Electric heating of a private house

When choosing a heating system for your own house , the owners of , of course, first of all are considering the possibility of installing a gas boiler, since this kind of heating is by far the most economical. But the problem is that the gas supply lines stretched still far from to of all inhabited points, or it happens that the gas supply to the house is prohibitive for financial possibilities and due to the mass of preparatory and reconciliation procedures. Heating on the solid or liquid fuel is not always convenient - it requires special skill to handle furnaces or boilers, compliance with increased fire safety requirements, construction of flue gas system according to all the rules to exclude the poisoning by combustion products. And, in addition, in some regions of our country that are not rich in forests, the supply of firewood or with coal can represent the certain problem.

In this case, the most relevant is the electric heating of a private house.

For sure , many immediately have associations with oil-based electric radiators or reflectors that do not differ either in particular efficiency or efficiency. Of course, with this approach, with the current prices for electricity, heating will cost a lot of money. However, not all so unambiguously. There are a lot of ways to apply electricity for heating homes, and some of them can compete with gas systems.

The publication will consider the existing possibilities for organizing the electrical heating of a private house . Read, draw conclusions, so that you can accept decision in favor of this or that option.

Electric heating "old-fashioned"

Literally a few words about those electric heaters that are known to to all , probably from childhood:

• Heating reflectors, usually with one or more spirals, placed by in glass quartz transparent tubes. Such devices create a directional flow of thermal energy, but are only capable of heating or very small rooms, or a very limited part of the room. At the same time, they are not economical to name them - they are usually not provided with any automatic adjustments, except for a change in the set level of heating of the spiral.

• Heat fans - drive the air flow through the heat exchanger( most often in this capacity is the open nichrome spiral).A heated air flow can raise comfort only on the defined by the site and for a very short time. What can be very good for a small office, in the conditions of a residential suburban house will not give an effect. In addition, the long operation of such a device is quite strong, it dries air indoors. Some modern models operate on the principle of air admixture from outside, but all is equal, it is impossible to consider such devices as heating of housing.

• Oil radiators are heavy heaters with a pronounced ribbed shape, similar to classic cast iron batteries. They can be mobile( many even have wheeled ho for to facilitate their movement around the room), or installed permanently.

These radiators are capable of heating up to very high temperatures and give energy in the form of direct thermal radiation and the creation of convection currents. The ribbed shape significantly increases the area of ​​active heat transfer.

Oil coolers usually have a step-by-step or smooth adjustment of the heating medium heating temperature, they have good thermal inertness - even after shutdown, warm can remain for a rather long time. However, they are not very economical, and similar devices are usually used as additional heating, in order to help the main, when this becomes necessary. Build the entire heating system, relying on oil coolers will simply be unprofitable.

Water heating system with electric boiler

For the organization of water heating system for a country house is very detailed in the relevant publication of our portal.

The main feature of such a system in the conditions considered in this article is that the heat transfer liquid receives heating only from the electric boiler. This causes several -specific parameters:

• Such a system should be calculated solely for compulsory circulation of . The reason is simple - the device of the loop for natural circulation will cause the to significant losses of power, heat transfer rate, uneven heating of the premises, and in the end - all this will necessarily affect the unnecessary expense of expensive electricity. The consumption of the same pump as compared to these losses is not comes .
• For the same reason - in order to avoid completely unnecessary losses, systems with electric boilers are never made in an open type, that is, an expansion diaphragm tank with an appropriate safety group is required.

Now - more about the types of heating electric boilers.

Boilers with heaters

These installations use the usual principle of resistive heating of a metal conductor when passing an electric current( a direct analogy with electric hot plates, irons, incandescent lamps and , etc. .) However, given that the heating elements are in contact with the liquidcoolant, they are clad in with reliable insulation and a waterproof enclosure. All this, certainly affects the rather large energy losses, not enough high efficiency of similar devices( usually - around 80%).To ensure proper heating of the constantly circulating coolant, one must either sharply increase the power of the TEN , or increase their number, which reduces the overall economy of the heating system.

The layout of the boilers is different - from the usual rectangular shapes with controls on the front panel to the cylinders with heaters located inside the "bundles" and with the control unit removed in a separate box.

are assembled in this cylinder. Designers constantly improve their products, equipping them with automation that maintains the required level of heating, step by step including heating elements as needed, breaking the power supply when the required temperature is reached. But still such boilers are among the most uneconomical, and their installation as the main heat generator will not be justified even by the low price of such devices.

Boilers of electrode principle of action

Of all electric boilers, these are probably the most ambiguous ones. In , their time was presented as a practically non-alternative option in terms of performance and economy. However, the soon followed up to 's criticism of their work.

The principle of their work is quite different. The heat carrier - is not a simple water, but is brought to the state of electrolyte - a conductive liquid. The frequency variations of the variable network( 50 Hz) cause the corresponding oscillations of the electrolyte ions that the gives the a quick warm-up.

Advantages of such boilers in the following:

• They are small in size and do not differ in mass, at a sufficiently high heating capacity.

This allows, for example, to combine their use by installing unique "batteries" from several small boilers that can be incorporated into the system as needed.

• Such boilers are completely insensitive to the mains voltage jumps in sufficiently large ranges( ± 15 ÷ 20 % ).For their operation, the stability of the frequency of alternating current is of greater importance.
• They have fast heating and good economy( according to the manufacturer - 20 % is more economical than TEN-boilers), while their cost is low. The claimed efficiency of such a device is up to 98%.
• If the boiler is tied with metal pipes, this expands the ionization zone of the coolant and gives the a tangible increase in system performance.
• In terms of fire safety - this boiler in principle can not overheat, if suddenly there is no coolant in the pipes - it simply will not turn on.

can be included in the general system. However, many criticisms can be heard about such boilers:

• Specific requirements for the cleanliness and of the chemical composition of the heat-transfer fluid are specified for . CB case non-compliance with such requirements all the advantages of the boiler are simply lost.
• Power instability is one of the characteristic black t t such equipment. The heating intensity is very dependent on the and on the chemical composition, and of the electrolyte temperature, since with its changes in any direction and the electrical conductivity parameters.
• A similar system is very difficult lends itself to regulation and automation of the heating process.
• Regular cleaning of the entire heating system is required, as it will tend to salt overgrowth of the cavities of the pipes.
• At least once a year, the boiler's heat exchanger must be cleaned and the chemical composition of the coolant must be corrected.
• Installation and operation of such equipment is not possible if the electrical network of the house is not equipped with the with a reliable ground loop.

Boilers for inductive action

These boilers are often considered the most advanced of all electric. The principle of their action is strikingly different from those described above. To understand it, you can remember the school course of physics, and specifically - the work of an electric transformer.

If you do not go into details, then in brief it looks like this. If an alternating current passes through one conductor( primary winding), then in the other, located in the formed electromagnetic field( secondary winding), is induced by the voltage. When the secondary circuit is closed, an alternating current also starts flowing through it, which causes resistive heating of the conductor.

• It is this principle np that is used in induction boilers such as SAV .

The coil of the primary winding, which does not come into contact with the liquid, is hermetically sealed in the body. But in the role of secondary closed winding is an internal labyrinth system of pipes, through which the coolant is pumped. Heating occurs very quickly and evenly, there is no energy loss, so the efficiency of such boilers is close to 100%.

Boiler economics increases even and physical principle of self-inductance - currents passing through the closed secondary circuit generate so-called reactive additional power, with its values ​​are very significant.

Boilers of this type are usually massive metal cylinders of various diameters and heights. So, the smallest boiler in this " line- SAV -2.5, has a diameter of 120 mm, a height of 450, and at the same time weighs 23 kg. Its capacity( 2.5 kW) will be sufficient for heating the room up to 30 m².

Installation of such a device is not difficult, as there are threaded connections for its insertion into the system, control unit for connection to the mains.

• The induction toms VIH ( vortex induction heaters) are differently arranged and operate.

The mains supply voltage is pre-converted to a high-frequency one, which gives the a fast rise in the of the of the electromagnetic field and, correspondingly, the strength of the currents generated by it. But here there is no secondary winding in this circuit - its role is fulfilled by all metal surfaces of the boiler, which are made of alloys having -expressed ferromagnetic properties. induced surface eddy Foucault currents cause the effect, which is always accompanied by an almost instantaneous and very strong heating of ferromagnetic materials. It turns out that that participates practically all the massive parts of the device in heat transfer, that stipulates its highest efficiency( efficiency - 99%).

Boilers VIH is quite : the smallest of them, with a power of 3 kW, weighs 30 kg with a relatively small size - with a cylinder diameter of 122 mm and a height of 620 mm. This "kid" will cope with heating 40 m².If desired, you can buy a more powerful device( the product line is sufficiently wide) or install a "battery" of several VIN-boilers, which will give additional advantages in the operation of the heating system.

VIN Summing up the boilers of the induction principle - in brief about their main advantages:

• In such heaters there is no formation of scale or salt deposits - work is accompanied by high-frequency microvibrations, which do not allow deposits to settle on the walls. To the PD, the drive on the fly even very long operation does not decrease.
• Any liquid can be used as the heat carrier - there are no special requirements for its chemical composition.
• There are practically no vulnerable components in the design of boilers - there is no contact of the coolant with the electrical part. In them there is simply nothing to break and their service life is limited only by the state of welded joints, and this amounts to tens of years.
• Heating takes place very quickly, and electronic control units allow you to easily make precise adjustments to the heating system. However, , induction boilers - the most "safe" in terms of fire and electrical safety.
• AND calculations , and the results of practical application show the economy of electricity using such boilers up to 35 ÷ 40%, when compared with cats of similar capacity working in a different way( electrode or TEN).

From the shortcomings can be noted the following:

• Some hosts complain about lightweight vibration noise when they work.
• Boilers are very heavy , require special attention when installing on walls.
• The equipment is quite expensive - even the smallest induction boilers cost about 30 thousand rubles. However, this should quickly pay off with the economy of electricity consumption.

To finish the topic with a water cooling system from an electric boiler - the still one important note. Whatever unit stood for, it's possible to talk about profitability only if there is a good thermal insulation in the house and modern radiators with own thermostats are installed. The old cast-iron batteries in this situation simply ruin the owner.

Video: how to choose an electric heating boiler

Electric convectors

The organization of a water heating system is always a large-scale work on laying pipelines , inserting the batteries, installing circulating pumps, special safety devices and much more. And can you do without all this if you plan to heat the house using electricity? Yes, such problems will help to avoid the installation of electric convectors.

Outwardly, these devices most often resemble the usual radiators of heating - they are installed vertically on the walls or under window openings of .Inside are closed TANS , which do not cause the effect of "drying out" of the air. The layout of the device is calculated in such a way that cold air penetrates into it from below through the trellised bottom, receives heat from the TANS and, leaving the upper lattice , the creates the stable convection ascending flow.

Convectors are always equipped with built-in thermostats, which keep the temperature in the room and turn off the heating when reaching the user-specified values. This ensures a sufficiently high efficiency of such a heating system.

Using the convectors gives the a number of advantages:

• There is no need to install complex pipe routing, with all its risk of percolation, freezing and .With the installation of such a heating system the owner of the house will cope with it himself.
• There is no need to equip a separate room under the boiler room.
• Converters can be installed in any room in the right amount( the main thing is that the line is reliable line power supply corresponding power).
• Special models for wet rooms are available - they can be installed in bathrooms or home saunas( protection class - IP -24).Conventors IP -21 are suitable for ordinary residential premises.
• The instruments are extremely simple to operate - you only need to set the desired temperature on the scale or the display panel. All the rest will be taken by automatics. If necessary, you can turn off the heating in certain rooms, if they are not currently used.
• Safety devices are also their distinguishing feature. They never have any open heating elements, and the heating of the in the of the outer panel is negligible, and can not be burned on the by the , which is especially important if the house is occupied by children.
• The variety of models and their design should satisfy the most demanding taste of owners .Such convectors perfectly fit into any interior, sometimes even introducing special details into it.
• The operation of the - convectors is absolutely noiseless.

Convectors can be executed in a portable or mobile version, that is, it is possible to create temporary comfort zones if necessary.

There are other original solutions. One of them is the installation of special convectors in the thickness of the floor, for example, re- for with verices or wide windows. The heated air rises through a special decorative grille and creates the an effective thermal curtain against the penetration of external cold.

Convectors can have a mechanical thermostat, but some modern models are equipped with an electronics unit that allows you to program the operation of the device. So, it is possible to set the time at to lower the heating temperature - when there are no houses in the house, but with the expectation that the convector will reach the required power for the arrival of the owners and a comfortable atmosphere of .

Undoubtedly, such heating will become effective only with very high quality thermal insulation at home, otherwise expensive energy will be wasted. However, this is more a problem of the building itself, and the does not have the lack of convectors.

Video: device and installation of electric heating convector

Electric " warm floors"

Another is one way to organize a heating system for a private house from electricity - to mount " warm floors".They are issued several varieties of such systems.

• Heating cables are most often installed in the screed thickness, which makes the a powerful thermal energy storage. Cables can also differ - be single-core or two-wire , work according to the usual resistive principle(heating the conductor while passing an electric current) , or have a semiconductor matrix and, in connection with this effect, the self-regulation of heating on each separately takenth section.

on mesh heating mats

• Heating mats are more convenient during installation. This is also a heating cable, but only reinforced on a fiberglass mesh base. The advantage of such mats is that they may not require a screed - for example, ceramic tiles can be laid directly on them, slightly increasing the thickness of the adhesive layer.

• Another one type of heating electric mats - rod. The two conductors are connected by parallel jumpers-rods , having a special structure and working on the principle of self-regulation of heating. Convenience of this kind is that the failure of any of their elements does not result in the inoperability of the entire system as a whole. On such mats, you can also immediately lay ceramic tiles. As a shortcoming, it can be noted that there is a very high price for such heaters.

Regardless of the design, all electrical " warm floors" are equipped with a temperature sensor, which is installed in the thickness of the floor, and a blog of the thermostat. Heating is carried out to a certain temperature, which is exhibited by the owner of the house, and further on the power will be turned on and off automatically to maintain this mode.

« Warm floors» are able to create a comfortable environment in the room with uniform heating of the entire volume of the room from the floor surface. However, this approach is not particularly economical, and can hardly be considered as a complete alternative to other heating systems. Most often they are used in addition to the main sources of heat, to create zones of increased comfort.

Infrared heating systems

A modern solution to the problem of electric heating of a private house will be infrared heaters.

In such devices and devices, the principle of wave energy transfer over a distance is used - a simplified analogy with sunlight can be made. Specially selected materials emitters allow you to convert electrical energy into a beam, in the long-wave infrared range, invisible to human sight. By themselves, the radiators heat slightly, and the infrared waves of the do not meet the air resistance, but, getting on the opaque surface, are converted into thermal energy. Thus, there is heating not of air in the room, but of all surfaces and objects that are in the path of propagation of the rays. But these surfaces already, in turn, conduct heat exchange with the surrounding air. There is an even heating, which starts very quickly after the power is turned on. This ensures an optimal temperature distribution, in contrast to convective systems.

No significant energy loss occurs that the gives the a high efficiency of such systems and their high efficiency.

Such heaters can be executed in a suspended ceiling version, very reminiscent of conventional daylight lamps. They are placed above the with , where the most intensive heating is required. They can also be portable, allowing you to direct the energy flow to the time in the as needed by the direction.

But the most convenient to date are, probably, PLED - film radiant electric heaters. They are manufactured in the form of strong film bands of various widths and lengths. Between the layers of transparent heat-resistant plastic, the emitters themselves( usually a special carbon paste or bimetallic foil plates), connected by with conductive copper busbars, are placed.

Thickness film is very small - no more than 0.4 mm. It is very simply mounted in the right place - on the ceilings, walls, roof slopes of the attic and , ., And can , , if desired, hosts, be closed with finishing materials that do not reduce the heating efficiency significantlypremises.

The film is heated to a temperature not exceeding 45 ÷ 50 ºС, and can not cause burns or lead to a fire hazard situation. It is excellent for systems of warm floor without the use of a screed - its can be placed under a laminate, linoleum, parquet. In order to simplify the task, some owners simply cover such films with carpeting - for example, you can very quickly equip the with a warm for children's games.

PLEN is not afraid of dynamic loads, moisture penetration. Such heaters are easy to dismantle and transfer to another place - the main thing is not to damage the integrity of the film coating. Energy costs for such electrical heating are considered to be the lowest of all existing types. Especially convenient is a system for houses where owners come periodically, for example, on weekends - it is only to turn on the power, and immediately begins intensive heating of the necessary premises or areas. In addition, many medical specialists assure the special usefulness of such heaters, since they, in the way necessary for human health, ionize the air and even eliminate unpleasant odors.

Video: advantages of the PLED heating system

So, the basic possibilities for organizing the electric heating of a private house were considered. There are many advantages to this type of heating: absolute environmental friendliness, simplicity and accuracy in management, and no need to create fuel reserves. Nevertheless, , it is not necessary to expect too high economical effect - electricity costs not cheap .That is why the requirements for the insulation of all building elements in this case should be increased.