Principle of operation of
submersible pumps The operation of centrifugal pumps used for wells proceeds according to this scheme: the rotation of the wheel contributes to the generation of kinetic energy that falls on the blades.
The centrifugal force moves the fluid in the vicinity of the wheel to the body of the device, and new water flows under a certain pressure instead of it.
Continuous rotation of the wheel and facilitates the transition of liquid, which before pushing into the hole is pressed against the wall. In the pump, the inlet pressure becomes lower, and the wheel on the contrary - comes to high values. The advantage of this type of equipment is in the continuous supply of liquid.
Types of submersible pumps
Submersible pumps are divided into many classes. Pumps are classified according to their use, features and basic characteristics. The greatest popularity among pumps is self-priming, as well as normally suction type. Such an apparatus may comprise a plurality of stages or be of a single stage. Due to their properties, self-priming units are able to function in water with a high content of gases.
The most popular varieties of pumps are:
- single-stage horizontal pumps, having the form of a console. Used to work with a variety of fluids that are chemically similar to water;
- horizontal pumps with multiple stages contribute to the creation of high heads in the presence of a small supply of liquid;
- sand. This is a kind of "dredgers", necessary for working with industrial wastewater;
- fecal pumps are necessary for pumping liquids with a huge number of contaminants.
Submersible pumps are also divided into:
- semisubmersible
- submersible.
The first group of equipment is characterized by comfort in service and ease of operation, however, for their installation it is necessary to be extremely attentive and to comply with mandatory requirements. Otherwise, the equipment will not guarantee correct operation. Pumps of semisubmersible type should be mounted on level ground wells.
Another thing submersible pumps. This type of equipment is ready for installation on absolutely any surface, and with the installation there will be no difficulties. Even a layman can correctly install such a device. The only drawback of this pump is the sensitivity of the device to the presence of large particles in the water.
Repair of centrifugal pumps
Modern pumps used for working on wells are high-quality equipment that is designed for long and rather high loads. However, it also happens that the device suddenly ceases to function, thereby violating the entire scheme of water supply to the house. Often it is not known which element allowed the device to turn off. In this connection, the question arises: where does the diagnosis begin?
The first thing to check is whether the motor shaft with the impeller rotates freely. This element sticks when foreign objects hit it. If these items are not found on time, the stator winding of the electric asynchronous motor will necessarily burn.
If the shaft is all right, we collect the lower part of the engine, but we dismantle the upper part of it by putting the pump vertically. This position will save you from leaking oil. Remove the cover by unscrewing the bolts. The starting capacitor, as well as a bundle of wires, comes into view. We give a diagram to help.
We take a multimeter in hands and with its help we make measurements of resistance on windings of the electric engine. The starting winding should have a resistance equal to 35-40 Ohm, and a working winding - 10-15 Ohm. With resistance equal to infinity, it is possible to diagnose such a breakage as a winding break. Too little resistance means that an interturn internal closure occurred in the windings.
If you can not figure out how to repair a submersible pump, it's best to ask for professional help.
