"Strength" of a cottage made of round timber. .. in the "root"
Due to the ease of the wooden structure, many self-delicacies are quite lightly referring to the preparatory part of the work of the zero cycle. In fact, one can not expect that everyone is lucky, and a house made of rounded timber will require a simple columnar base for its support. It all depends on the "nature" of the soil on your site.
Construction of houses made of rounded logs has a significant drawback - the whole building box "rages" for a year until it finally settles down and becomes suitable for finishing( inserting windows, doors, etc.).Slight distortions in the construction of the structure( permissible norm ≈12%) are easily corrected during re-logging of the log. But if simultaneously with the ground "storm" begins to play naughty foundation, then the construction is seriously threatened, up to its partial destruction.
To avoid them, before the construction, it is necessary to perform survey work on the site, which will give clear answers to two important questions:
- What is the composition of the soil on the construction site?
- How deep is groundwater in the ground, and is there a difference in their level?
Having estimated these output data, it is possible to determine with confidence the type of the future base for a house from round logs. Remember, only a stable and reliable foundation will help you to survive the difficult period of shrinkage.
Upon completion of the zero cycle work, the builder will have to solve one more problem - to choose the appropriate method of assembling the wooden box of the building.
Method No. 1: Folding chopping "in bowl"
This method is considered to be the most durable and reliable, as it has ultimate stability. Rounded logs in a log are removed at the corners of the building's box by 25-30 cm to the outside, forming a V-shaped "seam" there. For correct joining of the crowns in the workpieces, the cup-shaped recesses of a simple or complex shape are cut out.
The last modification of the felling is preferable, as it provides more dense "contact" of logs. Instead of a simple smooth semi-oval, the mounting cup is equipped with a transverse spike, and the connecting crown is correspondingly a furrow.
There are more complicated variants of laying logs when several studs are cut out in the mounting groove or a trapezoidal shape is made. The purpose of all these tricks is to compact the frame, create the appearance of a whole array of walls and securely hide the inside insulation of the seam.
Now, as for the technique of cutting the "cups".Most often, to save money, they are cut directly on the construction site, ideally - from the manufacturer comes the beam with ready-made mounting grooves. In any case, this type of masonry can be done in two ways:
- bowl up;
- the bowl down.
The principal difference between the two is only one: the latter method is considered more "stress-resistant" to atmospheric disturbances, so the box of the house fastened in this way will last longer than its owner.
For additional fixing of the log, every 1.5 meters( starting 20 cm from the corners), the crowns are joined together by spikes from hardwoods( for example, oak, beech).These are pegs that are about 12 cm long( 5 by 5 mm), which are driven by a sledge hammer into the holes previously made for them. Spikes are not pounded completely, leaving 8 mm for their free "movement" when shrinking.
For the construction of houses from rounded logs, several other techniques are used, which are very similar to the chopping "in the bowl"( "in okhryapka", "in rezh", etc.).But they are not so popular among builders, and, in fact, are included in the method described above.
Method number 2: Laying log house "in the paw"
Unlike the previous method, this type of logging is done without a trace: the logs of the crown are connected at the very tip with a special "paw" lock. At the corners of the house, only the ends of the bars of regular rectangular shape are visible. This is a more complex and problematic method, requiring a carpenter of high qualification, but the useful length of the log walls is more by 50-60 cm than in the case of cutting into the bowl.
The main difficulty of assembling "in the paw" - careful fitting of logs to each other, any slight shift, and walls will be blown in the future, the most thorough caulking will not help. Everything depends on the accuracy of fitting the ends of the logs, so builders use a special template in their work, and the first bar equipped with mounting grooves will become the benchmark for all subsequent workpieces.
Orienting on it, handle all the elements of the masonry, and then perform a trial assembly of the log house to control the quality of the cut grooves. If all is well, then it is possible to perform already a clean house construction from round logs.
"Felling in the paw" is performed in a simple and complex way. It all depends on the type of fastening stud, more often prefer a more reliable joining of the crowns by means of a root spike that pierces the inner corner of the mounting "paw".In the process of assembling a crown insulator with a thickness of at least 5 mm is laid, and after the technological pause, another warming of the log house is performed from the outside and from the inside by the caulking method.