Water supply in the country: choice, device, installation

Without water from the tap it is difficult to imagine a comfortable stay not only in the house, but also in the country. If we talk about watering, a well equipped with a motor can solve this problem. But for other household issues, the availability of a stationary water supply is vital. It is not difficult to build a water pipe in the dacha, but you need to know the basic rules of laying pipes, as well as the pros and cons of the materials from which they are made.

Types of water pipes

Let's start by looking at possible options for the design. Usually it is allocated:

• stationary water supply,
• temporary water supply,
• autonomous water supply.

Stationary water connection assumes that near the site there is a pressure pipe that delivers water to the city. Unfortunately, most dachas are located far from the main highways, so the use of this type of connection is not always possible. The water supply has only one minus - if the water supply has stopped in the main, the consumer is forced to wait for the system to be restored. From the pros:

• minimum installation costs,
• high speed of the water pipe installation,
• constant stable head,
• no cost to buy additional equipment.

Summer water supply in the country or, as it is also called, temporary, implies the creation of a system that feeds water from any pond located nearby. It can be a well, a lake, a river, a pond. The temporary nature of the water supply implies the possibility of quick-erection, i.e.there is no need to dig pipes into the ground, to equip a manhole, etc. Another big plus is the lack of payment for water. But instead, the cost of electricity will increase, as it will have to install a sufficiently powerful pump. An even simpler version is the installation of a water tank. If it is located above the level of all water supply devices, the pump is not needed. But once or twice a season you have to order a car with water, which will fill the tank.

If there is no possibility to equip a stationary water supply, then the most optimal option is autonomous water supply. Although its arrangement costs a bit more than the above options, it offers significantly more advantages:

• no water outages,
• stable, adjustable pressure,
• no water charge,
• saving on the length of the main.

It is the last point in some situations that makes it impossible to install a fixed water pipe, since the cost of pipes sometimes considerably exceeds all the costs of building an autonomous network.

Overview of materials for water supply in the country house

The basis of the water pipe - a pipe. They are:

• metal,
• plastic,
• metal plastic,
• polyethylene,
• polypropylene.

Metal pipes were used at the beginning of the last century and are now gradually disappearing from circulation. The reasons are quite understandable:

• are susceptible to corrosion,
• poorly tolerate temperature changes,
• are sensitive to water hammering,
• effective service life does not exceed 10-15 years.

Plastic and metal-plastic pipes for water supply in the country are used, as a rule, for wiring water inside the house. This restriction is related to the diameter. For qualitative pressure, a minimum of 80 mm is required, preferably 100 mm. To produce PVC pipes of this diameter is economically unprofitable. In addition, the cost of plastic products is much higher than their counterparts.

Water supply from HDPE in the country is the best option. Polyethylene pipes are not expensive, they are elastic and are sold with large coils, which allows making seamless joints. In addition, polyethylene is resistant to any kind of impact, and its service life is at least 50 years.

Polypropylene is less resistant than polyethylene. It is used for water conduits in which there is no pressure, or it is minimal, i.e.for sewage. High pressure is likely to break polypropylene pipes.

The next mandatory attribute will be fittings. These are different couplings, angles and adapters that are used for connection. They are made of:

• high-strength steel,
• bronze,
• PVC,
• HDPE.

Since it is advisable to make the outside of the water pipe from HDPE pipes, the fittings should also be purchased with HDPE.They are mounted either by cold welding or gluing. Welding is preferable.

Despite the fact that the fittings allow the creation of various branches and transitions, their application to the control pit is inexpedient, since it is highly undesirable to violate the integrity of the structure. In the pit, wiring is done, so there necessarily will need fittings. The transition from HDPE to plastic or metal plastic is carried out using a crimp coupling and an adapter. For both types of internal water pipe it is desirable to use high-strength steel. The bronze is fragile enough, does not tolerate physical injuries and easily bursts in the event of a water hammer.

In addition to the water supply, you may need:

• pressure supercharger,
• motor,
• tank,
• materials for mounting the carcass under the tank.

Pressure superchargers are extremely rare. They are used only if a reduced pressure is constantly observed in the stationary water supply.

Choosing a motor is a separate issue, which should be approached as closely as possible. Since the quality and power of the motor depends not only on the functional capabilities of the water pipe, but also on its service life.

If you plan to use a small pressure tank, it is recommended to take plastic. First, it weighs a bit, and secondly, it costs less than analogues. If it is a large pressure tank, then only a large galvanized barrel will do. This is due to the fact that under the influence of light, the process of photosynthesis activates in the plastic, as a result - mold and fungus are formed. Water changes the shade and becomes completely unsuitable for drinking or bathing.

No special fasteners are required for the pressure tank. For a tank it is recommended to use a welded structure made of metal.

Water supply scheme in the country house

Before proceeding with direct installation, it is advisable to draw a diagram of the planned wiring. It is done as follows:

• marks the place of water intake,
• measures the distance from the fence site to the control pit, it must be done on the street at least 2 m away from the basement of the house, the
• is further marked with the number of exits, as a rule it is one, but ifon the site of several consumers or the water pipe is made for a group of users, then there will be more exits,
• the last step is the drawing of water supply devices throughout the house.

Ideally, the water supply should be progressive, i.e. The cold pipe approached the two-circuit boiler or boiler at the beginning, and from them went to the taps in the kitchen and into the bath. To make complex wiring schemes is undesirable for two reasons:

• material overrun,
• having more connections, each of which is capable of giving a leak.

If the heating is not provided, the procedure is somewhat simplified.

The resulting drawing is applied, then the required material is purchased. In this case, it is better to make a certain stock, in case of breakage or damage to the cable and fittings.

Stationary water supply at the dacha and technology of its installation

As this option is the simplest, the procedure is reduced to the following items:

• obtaining a permit in the appropriate authority,
• excavation of a control pit 2х2 m, depth not less than 2 m,
• brick lining,
• excavating a ditch under a pipe, its depth is equal to the freezing depth of ground plus 10 cm, in practice not less than 40 cm,
• falling asleepdrainage, 2-3 sand, drainage simultaneously fulfills both the role of the protective cushion,
• installation of the shut-off valve at the end of the pipe that goes into the control pit,
• inserting the pipe into the main pipeline,
• filling the pipe with a 3-4 cm layer of sand,
• backfillingditchesland.

Next, the water distribution of the house is carried out. Since this procedure is the same for all types, we proceed to consider it. The installation is carried out in series:

• is connected to the stopcock corner,
• is fixed to the pipe,
• if flexible metal plastic is used, then the pipe ring is unwound before installation,
• if plastic is used, it is desirable to connect the water pipe to the room with a single piece of pipe,
• pipe with cold waterstretches to the water heater, if it is provided,
• connects the first on the line point, then the second, etc.,
• to connect the point of the pipe with hot and cold water cut, put the tee,the output of which must necessarily end with a threaded fitting for the standard water supply hose that comes with the crane,
• for steel plastic, steel fittings are used, for plastic - the method of gluing or cold welding,
• for connecting the last point of the tee is not necessary,
• for pipesA corner is mounted to which the hoses from the latter are connected in the crane chain.

Plastic water pipe in the country is preferable if it is planned to visit it only on weekends. For everyday life it is better to spend more, but to buy more high-quality and durable metal-plastic pipes.

Water drain for a street crane is carried out according to a similar technology. Except for the fact that it is necessary to install a tee on the shut-off valve and make separate outlets for the street and the house.

Installation of an autonomous water pipe in the country house

Since the summer water supply is a simplified version of the autonomous, we will consider the second option. Their cost differs insignificantly, that is why from the economic point of view there is no sense in setting up a timekeeper. In extreme cases, you can always negotiate with the neighbors and connect the hose to their tap, after preliminary specifying the price of the issue.

When creating an autonomous water supply system, it is important to determine the source of water. If there is a river nearby - this is an ideal option. Backwaters, ponds and lakes are not suitable for creating a water pipe because they contain stagnant water, rich in various bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms, which are harmful to human health.

If there is no river, then you need to dig a well. Its volume depends on the depth of occurrence of subsoil waters and the planned water discharge. By standards per person, 2 cubic meters of water are spent per month. If irrigation is required, then for each hundred square meters of land for another one cubic meter.

For clarity, let's take a dacha with six hundred square meters of land, which is irregularly visited by 4 people. Let's say 8 days a month.

Vobsch = 6 acres * 1 m3 +( 2 m3 * 4 people * 8 days / 30 days) = 6 + 2.2 = 9 m3.

The resulting number is always rounded up to an integer value. If only 2-3 hundred parts are allocated for irrigation, the appropriate changes should be made to the formula.

The resulting 9 m3 is the total water discharge per month. In order to calculate how much water goes into the day, the total amount should be divided by the number of days spent:

9/8 = 1.2 m3 per day.

The obtained calculations allow to determine the power that a well should have. Depending on the region, subsoil waters can lie either very deep, or have low returns. If the well is unable to provide the required volume of water, it will be necessary to install a storage tank.

We will return to this issue a little later, but for the time being we will finish with the well. By itself, it still does not provide water to the house. To do this, install the motor. At the same time, it is desirable to make a wiring for two lines directly on the water supply channel. The first will be for the house, the second for the street. Both lines are equipped with stopcocks.

Next, laying a water pipe. If the demand for water is not significant, then it makes no sense to buy a powerful motor and install a storage tank. It is enough to turn on the motor if necessary. The start button with the help of an electric cable is placed in any convenient place.

Nevertheless, such a system is extremely inconvenient. Therefore, it is recommended to add one more element - a storage tank. It can be made in two variations:

• is dug in the ground,
• is mounted on supports.

Tanks of large volumes are being poured into the ground, but they differ by one big minus, it is necessary to additionally install a pressure build-up system. The tank installed on the supports gives pressure on the principle of combined vessels. Usually such tanks are installed on the roof, on the one hand it allows you to get rid of the need to build a frame, on the other it makes it possible to place a large enough tank.

If the country house does not survive extra weight, then it will be necessary to build a frame. The optimum size of the storage tank is 500 liters. The height of the tank above the ground level should be at least 3 m. At the same time, the separation of the water supply to the street and home allows you to produce watering on the straight from the well.

The tank itself is simple enough. From the pump to it goes either a thick rubber hose, or all the same HDPE pipe, through which the filling is carried out. The entrance to the tank should be at the top of it. In the lower part, an outlet is made for the water supply. It is important that the parts of the pipe that pass in the open air are as warmly as possible insulated.

The specified method is the simplest variant of creating an autonomous system. If you want to make a powerful water pipe for permanent use, you need to study the float motors and pressure build-up systems. Although their cost is much higher, they allow to fully automate the process.