Tandoor with their own hands

Many peoples have their own types of furnaces for cooking everyday and festive dishes. The most famous of these devices are barbecue , grill, barbecue facilities, but not many yet know such an oven as tandyr , which is used for the preparation of national dishes in Central Asia.

To build tandyr with their own hands in the suburban area or in the courtyard of the private house - it is quite possible, if you know what it is, and step by step to carry out all the stages of its construction.

What is tandyr , and that in it can be prepared?

oven in Asian countries is used for cooking, you can say literally of all , starting from baking bread and finishing with roast meat. Therefore, this building can be found, probably in every yard of a private house in those parts. The amazing taste of the tandyr prepared in the was appreciated by Russian fans of oriental cuisine, so more often such stoves appear on the territories of suburban areas and in Russia.

The fragrant Uzbek flatbread of various kinds, baked vegetables, shish kebab, fried chicken - can all be cooked in this comparatively small but highly versatile oven.

In Central Asian countries, firewood for firewood has always been a deficit, as there are no significant forest areas or even rare plantations in these areas. Mostly low shrubs, solitary trees and grasses, which do not require a lot of moisture. They are traditionally used for the firebox of the tandoor .It has a design that can be heated with a knitted simple saxaul - shrubbery growing on sandy soils and burning with a short-term intense heat. The oven remains hot, which allows you to bake a large number of bread products, and therefore its can be called a very economical device for cooking.

Breadcrumbs , baked in tandyr , in Asian countries are called " tandyr-nan ", which in Turkish from means tandyr bread.

construction is quite simple. The - construction task is quite feasible for a beginner, and having instructions for each step in the construction will not allow any errors.

The furnace is installed on a foundation that is located on the 150 - 170 mm above the ground level and deepens just below the floor if the is installed in a kitchen or gazebo. However, the usual location of its - is an open yard site.

Immediately above the base is arranged an air chamber with a door, and on top it is laid cast-iron lattice .

Next, the inner chamber of the tandyr is built from the bricks, which narrows to the top of the and forms the dome shape. Its inner surfaces should be covered with a layer of clay and well-smoothed. On their surface, raw tortillas dough will be stuck, which will be after baking with fragrant bread.

Tandoor can have different sizes, but it is traditionally made in height 1000 - 1500 mm, and its diameter is about 1000 mm. If it is built in the country and will not be considered as the only place where you can prepare food, then a small stove is planned.

As the inner chamber narrows at the top, a heat-saving material is filled between it and the external walls. Most often, small stones, salt, sand or fine-grained expanded clay are used for this. This layer will help for a long time to keep tandyr hot after burning in it fuel.

If bread is baked in the tandyr , after the firewood is burned and the walls are warmed up properly, the coals from the furnace must be removed so that the smoke does not soak of pellets. When preparing meat for , this can be avoided, since smoke will give a special flavor to a barbecue or shish kebab.

Form tandyr and the materials from which it is built contribute to the heat release from the heated walls of the inside the chamber, and not to the outside. Therefore, , even after the recovery of coals, the accumulated heat will be enough that pellets or vegetables are completely baked, and the meat is fried.

The tandoor can be manufactured in two ways by the - with the installation of a finished clay tab, or with the by the forming a thick clay layer on the inner walls lined with bricks.

The clay tab can be purchased ready-made. It, in the principle , is a jug that does not have the bottom of the .If there is an opportunity to purchase one, then the process of manufacturing the tandyr will be significantly facilitated and will pass much faster.

Tandoor with

can be made on its own, but you need to be aware beforehand that the that this - work is commensurate with art, and it's not at all a fact that will get everything from the first time.

Production of tandoor tab

does not fit any raw for the clay insert - you need a medium-viscosity fireclay that has good ductility.

The molding mixture for making this furnace consists of salt, clay, sand and wool, in proportions of 1: 4: 1: 2.To add to the solution, camel or sheep wool - is used, it promotes better thermal insulation and serves as a kind of reinforcing element for the clay product.

The clay should be well cleaned of foreign impurities( stones and roots of plants), is rubbed through the mesh, mixed and soak on the for one or two days.

Further, the solution is well kneaded to the homogeneous dough-like state - this process is pushed by the feet .The mixture literally tramples for a long time.

Tandoor is manufactured in a special way, different from the classic pottery . The method is called a tape method, since strips of thickness 15 ÷ 20 mm, a length of 2000 and a width of 200 ÷ 250 mm are rolled out of the clay solution. The process of their manufacture is carried out in the shade, under the roof of the canopy, since in the sun the clay will quickly dry, losing its elasticity.

Further, prepared clay stripes are exposed to the sun, and from them a bowl without a bottom - is formed, this will be the lower part of the tandyr .The form is neatly displayed in a ring with even walls. As a frame, you can use a metal barrel, but having formed the lower part, the frame must be removed immediately. And that the clay easily "released", metal barrels can be smeared with vegetable oil.

The next step on the bottom of the bowl is fastening one or two strips that form the narrowing to the top of the part of the jug with rounded flanks, similar to the dome, but so far without the top neck.

The wall sealing process is then carried out using two special tools - a kind of wooden or metal trowel with smooth rounded edges, which is disc-shaped, and a wooden blade with diagonal relief strips.

The master holds the trowel with one hand, pressing it against the inner surface of the jug with one hand, and gently rubs the from the outer, through the clay wall. At this time the clay is compacted and on it a pattern is formed in the form of diagonal strips.

After that the upper part with the neck is formed, which should have a diameter in two and less than the bottom of the insert.

The Gly on the of the top of the jug is sealed and leveled in the same way as on the lower and middle part of it.

While the clay paste will dry, you can go to the foundation of the tandoor .

Fundamentals nt for i tandyr

If tandyr will have a ready-made tab, then the foundation for it can be , for to to and for square shape. The same thing can say and about the erection of brick walls - they are laid out in a circle or in the form of a cube. The second option is even more preferable, since a sufficiently large gap is formed between the insert and the outer walls, which can be filled with a heat-insulating or heat-accumulating compound.

The size of the diameter or sides of the foundation should be greater by 120 ÷ 150 mm than the bottom part of the external brick walls of the tandyr .The pit for the foundation is not too deep, it is enough to choose a soil for 120 ÷ 170 mm.

The next stage of the foundation pit is covered with a layer of sand, 50 mm thick and compacted well.

Next, you can do two things: lay the reinforcing mesh, or first make a mound of rubble of the middle fraction and already lay the reinforcement on it. The second variation nt makes the foundation stronger, since gravel with solution form an additional peculiar reinforcing layer.

Then, to raise the foundation above the ground, you can make the formwork height, approximately , in 100 ÷ 150 mm. If the foundation is raised, then the risk of undermining the masonry with rain water is excluded.

A concrete mortar consisting of sand, gravel and cement is poured into the formwork or directly onto the reinforcement. It is leveled with the help of the rule, the evenness of the surface is checked by the building level.

Masonry of

walls After drying and hardening of concrete, the of edges of the resulting board is measured inside the planned distance of 120-150 mm, and the outer edges of the walls of the tandyr are chalked.

The first row on which the canal of the blowing chamber will be formed will be arranged along these lines. The ash door is installed on the first or second row of the chamber walls.

Some people prefer a metal tube instead of a door, but in it it is also necessary to install a damper that will allow to regulate the amount of incoming air or even to cover it completely.

Sometimes, when constructing the , the tandyr also refuses from the air chamber, preferring to burn wood at the bottom of the furnace, but in this case it will be inconvenient to produce for its cleaning from combustion products.

If the camera is arranged, then on top grate is laid on top of it, on which the burning of firewood takes place. The ash falls into the ashtray, from which, after opening the door, it will be easy for the to remove its .

Lattice can be made independently from reinforcing bars or purchased ready cast iron in a specialized store.

As the on sale it is possible to find both rectangular and round variants of lattices , which can be selected according to the diameter of the tandoor .

On the platform on top of the of the grate, the tandem is carefully installed, and the joint between the of its bottom edge and the brick pad is smeared with clay mortar.

Further, around the tab, up to the its neck, brick walls are erected, and then the gaps between the clay and brick walls are filled with the above mentioned materials.

thermo-accumulating materials. The next stage, the entire top, except the middle round hole, is covered with brickwork.

Next, before operating the , its needs to be mildly heated for a few days, so that the drying takes place evenly and gradually.

For the hole is made a wooden cover with a comfortable handle, which will tightly close the neck.

After full drying of all materials it will be possible to proceed to cooking.

Tandoor made of bricks

For interior finishing of tandyr made of bricks, clay mortar is prepared in the same way as for creating tandyr tab, but for laying rows of - wool is excluded from the mixture.

For the erection of an internal brick chamber, which will replace a ready-made clay tab, a high-temperature red or silicate brick is selected, capable of withstanding very high temperatures for a long time.

First of all, just like in the first case, a foundation pit is digging for the foundation and a foundation is poured.

On the foundation, a marking is done, that is, a circle is drawn that will define the outer boundaries of the walls of the lower part of the domed chamber.

In the this case is represented by a model having the following dimensions:

• Diameter of the bottom part 1000 mm;
• Building height 1290 mm;
• The height of the domed part from the point of the beginning of the constriction is 545 mm. This dome is displayed in just 10 rows of masonry.

The first row of masonry with opening for the air chamber will be laid out along the marked lines. When laying the , its should be immediately smoothed with a solution of clay from inside, for the manufacture of which, by the way, instead of clay , can be used a chamotte mortar of fine grinding.

The next stage is laid out the second row, which will block the entire blowing chamber, leaving only the window in the central part of the hole for the cast iron grating. In this model its size is 700 × 200 mm.

. Starting with the third and , the tandyr is laid in a circle around the with the thirteenth row and covered with a thick layer of clay mixture. And , this coating should be as flat as possible, so smooth the clay by hand, periodically wetting the of its in water.

Starting from the fourteenth series, the dome dome is formed. This is done by shifting each successive row towards the center by a distance that must be previously calculated. The calculation is carried out quite simply - knowing that the diameter of the bottom of the tandyr is 1000 mm, and the neck should be is half the size, that is, its diameter should be equal to 500 mm, and this should be done in ten rows,a simple arithmetic example is compiled:

500 : 10 = 50mm .

This means that each of the 10 rows should be shifted toward the center by 50 mm.

Since the inner surface must be perfectly smooth, the of the edge of that side of the bricks that will be turned inside is cut with the by the grinder. In another way, the walls of the dome can be made smooth by applying thick clay mixture on them and carefully leveling with constant wetting with water.

design So for ten rows the whole dome is formed and is peeled from inside by clay.

After the completion of the of these works, it is possible to proceed to external finishing using a clay mortar having the composition the same as for brickwork.

In this case, it is necessary to lubricate the seams of the dome very well, preferably - , to apply a layer of such thickness that the steps of the bricks under it are completely hidden.

After carrying out all these activities, tandyr is left to dry on the two or three hours.

This is followed by the first prototype .To do this, the chamber is completely filled with thin firewood or with brushwood .The fuel is ignited and must burn completely.

This process will not only dry the - folded structure, it will burn and harden clay.

Afterwards, the outer wall is erected, which must pass close to the laying of the inner domed structure before the dome begins to form. The height of the external wall must be the level is equal to the height of the inner chamber.

Spreading the bottom rows of the outer wall, you need to remember that in front of the blast hole there is a window.

After the wall is ready, the space between it and the inside of the tandyr is filled to the very top with the materials mentioned above. After filling with the free , the remains only the middle hole of the furnace.

After filling the heat insulator, the top part of tandyr is best laid out with a brick or stone, having clamped it with the same clay. Thus, the complete completeness of the design will be achieved.

The final touch in the construction of the furnace is the manufacture of the lid. Its , just like in the first variant, is made of boards or metal.

Video: version of the brick tandyr

Simplified variants t t andyra

The traditional tandyr is difficult to fold, as to make a clay tab or arcuate brick arch, you need a special skill. Yes, and bring the wall in a circle - , too, without the proper experience is not easy. Therefore, tandyr furnaces , which , if desired , can more add any owner of the summer cottage.

For a small country tandyr is suitable even for the old brick, the main thing is that it should be whole and heat-resistant. Such a brick can sometimes be obtained from neighbors who decided to disassemble the old one and lay down a new oven.

In order not to think about the correctness of making mortar for wall masonry, you can purchase a special heat-resistant mixture in the building store for the erection of stoves and fireplaces. The preparation instructions can be found on the package, and if you follow the manufacturer's recommendations, the solution will turn out to be plastic, and when drying does not dash t t of the soles.

It should be noted immediately that this model is calculated on cooking meat, fish and vegetable dishes, but bake it on its wall x x the forehead will not work. If you are thinking about baking of lozenges, then the walls from inside should be smeared with clay, and the surface should be well smoothed.

When doing this, the work also begins with the preparation of the foundation. But in this case, as the builders say, as a foundation, you can use three layers of silicate brick laid in the excavated pit. And , the laying of the first layer is made along the excavation, the second across , and the third - again along.

The first row of the tandyr itself should be solid, and in the second layer from the middle to one of the sides of the resulting platform a horizontal channel is left, which will serve as an air chamber. The third row is laid out completely, blocking the canal channel, but in the middle of the site a hole is left around which tandyr will be installed around it.

The lower rows of brick in the foundation are laid without mortar, but tightly pressed against each other, the excavation will not allow the rows to move one way or the other. In the upper layer, it is better to cement the brick between each other with a mixture of clay and fix it on all sides with pieces of reinforcement, 400 ÷ 500 mm in size. The bars of the reinforcement are driven into the ground, and on the top of the there remains a section equal in height to the upper row of the masonry.

If the base under tandyr is laid out only from one layer of bricks( as shown in the photo data), then under it a pit is sized, approximately 200 × 200 mm, and in it is installed pipe. But, it should be noted that this method of the device did not inflate reliably , because during the rains the earth chamber will be washed away with water and eventually the structure can permeate.

The circle around the around the blast hole is marked on the site, within which tandyr will be installed.

is installed Next, the first row of bricks is installed. They are placed vertically along a drawn circle, in this model the diameter of the chamber is 400 mm, and for this purpose only 19 pieces of bricks are needed.

Having installed the first row of bricks, it is tied with two rows of steel wire, the ends of which are twisted and hiding in the gaps.

Next, the first row is set in the same way two rows. In total, for the design will need to find 57 bricks. Each of the rows is fixed, like the first, with wire ties. The total height tandyr , after its installation, will be 750 mm.

is installed. The next stage of the is the covering all the gaps between the mortar bricks made of a fireproof mixture. Before applying the mortar, the brick is recommended to be moistened so that the water from the mixture is not absorbed into the dry bricks too quickly, and the drying takes place evenly and gradually.

After the is filled with all the gaps, and the solution in them is dried, the structure is "plastered" over its entire surface.

are filled with the solution. Further, it is necessary to cover the entire structure with a layer of clay, into which finely chopped straw is added. Such layers with a thickness of 15 ÷ 20 mm should be two, and the second is applied after the first is dried, approximately two to three days later. They should dry out evenly, without rapid evaporation of moisture, and for this the construction is covered with a polyethylene with film.

These layers should be applied smoothly, but their surface is not necessarily smoothed, since they will be still closed from the top.

. Then, the clay walls are wrapped with an reinforcing layer consisting of a metal grid with cells of approximately 50 × 50 mm.

A metal ring is installed around the furnace opening, which separates the lid from the rest of the surface. This part should have a height of 30 ÷ 50 mm. With an external its side up to the edges of the walls is superimposed with a layer of clay equal to the height of the hoop.

After that, the metal mesh on the walls is completely covered with with another layer of clay and left to dry.

Further, when the surface is ready, a layer of concrete mortar consisting of sand and cement is applied to the in a 3: 1 ratio. Masters who build tanders recommend to add one or one and a half teaspoons of detergent - to the concrete intended for coating, it will not allow the shrinkage to dry out.

Drying of the surface of the structure takes place within a week. During this time, you need to make a wooden cover with a handle, which will allow for a long time to keep the heat inside the tandyr at its furnace.

lid. In addition, to suspend the skewers you will need to make a metal crossbar, which is laid on the rims of the tandyr holes for the wooden cover.

It should be said that if desired, the whole surface of the tandoor can be decorated with a decorative coating - for example, the is mosaic with laid flat natural stones. This layer, by the way, will become an additional insulation for the furnace, which will help preserve heat inside the .

Video: construction of by with simplified scheme

Ready tandyr

ready-made can be found on sale in various sizes, and in order not to do an unfamiliar job, you can simply buy such an oven and even firewood specially designed for its firebox.

In addition to tandyr on wood, even electric models that do not require fuel are sold, as heating is performed by TEN installed on the bottom of the furnace.

electric tandyrs are also on sale. Any of the ready-made factory products will allow a variety of any dishes, starting with baking of and pizza baking and finishing with roasting vegetables and hot meat. However, one should warn that the taste of dishes cooked in electric ovens is significantly different from those that or fried in the tandyr , heated with firewood. This is because the TAN , although heats the surfaces, but it dries very much, and therefore - and products that are in the heated space of the . Firewood, by heating the walls and giving away its own moisture, which is absorbed into the porous clay surface, creates the necessary balance of heat and humidity. In this favorable microclimate, the products remain juicy, well roasted and roasted.

How is the tandoor prepared in the ?

• In addition to flatbread and shish kebab, tandyr is preparing a barbecue and baking pizza. But for the preparation of these dishes, an additional element is needed - the is the grille , which is fixed to the neck of the oven on special fasteners and falls approximately to the middle of the tandyr .

• . On the same grate you can put a pot or a pan with the necessary products and get a fragrant pilaf or soaked soup.
• When cooks fatty meat, for example lamb, grate is installed over the coals, and with on its , which will drain the juice and fat from the piece - suspended above it, are necessary for making the shurpa.
• With preparing a kebab or shish kebab in the Uzbek version of the , the tandyr is small in size, the skewers are simply placed in the hole in the oven or suspended on an iron cross bar. And the neck at the top is closed with a lid.
• All dishes are prepared in the tandyr much faster than in ovens or barbecues. For example, lamb and pork will require 18 ÷ 25, beef 30 ÷ 35, fish or poultry 8 ÷ 12, and vegetables and 5 ÷ 7 minutes at all.
• Oriental culinary experts advise: in the tandyr , not completely cooled, place the saucepan with with rigid meat, which has many veins and will be cooked for a few hours during normal cooking. The pan, covered with a lid, is left inside the tandyr until the next morning, and then from this meat it is possible to cook any dish in which it will "melt" in the mouth.

In addition to the above models of furnaces, there are other options, but the most affordable design for construction is the modern simplified tandyr .Such an eastern stove can be performed even by an inexperienced builder, if the foundation is correctly made by calculating the load, and will adhere to the instructions for erection.

Having a tandoor at the dacha , you do not have to worry that someone will remain hungry, as in he can cook almost all dishes. And that main - over them is not it is necessary to stand. Having drowned the tandoor and laid the prepared products in it, you can do your own business, periodically checking the readiness of the dishes, and then you will have to give them to the table at the right time in a hot state.