Fire escape: on the roof of the hand, hinged rescue, security types, metal three-piece

The fire ladder must be of high quality, robust and reliable Today, the ladders used can be of different types and can be created either by a special design or by a standard. It is worth a little more detail on the types of fire stairs. The article will also deal with types, device and purpose. In any building, inside or on the facade, a fire ladder( PL) must necessarily be installed, firemen must have manual devices in order to get inside the burning building.

Types of fire stairs: types of attachments

According to the Federal Law dated July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ "Technical regulations on fire safety requirements", fireCalled ladders, which are intended to provide work during a fire and rescue activities. This definition means that the submarines are meant for raising firemen on the roof of a building during a fire, and not for evacuating people from a building.

There are several types of fire ladders that are subdivided according to the dimensions of the

. Depending on the height of the lift, the submarine can be vertical and with marches, that is, with a ladder platform between the flights. The requirements for the size are given in the airbags 245-2001 and GOST 5325-2009.

The size of the device is divided into the following types:

1. Vertical without fencing.
2. Vertical, with fencing.
3. Rescue marching.

Evacuation ladders( EL) are intended for the safety of people, for evacuation activities during a fire. EL can only be with marches with an angle of 45 degrees. This is, on the one hand, a design for fire fighters, over which they can stretch the fire hoses in the building, and can reach anywhere in the building. On the other hand, the types of ladders used by children and the elderly provide mass evacuation of people to fresh air and to a safe place in a short time. The defensive line from fire must be dealt with only by professional fire fighters.

The main types of fire safety ladders: the important points

The basic requirement for all types of submarines is that they must all go out to the territory adjacent to the building or pass through the entrance hall. It should be separated by partitions with doors from the corridor areas adjacent to it. The evacuation exit from the basement and the basement floor must be constructed separately from the general staircase of the building, it is important to cut the path as quickly as possible.

Before installing the fire escape, it is necessary to make a plan for its placement

The location of each door must be indicated in the plan and located in an accessible place for people, along the evacuation path.

Otherwise, when the output is installed with passage through a common stairwell, it must have a separate outlet to the outside:

• Outside;
• To the building;
• Into the city.

There must be deaf fireproof partitions. Thanks to the correct organization of the fire escape, evacuation is quick, there are no pandemoniums and congestion, which helps to save people and eliminate the focus of fire. There are more than one summary on this subject, but still it is worth talking about the submarine once again.

Manual fire ladders: assault submarine

Manual fire ladders - this is an indispensable attribute of firefighters of the Ministry of Emergency Measures, without the assault stairs the work of a firefighter is impossible. The use of SL is necessary both for the evacuation of people and for extinguishing a fire, for a quick hit into the building from the outside.

Manual fire staircases

are popular. Depending on the task ahead, it is possible to distinguish 3 types of manual submarines:

1. Stick.
2. Three-wheeled.
3. Assault.

In this section a little more about the assault ladder. The design consists of 2 parallel bowstring, 12 steps and a metal hook. Manual hinged assault submarine works well when the firefighter is raised and lowered on a balcony, as well as to a window or a loggia of high-rise buildings. Also, if you need an assault can be used in a fixed position on the roof of a structure with steep ramps.

When the evacuation of injured people is carried out with the help of SL in P44T, it is not possible to have 2 adults at the same time - the maximum weight is up to 200 kg. Today, the consumer and fire units often use the KEL or DWG models, and a combined model is also in demand.

Purpose, types and arrangement of manual fire ladders: ladder-stick

Manual fire escape ladders are designed to allow firefighters to climb and descend safely during rescue operations.

Often the fire ladder is represented as a special attack

As mentioned, the manual fire ladder( carry) can be in the form:

• Stick;
• Stormings;
• Three-knitted.

It can be made from wood or aluminum. Metal or wood stairs have a simple design. Stairs are included in the equipment of fire fighting equipment, which bring them to the place of fire, where people are evacuated. Typical staircase-stick is designed to lift fire fighters to the first floor.

Application is possible only at a small height, it is necessary for work inside the building. Consists of 2 bowstrings and 8 steps. The design is foldable, as the manufacture provides for the hinged fastening of the steps. The folding ladder in the folded state resembles a stick and it can be used in a fire to beat off plaster and similar work.

Three-edged fire ladder

A fold-out three-wheeled ladder is necessary to lift fire fighters in the window of the 3rd floor or on the roof of a 2-storey building. In the expanded state of the device, it is possible to raise fire-technical equipment.

Advantages of a three-edged fire escape are practicality and convenient use

Extendable ladder consists of retractable elements:

• Lower;
• Medium;
• Top.

Also includes the mechanism of displacement, extension and fixation( nodes).When extending, each knee slides on the strings, and at the bottom and top of the structure there are 2 wall supports. The extension is carried out using a rope, which should be moved through a transverse and a movable block.

To stop the extension, just let go of the rope. Before work, you must carefully study the installation rules. When there is experience, the three-track ladder is installed quickly. You can use spurs. To remove, close the ladder, you must move the rope and slowly reduce the effort on it. Perform a smooth lowering of the knees. It must be done very carefully.

Fire ladders on the roof:

fabrication material Usually, roofing stationary, working ladders and transition bridges are made of galvanized metal and painted with weatherproof paint."Decorate" with paint is mandatory. The submarine on the roof made of metal from the inner invisible part is covered with zinc, which protects the structure from rust.

If you decide to install a fire escape on the roof, you should consider the design of the room and its design

All structural elements are firmly connected, any length can be made. Relevant to the owners of real estate are stairs for the roof of aluminum. Their purpose is also, but an advantage in strength and lightness of construction.

Device parameters must correspond to:

• Design;
• Floors;
• Security Rules.

It is necessary to think over the design of the house, install the hatch to the attic. The hatch must be placed between the roof and the last floor, there must be free access to it. Drawings, the project should be considered at the stage when the estimate is made, when the foundation is laid. When the construction was installed, the installation was carried out, it must be tested.

If there is no experience, it is better to contact a professional company that can repair old fire escape ladders, paint, replace parts. In such firms there is always a catalog, where a large selection of ready-made structures and services is offered. Fire stairs are important to arrange on each building, it does not matter in the kindergarten, in the office building. Some owners of multi-level apartments, where between the floors spiral staircases arrange a submarine on the balcony in the apartment. In addition, there must be emergency exits in buildings.

Ladder metal fire: how to paint

Many will be interested in what color and composition to paint the fire escape. Painting a submarine is necessary to protect the structure from rust. History says that even during the Soviet Union, PF-115 enamel was used. Today, use a coating of zinc or special enamels with soil. Can be used foreign dyeing material, and maybe domestic.

When selecting the paint for fire escape, it is necessary to take into account its stability and high quality.

The advantages of coating with special enamel are:

1. Resistance to rust.
2. Easy to use.
3. High quality coating.

If the distance to the submarine is not very long, then the telescopic ladder of the stepladder can be used in painting work. Today you can buy paint and any fire equipment in any city, and Salavat certainly is not an exception.

Stairway hinged rescue fire

For the use of rescue equipment, no special skills are required, the exercises are standard. Specialists recommend careful coordination of their actions, the remaining process is understandable at the level of intuition and does not differ from the lifting or descent of other staircase structures. Evacuation on the hinged rescue ladder is not carried out.

The simplest version of the rescue fire escape is the hinged structure

Do not evacuate:

• children;
• of the elderly;
• patients.

Types of fire ladders( video)

Mechanized devices are used for evacuation. In extreme cases, evacuation can be carried out by a "knot" of experienced rescuers.

Examples of fire ladders( photo)