The installation of a strip foundation under the bath is the most common variant of foundation construction, as it is best suited for its technical parameters, in addition, it is easy to make by yourself.
Ribbon base suitable for baths from logs and for a bath of expanded clay blocks.
Despite the simple technology, the construction of such a foundation has certain nuances, which include site preparation and design.
It is from these stages that work begins.
Contents:
- Site preparation and design
- Earthwork
- Installation work
Site preparation and design
The foundation structure begins with the selection of a suitable site with the following characteristics:
- non-free soil;
- deep groundwater;
- dry ground;Shallow freezing of the soil in winter.
- .
Preparation of the site for the erection of the base under the bath begins with the cleaning of all unnecessary. After that, the top layer of the soil is removed and the area is leveled.
You should definitely check the horizontality of the site. This can be done using a building level or better hydraulic level, which is more accurate.
Now you can do the markup, which uses a theodolite or rope and pegs. The marking begins with the inner contour of the basement.
First you need to mark out one side of the future structure by installing two pegs between which a rope is stretched.
Then you need to determine the right angles and tape measure to set the lengths of the perpendicular sides and install the pegs.
The diagonals of the formed rectangle are now checked, which should be the same. And if they are actually the same, then you need to pull the ropes between the pegs.
Otherwise, you need to check the correctness of the markup. On the video you can see how the marking is done for a log from a log or blocks.
Video:
In this way, the inner contour is marked, and then the external contour is parallel to it. The width of the base should be 10 cm above the width of the walls of the bath. Now you need to mark out internal partitions.
It should be borne in mind that if a foundation is provided for the oven, it is done simultaneously with the base for the bath and the log, and laid out of the blocks.
After marking, you can proceed to excavation.
Earthwork
The first step is to dig a trench, the depth of which depends on the level of soil freezing. The depth of the trench should exceed the freezing level by 20-25 cm.
Also, the depth of the base depends on the mass of the bath. The optimum depth of the foundation is 30-100 cm. The width of the pit should be wider than the foundation by 25 cm, for the installation of the formwork.
If the sauna is small, you can dig a trench with your own hands, but to speed up the process you can resort to the help of technology.
At the end of the digging, a cushion should be laid on the bottom of the pit, consisting of layers of sand and gravel with a thickness of at least 10 cm and not more than 25 cm.
In order for the pillow to be denser, the sand layer should be poured with water and wait until it dries completely, only after thisto fill rubble, quality ramming and leveling.
You can not save on the pillow. Better 20 cm of cushion per 1 m of concrete than 5 cm of cushion at 1.15 m of concrete.
Installation work
Once the excavation work has been completed, the foundation can be started. It is necessary to know that the tape base can be monolithic or of blocks.
First we consider the device of a monolithic foundation with our own hands, for which, first of all, formwork is installed. Formwork can be done with your own hands, this requires an edging board.
To make the formwork easier to take off and dismantle, the nail heads should be located outside.
To increase the immovability of the formwork, the opposite sides need to be fastened with wooden slats.
Then, using a construction stapler or nails to the inner side of the formwork, it is recommended to attach polyethylene, roofing felt or roofing material in order to prevent the boards getting wet and getting the solution in the gap between the boards.
The next step is the reinforcement of the formwork, which will add to the foundation of strength and reliability. The pieces of reinforcing bars are placed on the bottom of the pit in two rows at a distance of 5 cm from the formwork.
Video:
The height of the reinforcement should be 5-6 cm below the foundation. After that, the bottom should be laid horizontal rods, which are tied to the vertical supports with wire.
For long service life it is necessary to use reinforcement with a diameter of at least 12 mm. The pieces of reinforcement should be connected with a wire.
After installing the fixture, you can start pouring the concrete mixture. For the mixture, the use of M-500 cement is recommended.
If the shading is carried out at a low temperature, then a plasticizer must be added to the solution. The solution can be prepared in two ways.
The first method uses cement and sand in a ratio of 2: 1.
This mixture has a high strength, but it quickly hardens, which is inconvenient if the work is done by one person.
The second method requires cement, sand and crushed stone in a ratio of 1: 3: 5.Such a solution solidifies slowly, but is less reliable.
Adding sand and gravel mixture, the foundation can be made stronger.
All components must be mixed in a dry form, and then add water and mix. The solution must be prepared correctly, otherwise the cracking of the basement may occur soon.
Video:
The finished mixture is poured into the formwork. If it is impossible to fill the mixture at a time, the mortar must be poured in layers of at least 25 cm.
The mixture is poured from a height of 50 cm, otherwise the concrete may become delaminated after drying. Having finished the pouring, the concrete should be leveled and pierced in several places for air outlet.
It is recommended to remove formwork after seven days, but sometimes it is done in three days. In hot weather, the concrete should be moistened with water four times a day, and when wet - cover with polyethylene.
It is possible to build walls from logs, beams or blocks only three weeks after the solution has completely solidified. Before the erection, the foundation is covered with waterproofing.
The device of the base of the blocks from the blocks with their own hands is simpler, since it does not require reinforcement, mixing of the solution in large volumes.
In addition, the block foundation is quickly erected, is durable and has a low cost.
For such a foundation, 2 layers of roofing material are laid on the bottom of the trench for waterproofing the foundation.
Laying blocks is done with a bandage, with a width of one block. For masonry, a cement slurry is required, for which one part of the M-400 cement is to be mixed with three parts of sand and water is added.
Video:
The mixture needs to be made of medium density.
The blocks are laid in 3-4 rows, and between the first and second rows it is recommended to lay reinforcing mesh, which will make the foundation more durable.
After completing the stacking of blocks, you can immediately move to the construction of walls from logs or blocks.
It's easy to make a ribbon foundation for a bath with your own hands, but you need to perform all the steps correctly in order to make the structure strong and durable.
More detailed technology for pouring the ribbon foundation for a bath from a log or blocks can be viewed on video.
