collector should be located in a place provided for the project at a given height. For it the device is driven into the foundation four reinforcing rod length 1.5 m. They fixed board and temporarily fixed manifold. It connects the floor heating pipe. In places rise of flexible pipes to a collector they must be protected by using a special corrugated tube.

Important! the heating system is required to be tested for leaks by filling its coolant.

UWB Foundation: Technology concrete base

The final assembly step is insulated basement slab casting concrete base solution. It is important to perform a one-time process. You can use the truck mixer with mounted concrete pump. The solution is distributed evenly over the surface using a trowel and shovels. To obtain a homogeneous surface, filling should not spread over a distance of 1.5 m in diameter.

Batch casting may be performed at intervals of 1 hr. If you want to stop for a longer time, you should organize construction joints. After resumption of work they moisten with water and treated with a primer of the cement slurry. The solution should be compacted using the compaction or deep vibrator.

In order that the final surface is flat, the base is ground. This is an important event as the concrete slab is the floor of the first floor. Otherwise you will have to additionally spend on leveling screed.

Useful advice! UWB erect the foundation recommended in late summer, when the groundwater level is reduced.

During hardening the base should be to create a proper care of the concrete surface. In hot weather it is necessary to humidify the foundation and close it from rain with plastic wrap. Stripping may be carried out after 48 hours at 30 degrees, and after 5-7 days - in cold weather conditions at a temperature of 10-12 degrees.

UWB foundation under the key: price works

Insulated Swedish stove is a modern method of foundation equipment, which is gaining popularity in the private cottage and house-building. Today, many construction companies are offering to perform a qualitative and fast installation of UWB turnkey price which depends on the surface size of the site location, soil properties, the list of works and wishes customer. It is calculated individually for each specific case. UWB use a calculator, which can be easily found on specialized sites on the Internet, you can also independently calculate the approximate cost of the work. There needed data, such as area and perimeter of the base, the height of the plate fins.

In the main list of services includes the following measures:

• preparatory work before construction: Lot markings excavation;
• laying geo-textiles;

• device sandy pillow;
• installation of communication systems;
• manufacturing and installation of the formwork;
• installation of insulation and floor heating system;
• binding the reinforcing cage from rods using a binding wire;
• pouring concrete to seal vibrator;
• polishing base.

Important! The price includes delivery UWB foundation necessary materials to the construction site.

Price square. m Swedish foundation slabs starts from 5500 rubles. The larger the area of ​​the base, the lower the cost. For example, the price of the warmed Swedish plates dimensions 150-200 m² will be 7500 rubles. And the size of 50-70 m²- 9000 rubles.

Despite the fact that the foundation for the construction of a UWB value exceeds the cost of the traditional monolithic base such devices in the future it will significantly save on heating.

There are companies that offer a wider range of services for the construction of turnkey UWB. In addition to the standard list, you can order a geological survey. In this case the cost of the material will be 7500 rubles.

Using technology warmed Swedish plates will help to significantly reduce material consumption, to reduce the time allocated for the construction. Due mounted warm floor will be able to save on space heating due to the high energy-saving characteristics of this type of foundation. To get a high-quality and durable foundations, it is advisable to book in specialized UWB companies.