The most costly item in the operation of your own home is the cost of heating. Is it possible to reduce them? Yes, if you use the maximum free energy of natural sources. Even in the middle zone of Russia from one square meter per year, you can get up to 1,300 kWh of solar energy, which can be used for almost any household needs.
Principle of operation and benefits
Solar batteries are an electrical energy generator based on photoelectric reactions. Their efficiency is rather low - from 15 to 30%, and the power of one module is 50-300 watts. Modern batteries produce energy efficiently even with medium cloudiness. Several solar cells are connected in a circuit to provide the house with the necessary amount of electricity. Serves a system of solar batteries for more than 25 years, and the cost of its construction pays off already in 3-4 years.
Most often, solar panels are installed on the roof of the house, so no additional useful area inside the house is spent. The total surface area of solar panels for heating a house of 100-120 square meters.m in the central strip is about 30 square meters.m. However, it is still necessary to provide an isolated place in the house where electrical distribution equipment and batteries will be installed, the electricity from which will be used in the dark and in cloudy weather.
A heating system using electricity from sunlight is more often electric, although there are also options for a water heating system connected to an electric boiler. The electrical system is preferable, since the use of solar energy is more effective with a small heating of large areas, such as a warm floor.
It is also more flexible in setting, and it's easier to change the temperature depending on the weather in the street or the number of people in the room. The installation of electric heating is simpler and faster, an additional advantage is the absence of bulky radiators under the windows and pipes.
Disadvantages and solutions to their problems
A typical house spends about 74% of its total energy consumption for heating, while an energy-efficient house spends about 45-55% on heating. This is achieved through careful thermal insulation and the elimination of places of heat leakage. It will not be possible to save on solar heating if the walls are not insulated, and in the windows and doors - slots. Before installation of heating from solar panels it is necessary to warm the walls, roof, floor, take care of the sealing of windows.
In most of Russia's regions, with a sufficient total annual number of sunny days, they are extremely unevenly distributed. In winter, cloudy periods and snowfalls can last for weeks, not to mention the fact that the light day is significantly reduced. For safety, it is necessary to have a backup heating system in the form of a boiler or the ability to switch the heating system to receive energy from a centralized power grid. Nevertheless, the use of solar panels for heating in the fall and spring is justified and allows you to reduce the total cost of heating.
Most homeowners from installing solar panels keep their high cost. For a system with a capacity of 20-25 kW, with which you can heat a medium-sized house, you will have to pay more than 800 thousand rubles. The system will pay for itself at the current tariffs for electricity for 3 years, if the house additionally in the cold months has to be heated by natural gas, the payback period increases.
system project
It is better to think about the installation of solar batteries at the design stage of the house, since they should be located on the southern roof slope, and the optimal angle of its inclination is from 30 to 45 degrees depending on the region. Specially designed for the use of solar energy houses have an asymmetrical or single-deck roof, on which a large number of solar cells can be located. If the orientation of the house and the shape of the roof do not allow to effectively fix the solar panels, it is possible to mount on the roof or walls special frames for their fastening. Solar panels can also be placed on racks outside the house.
In addition to the solar modules themselves and their fasteners for connection to the heating system,
- battery power take-off,
- solar controller,
- primary converter,
- batteries and the controller that monitors the remaining charge are automatically usedswitching to a centralized power grid when the charge level drops below the critical limit,
- electric current transformer from DC to AC,
- complCT wires.
Optimum, if the electrical heating system of the house, working from solar energy, will be equipped with a thermostat and temperature controllers in each room. A detailed design and estimates are best spent together with an experienced electrician. He also should be charged with the work on connecting solar panels, so as not to damage them, as well as all the wiring in the house.
It is necessary to make a decision on installing a solar heating system based on the availability of other energy sources in the village and their cost.
