Installation of a chimney sandwich by one's own hands

Perhaps, only electric boilers do not need a chimney installation. All other heat energy generators using solid, liquid or gaseous fuels, without a system for venting combustion products into the atmosphere, can not work. Therefore , considering the issues of organization of independent heating and water heating, a lot of attention of will have and the design of the chimney.

This task now has many solutions, from old traditional schemes in the form of stationary brick pipes to prefabricated structures of metal or composite materials. Each of the variants differs in its degree of complexity, laboriousness, efficiency of work with a specific heating device. One of the modern solutions, which gained wide popularity in both industrial and private construction, are metal sandwich chimneys .And alongside with high operational qualities of such system, one of the significant of its advantages is that it is quite possible to install a chimney sandwich by oneself, without the invitation of expensive specialists. The main thing is to thoroughly understand the principle of its operation, to plan and select correctly, to strictly observe the assembly technology. As for

, has already thought the rest of the manufacturer - the installation is not very complicated and can be performed fast enough.

Main advantages of sandwich chimneys

Metal pipes, as an element of the smoke extraction system , have been used for a very long time. This is due to many reasons.

• First, the circular section in any case is optimal for the passage of gases.
• Secondly, smooth and smooth internal walls do not create obstacles for the passage of smoke and are less susceptible to the formation of sores.
• Third, the installation of a chimney from large parts is much simpler than masonry.

flue gases are characterized by the saturation of chemically aggressive substances, which, against the background of frequent thermal surges, are capable of activating corrosive processes leading to a rapid escape of the chimney, its burn-out. This problem in the defined degree was solved by by developing and introducing resistant stainless steel alloys. However, the use of stainless steel has not eliminated yet several serious drawbacks inherent in metal chimneys:

• High thermal conductivity of the metal results in rapid cooling of the exhaust gases, especially in the chimney sections located outside the building. This entails the reduction in the total thrust - it will be very dependent on external temperature conditions.
• A similar temperature difference causes still one negative phenomenon - active formation of condensate. Excessive moisture on the inner walls of the pipes is a decrease in the efficiency of the chimney, the preconditions for the of its soot overgrowing and activation of corrosion.
• On chilled areas, and especially in the immediate vicinity of the heating device, the outer walls of this chimney are heated to temperatures that can represent a serious threat to and in terms of flammability of building structures and materials, and for personal safety of residentsin the house of people - an accidental touch to them ends with a burn.

developers of sandwich chimneys managed to solve these problems safely.

Schematically its device can be described as follows.

Actually, the chimney channel itself is formed by a pipe( item 1) made of stainless steel using TIG - welding in a protective argon gas atmosphere.

The outer tube is also very often made of stainless steel by a welded method( item 2).You can purchase a more affordable option, when the external case is made of galvanized steel( item 3).On sale it is possible to find models which a cover has applied a decorative enamel covering of this or that color.

The pipes are separated by a layer of high-temperature resistant and non-flammable thermal insulation material( item 4).More often in this is used for this purpose basalt mineral wool of high density( about 200 kg / m³).The thickness of this layer can be different, from 25 to 100 mm - the selection of is carried out by based on specific operating conditions.

All chimney elements have a special coupling system( key 5).Usually, this is a set of flares and narrowed sections, ensuring a tight and strong fit of the parts. For greater reliability the connection of the nodes is strengthened by clamps( item 6).Individual parts of some models of sandwich chimneys may have another connection principle, for example, using flanges.

This device reliably protects the chimney from external temperature influence. This determines the main advantages of such sandwich chimneys :

• It was possible to reduce the formation of condensate to an allowable minimum.
• For account the relative evenness of the temperature inside the channel on the all its length, the indicators of the necessary steady traction increase significantly.
• The outer jacket tube does not heat up to significant temperatures and does not represent the as a serious hazard.
• This type of chimney can easily be located outside the building - it facilitates and speeds up installation, saves space inside residential or technical premises.
• When the chimney passes through walls, ceilings or roofing, the holes cut by the need significantly smaller dimensions than with conventional single-walled pipes. In addition, it is possible to purchase and install special pass-through modules.

Of course, such a chimney will cost a little more than usual, and its installation is a bit more complicated, but all this by the hundredfold pays off with its other advantages.

How to choose a sandwich-fume d At home

To ensure that the chimney worked efficiently and was durable, and the owners of the did not experience disappointment after a few years of operation, it is very important to approach the problem of choosing the required set of parts very responsibly. The entire selection procedure can be divided into several main areas: quality control of material and execution of parts, determination of the optimal installation scheme and, finally, selection of the necessary nodes for the of its practical execution.

Materials used for sandwich chimneys

At first glance, all sandwich chimneys look the same. However, it should be remembered that the production of such systems is quite a profitable business area due to high demand, and this is inevitable entails appearance on the market of a large number of low-quality products. Acquire such products only by their external metallic brilliance - this is the height of recklessness. Increased attention should be paid to the quality of steel, and in particular - applied for the internal chimney channel.

On the Internet you can find quite a few photo-certificates , that, it would seem, a solid steel structure burns through, deformed, and is a huge probability of fire or carbon monoxide poisoning. The conclusion is the following: low-grade steel was used for the inner pipe, or else with , the did not meet the specific performance characteristics of the heating unit.

1. So, what you need to know about stainless steel stamps used to make sandwich chimneys .

• Stainless steel brand AISI 430 is among the most inexpensive. It is good for external casings sandwich-pipes , because atmospheric exposure can not cause harm to it. But for internal channels, its is better not to use - it's obviously not enough. In addition, there are certain difficulties with the implementation of quality welds.
• AISI 439 differs from 430 by including in the alloy titanium additives. This increases the of its corrosion resistance and mechanical strength. Such pipes are suitable for gas and solid-fuel furnaces and boilers of low power.
• Stainless steel AISI 316 includes alloying additives - molybdenum and nickel, that gives as a result of high anti-corrosion protection even to with highly aggressive acid media and good heat resistance. Such pipes will be the best choice for gas boilers of any power.
• The AISI 304 is similar in many respects to the 316, but has fewer doping components. This predetermines its lower price, but the quality, of course, is not so high.
• AISI 316 i and AISI 321 stainless steel are the most versatile. Along with excellent corrosion resistance, they have excellent ductility and are able to easily withstand heating to high temperatures - about 850 degrees.
• The most expensive, but also the most high-quality alloy used for manufacturing chimneys, is the ASI 310S stainless steel. The limit of its thermal resistance achieves the 1000 degrees, therefore its can be safely applied in the chimneys of solid pyrolysis boilers of high power.

If a really good sandwich chimney system is purchased, then the of its technical documentation must be marked with the grades of the used steels. If there is none, and the products themselves are not marked, the purchase will involve the with a certain risk - it is quite possible to run into a substandard counterfeit. There is still and "folk" way of checking stainless steel - it, with alloying additives, does not hold the magnet, it slips over its surface. If the magnet is attracted and fixed on a vertical surface, then it is not worth buying such a "stainless steel".

What should be the diameter of for of the morning pipe? This depends on the characteristics of the heating system, furnace or boiler. There is a system calculating the cross-sectional area, depending on the thermal power of the device. In order not to go into the complexity of formulas, can lead averaged values:

thermal power boiler or furnace	Minimum chimney section		cross-sectional area based on the pipe -
diameter of up to 3.5 kW	140 mm × 140 mm ²	19600	158 mm
from 3.5 to 5.2 kW	140 × 200 mm	28000 mm²	189 mm
from 5.2 to 7 kW	140 × 270 mm	37800 mm²

220 mm These values ​​are minimum and roundedin the big party. But in any case , the section of the chimney in any section can not be less than the cross-section of the outlet pipe of the boiler or furnace.

2. The next important parameter is the appearance and thickness of the thermal insulation layer. When selecting advantage should be given to products known brands, e.g., PAROC ROB 80 t or 30 or MAT ROCKWOOL WIRED MAT 80. This - basalt wool , absolutely nonflammable , with a high coefficient of thermal resistance.

The required thickness of the heater depends on the type of heating installation( boiler or furnace) and the average temperature of the exhausted combustion products. Approximate values ​​are given in the table:

type of furnace or boiler	average temperature of exhausted combustion products	thickness of insulation sandwich pipes
Gas condensing boilers	60	25 mm
Gas boilers	110 - 180	25 mm
Diesel boilers	150 - 250	25 mm
Gas-piston and diesel-generator sets	450 - 600	50 mm
Solid fuel boilers	400 - 700	from 50 to 100 mm
Wood furnaces and fireplaces	300 - 600	from 50 to 100 mm

Installation diagrams sandwich-chimney

Selecting placement chimney usually considered two major schemes: installing inner with passages through ceilings and roofs and external, with a passage through the wall and mounting on the outside of the building wall.

• With the internal location of the chimney, it is less affected by external influences, practically is reduced to zero formation of condensate. This option is suitable, for example, for a sauna oven, since it is possible to install the on the pipe section( before inserting it into the sandwich construction) the water heating tank, as shown in the figure or the mesh section for stove installation.

In any case, , between the boiler( furnace) and the sandwich-chimney, an intermediate section should be installed, without a thermal insulation layer. Usually it is provided with a damper( gate) for the possibility of regulating the heat transported to the chimney, which is especially important for bath ovens.

The main drawbacks of such a scheme are 's labor-intensive and complicated technological processes of pipe penetration through overlaps and in particular - through the roof. In addition, such a chimney "eats" the space of premises.

• With external installation of the chimney along the outer wall, the installation work is much simplified - only one passage through the wall is required. Elements are attached with support pads and brackets. In the room, the is left with more space, minimizing the risks of accidental ignition or carbon monoxide poisoning.

Disadvantage - the pipes are more susceptible to aggressive external influences, the formation of condensate becomes much larger, which should be taken into account during installation. In addition, not all can like the appearance of the building with a pipe on the wall.

Required parts for mounting sandwich chimney

With , when the chimney is acquired, after the circuit has been selected, it is necessary for the design of the project to determine the necessary detail for mounting. In principle, there must come to the aid of a specialist heating engineer or, in case of emergency , a salon-shop consultant, but it is necessary to understand this issue yourself.

Practically all the leading manufacturers sandwich chimneys produce all the necessary parts and assemblies for the assembly of a complete system. Perhaps there are some technological differences between models of different brands, but in general the detail is similar and looks like this:

• 1 - transition element nt for and connection to the boiler or furnace nozzle.
• 2 - elbow( knee) for 90 ° .
• 3 - for transition from horizontal to vertical section. Given that the horizontal section is recommended to give a slight bias towards from the opistor to ensure the flow of condensate, this t t rojn at many manufacturers has not a right angle, but 87 ° .
• 4 - element with a hole, closed hermetically sealed cover for inspection and cleaning of the chimney.
• 5 and 6 - support platforms for a revision unit with cranes for the release of accumulated condensate. Can be in two versions - with the wall mount the pin is made down( 5), with the bottom placement - with the side tap( 6).
• Tee with outlet 45 ° ( 7) is used if two heaters can be connected to one vertical section of the chimney, for example, boiler and gas column.
• Taps for angle 45 ° ( 8) are used to change the direction of the chimney, for example, to bypass the roof slope.
• In places where there is a transition from sandwich construction to single-walled pipe, the thermal insulation layer is covered with a special plug - it will not allow penetration of moisture into it.
• All pipe connections between each other and with the outlets are further strengthened with clamps( 10), which can have a bolt-on or special lock.
• The pipes are fixed to the wall at a certain distance using brackets( 11).They can be integral or adjustable in different models in different models.
• sandwich chimney main components are , , 5 m ( 12) or pipes 1 m ( 19).
• 13 - wall brackets for placing a landing pad with a revision at the bottom of the chimney, and an unloading platform with a passage fitting( 14), which is installed closer to the roof and serves for optimal distribution of the total weight of the structure.
• A special element - cone crane ( 16 and 17) is used to pass the pipe through the roofing. It can be executed at different angles and is selected depending on the steepness of the roof slope( 0 ° 15 °, 15 ° 30 °, 30 ° ± 45 °).From above, to prevent leakage, it closes along the edge of the with the - a metal apron( 18).
• Top of the chimney ends with a cone( 20), which, depending on the design, can install a conventional fungus( 21), a thermo fuse( 23), vane ( 22), deflector( 24). In case the roof is made of combustible material, and boiler for solid fuel is used as a heating installation, a spark arrester( 25) is mandatory.

With more should be taken into account when pre-designing the system:

• The total height of the chimney in any of the variants can not be less than 5 meters.
• The length of the horizontal section should not exceed 1 meter. At the same time, as already mentioned, it is executed from slopes of 3 °, so as to ensure a drain of condensate in the direction of from the of the op- erative unit.
• The distance of the external surface of the sandwich-pipe from the building wall is determined by the manufacturer of the system - the brackets are made with the required clearance. In the case of adjustable brackets, they are oriented at a distance of at least 250 mm.
• The distance between adjacent brackets on vertical pipe sections should not exceed 2 m , on horizontal or inclined - no more than a meter.
• Special attention is paid to the height of the chimney above the roof:

- So, with remoteness of the pipe from the ridge to a distance of 1, 5 m it must rise above it at least 0, 5 m .With remoteness in the range from 1.5 to 3 m the upper section of the chimney coincides with the height of the ridge. For large distances, the head should be placed on a conditional line drawn from the top of the ridge at an angle of 10 ° to the horizon.

- If the roof is flat, then the height of the pipe above it is at least 0.5 m, and if the roof is made of fire-hazardous materials - 1.2 m

- . In case the on the roof of the has any vertical attachments, or it adjoins to some building, the level of the pipe should always be higher than these structures.

• is required. In the case where the , regardless of the steepness of the ramp and of the distance from the pipe from the ridge, the height of the upper section of the pipe exceeds 1.2 meters, necessarily on mounts special clamps to which metal extensions are attached.
• The number of bends and turns of the pipe should be minimized. The allowed number is not more than of three .

How sandwich tubing

is assembled sandwich chimney mounting always starts to drive from the opifier.

• First of all, an adapter is used on the branch pipe of the boiler or furnace, which is first impregnated with a heat-resistant sealant( withstanding the temperature from 1000 to 1500 degrees) and clamped with a metal collar.

• If the chimney leaves vertically( for example in a sauna oven), then the is required to install one single-walled pipe on which the can accommodate a water heating tank or mesh heater. It is impossible to install a sandwich immediately, because the layer of thermal insulation from a strong overheating very soon will rush the to the state of the stone, cease to fulfill its function, and this section of the chimney will fail.

If the chimney is installed on the heating boiler with , the is connected to the street, then after the adapter branch a horizontal section is mounted, which should come out. The length of this section, of the has already been said, no more than a meter, and it needs to give a slight slope outwards. The remaining open layer thermal insulator must be closed with a special plug.

• For the passage through the wall, an aperture with calculation of is punched in it, so that there is a gap between the pipe and the wall material. If the wall is made of hot material, then the gap should be at least 200 mm. Usually a square opening 400 × 400 mm is made. From the inside, its walls are lined with with the minerite ( basalt cardboard). The is then inserted by the factory or self-made walk-through unit.

Through it, a sandwich tube is installed and connected to the boiler. The space of the pass-through block is densely filled with basalt with mined .Outside, this assembly is closed with a metal plate or the supplied decorative rosette. The remaining slots can be filled with sealant.

Some manufacturers provide special passage blocks with an already filled thermal insulation layer. The choice of a particular model will depend on the material and thickness of the wall or overlap.

If the walls are made of non-combustible material, it is possible to place the sleeve from the asbestos-cement pipe for passage, and the sandwich element inserted into is fixed centrally with mineral wool packing and also covered with decorative metal plates on both sides.

• At the exit to the of the external , the support brackets are placed on the side of the wall, onto which the plate lies. It will serve as the main support of the vertical part of the chimney. Structurally, it can immediately include a revision unit with an outlet valve for condensate.
• After the pipe is pulled outward, the vertical part is assembled. And here you need to understand the intricacies of installing pipes "by smoke" and "by condensate".

- If the upper section of the pipe is worn with a wider bell on the lower one, this is called the "smoke" connection. - , the upward gases do not have an fault. For free outputout. However, in this case the is inevitably left a small gap, directed upward( in the diagram is shown by a red arrow), where the falling drops of condensate will fall. This is the most negative effect on the work of the chimney - the warming term will soon dampen and cease to cope with the task of insulating the internal channel. And this, in turn, means more larger condensate formation of , reduction of thrust of and, as consequence, reduction of boiler efficiency.

- In the case of mounting "condensate" moisture droplets freely flow along the surface downwards, in the condensate receiver .And in order to prevent the exit of exhaust gases, the outer pipe of the sandwich construction must be mounted "by smoke"( blue arrow on the diagram).In addition, at this point a sealant layer is applied and the clamp is tightened, so that the is a reliable obturation from the smoke outlet through the sandwich tub is provided. A small amount of gases that can penetrate the layer of insulation, will contribute to its ventilation.

Therefore, during installation follow the rules: on the first, horizontal section to the tee installation is carried out "through the smoke."On all the rest of the sandwich chimney the inner pipe is installed "on the condensate", and the outer one - "by smoke" with the use of sealant and tightening the knot tightly.

• It is practically impossible to install both an external and internal pipe of a sandwich chimney .Usually act this way. The inner pipe is pulled out a little by the narrowed end( on 150 - 200 mm) and tightly, until it is inserted into the socket of the element already installed below. Then, the narrowed part of the outer pipe , located from the bottom, is greased with the sealant and the remaining thermal insulation block and of the outer pipe is shifted downwards, to the maximum tight connection. A clamp is put on, and a tightening is made in the area of ​​the skirt of the upper tube( as shown in the diagram).

• section. Installation continues in the same order from bottom to top .Through the certain gaps to the wall are fastened to the brackets with clamps that fixes the tt to the shaft in the vertical or inclined position of the at the desired distance from the building surface.
• If the design is produced by the of the heavy , an unloading bracket with an appropriate plate, equipped with coupling element, is provided for the continuation of the installation above.
• The installation ends with the installation of the cone and the desired headroom.

• If necessary, a special clamp with three eyelets is attached to the pipe to attach the stretch marks. Stretches are attached from the opposite side to fixed parts of the roof or building.

Video: master class for installing sandwich chimney outside at home

Special features of mounting with internal arrangement chimney

When installing sandwich chimney inside the room there are nuances of its passage through the ceiling and roofing.

• First of all, still once it can be noted that after the site with single-walled pipe, at the entrance of the boiler, an element with a gate-gate is installed, so that the heat does not go away immediately vertically into the atmosphere.

• At the transition to the sandwich, a start plug must always be installed, which will close the protruding edge of the thermal insulation layer.

• The pipe pass through the floor in general terms corresponds to the already described passage through the wall of combustible materials.

ceiling. An pass-through node( box-shaped or cylindrical) is attached to the ceiling, which must be tightly filled with thermal insulation material - mined , or in this case is allowed to clay.

. The top end of the passage is then closed with a metal plate.

As already mentioned, some manufacturers provide special pass-through modules in the system detailing, which is a kind of " sandwich in the sandwich ".Work with such elements is still easier for - for them is cut opening of the desired shape and size, the unit is installed in it, and then a sandwich-pipe is passed through the hole.

• When designing the flue system, the location of the ceiling beams and roof rafters must be taken into account - the pipe should pass approximately in the middle between adjacent elements. If necessary, sometimes it is necessary to change the direction of the chimney somewhat, using the for this bends at 45 °.It is prohibited to use rectangular bends for this purpose.

• Completely eliminates the jointing of pipes in the thickness of the ceiling or at the roof level. It is necessary to observe the distance from the joint to the level of overlap or the roof of at least 250 - 300 mm.

• When the pipe passes through the roof, first cut aperture , usually rectangular.

• Then through this window the next section of the chimney is carried out.
• It is necessary to provide the exact positioning of the pipe to the center of the of this opening. This can be done using a metal sheet with a cut out elliptical hole, reinforced from the back of the roof, or even simply fixing the chimney with metal profiles.

• Then a special roofing module is put on the pipe - the cone , which has an angle corresponding to the steepness of the roof slope. It is attached to the roofing deck, and the is closed on top with , which is fixed with a clamp or a locking screw.

• The upper edge of the , metal support plate , if possible , is injected under the roofing material. If this is not possible, then a thorough seal with a sealant is performed.

The elastic is very convenient in operation( they are often called "Master Flash" ).They can be used for almost any slope of the ramp, must be mounted including on the relief roofing of the roof( slate, corrugated board and , .) The hole in the conical part is cut with a slightly smaller diameter than the pipe passing through it, so that the was provided with the maximum compaction. The support part "Master Flash" can be given the required shape, and then, after the lower surface is smeared with a layer of sealant, this assembly is attached to the roof by screws.

The final stage has no special features - the same installation of the head with the necessary elements.

Video: installation sandwich-chimney with penetration through the overlap and roof

So, to perform an independent installation of the sandwich of the chimney, at first glance, is not so difficult. However, this event requires stable skills, increased accuracy, caution, especially when working at height. There are no trifles in this matter, because an incorrectly assembled system can cause a fire or other small and big troubles.