Decorative panels for interior decoration of walls

Decorative panels for interior wall decoration

Wall lined with 3D panels

Decorating the wall with

One of the most common options - panels in the form of lining

Sheet panels allow you to quickly close large areas of walls

Wooden mosaic panel

PVC panel with color pattern

Embossed acoustic foam board

Relatively new finishing material - gypsum panels

Panels based on fiberboard, MDF or chipboard have unsurpassed advantages.

3D-panels made of different materials or their combinations.

Characteristics of various wall panels

In order to know for which room the is suitable for the type of material from which the panels are made, you need to consider their characteristics, as well as how they will look in the interior.

Wood Panels

Wooden panels are manufactured in different versions - these can be smooth square or rectangular elements with a relief pattern or assembled from several parts and having a finished appearance.

Most often, panels are made of cedar, oak, larch, alder or wood from the maple. If very inexpensive material is used for their production, then they try to disguise it for more valuable wood with the help of special compounds that will make the a sharper texture and darker fiber.

Wooden panels are ideal for decorating living quarters, as they are environmentally friendly "breathing" material. You can use them to decorate rooms with high humidity, but in this case it is necessary for to choose material impregnated with water-repellent compounds, and on top covered with wax.

Recently, panels have been gaining popularity from a split wood massif, arranged in different variations, as a result of which produces relief patterns with a visible structure of the fibers of the material and each bough in the it .This technique of making panels helps to preserve the natural beauty of the tree, since the traces of processing are not visible on the on it .For the production of such slabs ash is used, birch and oak - they all on the cleave have a beautiful pattern. Finished plates are covered with colorless varnish or wax.

Particleboard and MDF panels

- is a composite material based on wood chips and chips. To bind these wood waste, phenol-formaldehyde resin is used, which can range from 5 to 17 % based on the total weight. The prepared mixture passes this nd polish hot pressing, and then it turns into slabs. After this, the panels are most often covered with wood veneer and laminated with .

MDF material - it can be decoded as a finely divided fraction, ie plates, from from of lumber is manufactured. Panels are formed by dry pressing, and carbamide resins are used as raw materials for raw materials, which are less toxic than formaldehyde. MDF are classified E1, that is, they have the least danger to human health, which opens them to the widest application in living quarters. The remaining characteristics are similar to the parameters of particleboard.

chipboard and MDF can be "disguised" for any type of wood, and quality material is sometimes difficult to distinguish from natural wood.

According to some characteristics, chipboard and MDF surpass even wood - the boards are strong and enough rigid , but if necessary they can be easily processed. Wood chipboards have a lower classification of flammability than natural wood, possess sound - and heat-insulating properties.

The disadvantages of conventional boards and MDF boards include low moisture resistance, as they swell when wet, and their thickness increases by 5 ÷ 30%, which leads to deformation. Therefore, this material can not be used for finishing wet rooms. However, in addition to conventional chipboard plates for rooms with normal humidity, moisture resistant wall panels are produced, but they have a higher price.

It is also necessary to know that the phenol-formaldehyde resins that make up the panels are extremely harmful to human health, and they will be released from the plates throughout the entire period of their operation. Therefore, it is undesirable to use chipboard for finishing any living quarters. Such material can be suitable for putting in order the walls of halls, passage corridors and other well-ventilated rooms. In any case, before decide on the purchase of chipboard panels, you should familiarize yourself with their performance characteristics, indicated on the marking or in the technical documentation for the batch of goods.

Characteristics of the EAF:

Parameters of the material:	Features	Use in living areas
Domestic safety class ( phenol formaldehyde content per 100 gr of dry material)	E0	None	is used
E1	Not more than 10 mg	is used
E2	Not more than 30 mg	Not used
E3	Not more than 60 mg	Not used
Brand DSP	P-A	Water resistant, durable and less prone to deformation.	Premises with high humidity.
	Has lower values ​​
Density, kg / m³	very small	350-450
small	450-650
medium	650-750
high	750-800
Grading of the material according to GOST 10632-89	1grade	Laminated. Do not have external flaws, in the form of chips, scratches, uneven edges and surfaces.	is used
2 grade	Has an external coating. On the material defects in the form of small chipping of edges, scratches and other damages are allowed.	Depending on the amount of formaldehyde content
3 grade	Coated and without it. It is considered a defective material, it is used as an auxiliary material, for example, for the manufacture of formwork.	Depending on the amount of formaldehyde content
Standard slab sizes, mm	Length	5680, 5500, 5200, 4100, 3750, 3690, 3660, 3600.3500, 3220, 2840, 2800, 2750, 2700, 2600, 2500, 2440,2040, 1830 ± 0.5 mm
Width	Thickness	28, 22, 19, 18, 16, 10, 20, 1730, 1500, 1250, 1220 ± 0,5 mm9, 8 ± 0,3 mm

It should be noted here that the foreign-made boards have other standards, and they are especially different in formaldehyde content. For example, according to European standards, the maximum permissible percentage of this substance for the class E1 - 8 mg, E2 - 8 ÷ 15 mg, E3 - 35 ÷ 40 mg, ie its concentration is reduced by an average of 20%.

It is worth mentioning the number of layers , which can have DSP.The material is produced in single-, three - and five-layer variant, and also in the form of plates with a special design called " tambourate ".Most often three-layer plates are used for panels, which consist of an inner layer of large chips, an average - from small sawdust, and the top layer is one of the applied coatings.

" Tamburat " consists of external layers made of chipboard or MDF, between which the cellular board is placed - this is the lightweight by weight material having a structure like a sandwich panel.

Fibreboard panels

Fiberboard - Fiberboard Plate. As its name suggests, it is made of wood fibers, which are subjected to grinding, and then pressed under high pressure with each other. Previously, the same phenol-formaldehyde resins served as a binder for raw materials in the manufacture of plates. Today, well-known manufacturers of finishing material refuse these substances and switch to a completely environmentally friendly production using eucalyptus wood resins. Tse on such products much above, but they are not harmful to human health, since they do not release toxic fumes into the air.

Advanced decorative panels from chipboard can be used for finishing any premises, including with high humidity. The finishing waterproof version of the material, in addition to resins, includes water repellents , and the outer surface of the panels is covered with a polymer film , that is, is laminated with .This processing and makes the finishing plates resistant to mechanical, thermal influences and to moisture, significantly prolongs the period of their operation.

fiberboard. surface surfaces are decorated with for a variety of - material. They can imitate natural stone, wood, brickwork or ceramic tiles. Quality execution approximates the type of plates to simulated materials so that it is sometimes difficult to distinguish them from the original. At the same time, the plates have a lower price than the natural finish and their installation is much easier and faster, which allows you to create the desired design at a lower cost.

The sheets of fiberboard can have a maximum length of 3600 mm, a width of 1800 mm, and their thickness is from 3 to 25 mm. Such dimensions of the sheet allow you to close a large area immediately, which makes the installation faster and better. The panels can have different structural densities and are divided according to this criterion into three types:

Panel name	Thickness, mm	Density of the material, kg / m³
Insulating	25	250
Finishing-insulating	20	350
Solid	3 ÷ 6	800 ÷ 900
Semi-solid	8	400 ÷800
Super hard	2 ÷ 3	1000

Mounting of

fiberboard panels. Before installing decorative panels on walls, they are placed in the room where they will be installed and left for several days to adapt to the temperature and humidity regime.

Connection of boards or sheets When assembled in one plane, two variants can be made:

• The most famous and simple is with the help of the lock "spike-groove".
• The second method is the lock "groove-groove", into which the fastening tab is inserted.

As a rule, the panels are fixed to crate from wooden rails or beams pre-installed on the wall. The elements are fastened vertically or horizontally, parallel to each other at a distance of 400 ÷ 500 mm, with taking into account the dimensions of the selected finishing plates. The panels are fixed perpendicular to the elements of the bridle with the help of special metal elements of the clamps, therefore their fastenings from the outside are absolutely not noticeable.

If the wall for the installation of plates is leveled and requires only decorative finishing, the material can be glued to it with the help of liquid nails glue.

Gypsum-vinyl panels

Gypsum-vinyl decorative plates are identical in structure to plasterboard, but instead of cardboard two-sided surface for their manufacture are used vinyl plates, which gives to the material a higher strength and aesthetic appearance that does not require additional decorative design. The material has an affordable price and is therefore quite in demand for the decoration of walls and partitions of residential and non-residential premises.

Panels made of these materials are durable and resistant to mechanical influences, as well as to detergents. Finishing is easy to put in order with the help of wet cleaning, as it has resistance to moisture and aggressive environment. Therefore, the material is used not only for mounting it on walls, but for processing slopes of window and door openings .

The plates with a size of 2500 × 1200 and 300 × 1200 mm, 12 mm thick, are produced and have more than 150 different colors that can be combined with each other and combined with other finishing materials.

Most often gypsum-vinyl boards are mounted using aluminum profiles having different color solutions, so they can easily be selected to any panels. If the plates are purchased from the of the manufacturer-specific , then the material and accessories can be selected from the available catalog .

A very important point in the installation of this material is that it is carried out without a lot of debris and dust. It is this quality that allows you to finish in an already finished interior.

A few words about the fire safety gypsovinyl finishing material. Its combustibility is classified as G2( moderate), smoke formation - D1( very low), flammability - B2( moderate), smoke toxicity in combustion - T1( low toxicity).

For the installation gypsum vinyl different profiles are used. For example, for wall fixing, the profile PP with a size of 60 × 27 or 27 × 28 mm is used. To install the partitions, the profiles PS and ПН are used, and the width of such partition is on the average 85 ÷ 95 mm. Between the slabs in such a construction it is possible to lay a sound-proof material or to make a laying of communications. A ready partition can replace a full wall.

Panels made of PVC

PVC panels are quite popular for cleaning the walls of residential and non-residential premises of an apartment or a private house. They are produced in the form of lining or in sheets, the width of which can be 100, 250, 375, 500 and 1220 mm, and the length is 1035, 2240, 2700, 3000 and 6000 mm. The thickness usually varies from 3 to 8 mm.

By purchasing panels in sheets, it is possible to greatly simplify and speed up the installation process, since a large plate covers a large area of ​​the wall immediately.

PVC panels are manufactured without the use of hazardous substances for human health, therefore during operation they do not emit toxic fumes into the air. The material is moisture resistant, easy to clean and not afraid of household detergents. For the finishing of walls in rooms with high humidity, special moisture-proof panels are produced, which do not require special care - they should be wiped periodically with a damp and dry cloth.

Panels P BX pr are produced in different colors, they can mimic any natural material ( stone, wood and .), And besidesthis, they can be on them with a picture of masonry, tile, mosaic, , etc.

Panels installed on the wall will perfectly disguise t in the toilet and bathroom, behind them you can skip the various cable communesand also , if necessary, lay sound-insulating or heat-insulating material.

PVC panels are mounted not only on the walls, but also on the ceiling, and perfectly combined with the luminaires embedded in them.

The installation of this material on a wall or ceiling occurs in two ways:

• By fastening them to a wooden crate , using clamps or self-tapping screws.

• Bonding on a flat surface with "liquid nails" or glue on a gypsum-cement base.

Special fitting elements are made to fix the external and internal corners of the decoration. It should be noted that the quality of this material can be mounted on walls by anyone, even a novice builder who will follow the technology, carefully will perform markup and will control the horizontal and vertical installation of each element.

Qualitatively mounted PVC panels, under the recommended rules of operation and maintenance, are guaranteed to last up to 50 years, at normal room temperature, without sudden changes in one or the other side.

Cork panels

Cork panels are perfect for finishing any room in a house or apartment. Such material has many advantages over any others.

• The first and most important is the absolute ecological purity of the material.
• We appreciate the plug for excellent heat - and soundproofing qualities.
• The material is characterized by high moisture resistance.
• The plug does not absorb external odors, even such strong odors as tobacco smoke and kitchen fragrances.
• Panels withstand high temperatures reaching up to 350 degrees, but even when this threshold is reached, the material smoldering, but not supporting combustion. In this case, the plug does not emit a large amount of smoke and toxic substances.
• The resistance of the material to ultraviolet light, temperature gradients and all types of microflora allows the material to be used for a long time, since it does not change its original form.
• Simplicity of installation of a finishing material - it is quite possible to do without additional warming and installation of a curtain if the wall has an equal surface. The work on finishing the walls with a cork is not accompanied by the formation of dust and a large amount of debris.

Panels from this unique material are produced in different sizes, and tiles are usually 300 × 600 or 300 × 300 mm.

In addition to the wall panels, panels for flooring are also made of the same material. They have special locking joints, due to which they form a practically seamless coating after laying.

Wall panels have a thickness of 3 mm and are produced in various shades - from amber to dark brown. These colors can easily be adapted to the interior, performed in any of the existing styles. If desired, , you can find a cork finishing material that has colored inclusions - green , red or blue.

Mounting the cork panels

Mounting the panels from the cork in the following order:

• Surface preparation. Its will need to be well aligned - can use for this drywall, and then treat the surface of the finish with .After drying, the coatings are covered with sandpaper, which will create the required level of roughness, which promotes better adhesion of the adhesive composition.
• On the prepared wall marking is carried out. It is best to draw the entire wall into rows whose width will depend on the size of the finishing panels, given that they will be fastened to the back.
• Further, special glue is being prepared. It is applied to the wall with a spatula only in the place where the next panel will be fixed, as the to the lei for cork very quickly dries.

• glue The panel is tightly pressed against the glued area, and then rolled with a roller. Within a minute the panel should be glued to the wall.
• Then, the second, then the third and subsequent panels are stuck to the first. Do not forget to roll the surface with a platen.
• There should not be even small gaps between the panels.

Acoustic panels

Acoustic panels are indispensable in the fight against excessive audibility in the apartment. This wall and ceiling decoration is made from different materials, which combines one property of - , they all have a porous structure. It is this quality that gives a high efficiency in the absorption and dispersion of sound vibrations.

The most effective of all noise isolators is acoustic foam rubber - it is an inexpensive and sufficiently durable material that is more affordable than others comparable to it for soundproofing qualities.

Acoustic foam is produced in various shapes and sizes, has raised or flat surfaces. It can be combined with other materials and completely hidden from the eyes.

In the assortment of construction shops, there are other soundproof materials having more rigid structure than with foam rubber. They are convenient to mount, and they are able to eliminate noise penetration to some extent. But it is the of their rigidity that reduces the noise-insulating ability, as they reflect sound well, but do not absorb it.

These materials should be used in combination with foam rubber. So, for example, gypsovinyl plates are used for masking foam rubber, but if applied separately, there will be no sound-proof effect.

Sound absorbing panels are manufactured in without relief or relief design. The latter are considered a professional material, and are usually used in recording studios, in the premises next to the production halls or lively motor roads.

sound studio walls The use of acoustic panels in apartments is not very common, but in recent years it has become increasingly popular, as the walls of multi-storey houses built of reinforced concrete panels have high sound conductivity. This factor adversely affects the psyche, preventing a person from completely relaxing and resting. Acoustic panels provide an opportunity to make a rest room completely soundproof, but for this, their will have to install on all wall surfaces.

Combined acoustical panels can include the same foam rubber, but above it is masked with perforated plastic or gypsum-fiber panels, which will not reduce the efficiency of sound absorption.

Assembly of acoustic panels

Installation of foam panels is carried out as follows:

• If the foam is purchased separately and does not have a decorative coating, then it is installed under the exterior finish of the wall surfaces.
• Soft slabs are fixed to the surface with glue. If the wall finish allows, you can use for installation of double-sided wide adhesive tape.
• On the top of the foam in the recesses of its relief pattern are fixed bars or profiles of the crate .
• Then they can be fastened with gypsum boards, PVC panels or other finishing material. It will not affect the efficiency of foam insulation in any way.
• In the same way, the acoustic material is mounted on the ceiling and on the floor, and then closed on the ceiling with light panels, and on the floor - with plywood or a wooden board.
• Soundproof panels made in the form of sandwich panels can be mounted directly on the crate .

3D panels

Recently all great popularity conquer so-called 3D panels that perfectly fit into any interior and give a striking decorative effect. Especially it will be expressed with properly directed illumination, emphasizing the bulkiness of and the smoothness of the shapes of the drawing.

3D panels are made of almost all the materials already mentioned - it can be PVC, natural wood, chipboard, MDF, aluminum, pressed fiberboard, gypsum.

As the characteristics of almost all listed materials have already been paid attention, and the most popular for installation are gypsum 3D panels, their parameters and mounting rules and should be considered more closely.

Gypsum 3D panels are made of fine-grained gypsum powder with the addition of special plasticizers, which give the material resistance to increased humidity and allow to provide a balanced microclimate in the room. Other positive qualities of gypsum panels include the following:

• Environmental cleanliness of the material.
• Gypsum panels are completely incombustible.
• Material is amenable to to different types of finishing trim - is painting, plastering, veneering , etc.
• Correctly mounted on the wall, the material has high strength to mechanical influences.
• The walls get additional heat - and soundproof protection.
• Panels align the wall and hide all its flaws.
• Easy to install and easy to clean.

Installation of gypsum 3D panels

Gypsum 3D panels are mounted on the wall with glue on a gypsum base.

• Before starting the cladding, you must prepare the wall. Best of all this cp pr to lead using plasterboard, pasting it to the wall or by attaching to the crate .
• In order to increase the adhesion of materials, the wall must be covered with a primer in one or two layers.
• Next, you need to mark the wall, determining for the installation of the first row a perfectly flat horizontal line. It is recommended to install the J-shaped profile for mounting the lower row of aluminum. It is set horizontally in level, and not will allow slabs to slip below the marking line.
• The next stage on the wall with a trowel spatula is applied glue - only on the area of ​​installation of the next panel.
• The reverse side of the panel is also smeared with a thin layer of adhesive.

• glue Next, the panel strongly but gently presses against the wall. Glue on a gypsum base grasps quickly enough, so it is better to hold the panel for a while, waiting for a good grip of the panel with the wall.
• Often for more reliability when installing a heavyweight gypsum panels, they are additionally fixed with special dowels. The heads of the fastenings are drowned in gypsum - then it will be easy to decorate them with putty.

• A second panel is installed next to the first one. Between them it is necessary to leave a small gap, which should be the same between all the plates. Therefore, is often taken by the template, for example, a wire 5 mm thick, the lengths of which are set between the plates, and after the solution is hardened, remove.
• If a part of the panel is to be used in the series, then the solid plate is marked and cut using a hacksaw.
• The gaps between the plates are sealed with with , and if necessary, the excess mixture is removed with a damp sponge.

• gypsum putty. After the seams have dried, they are smoothed using fine-grained sandpaper.
• Prepared paneled wall covered with a primer, and then, if necessary, apply a tint.

Video: master class for assembling gypsum 3D panels

If it is decided to use wall decorating plates for decorating the room - there is always the option of to choose those that are the most suitable for design, installation technology and for the price for each specific case. Therefore, , having studied the characteristics of the materials of manufacture and stopping at the desired form of the panel, you can safely go to the store and choose the best option.