Shed roof with own hands

The one-piece roof is not often used for roofing of private houses, although the design itself, and its installation is much simpler than the gable. It is believed that this type of roof does not keep warm enough in the house, therefore , it is often used when erecting garages or country houses and sheds. However, it should be noted that this design can easily be made warm and even arrange under it an additional room, if properly mount the thermal insulation.

Single roof with its own hands is made according to pre-compiled drawings based on calculations .This is especially important in cases where it is planned to make a living space under it.

Main advantages and disadvantages designs

The advantages of this design can be attributed to the following:

• Saving money on the purchase of building materials.
• Simplicity of design, and means , and mounting.
• A small weight, compared with the two-slope option - the walls are loaded with a lower load.
• High resistance to wind and load from accumulated snow on the roof.
• The construction can be erected in different angular range - from 5 to 45º.
• The one-level roof made at a small angle allows you to install hot water tank or solar panels on it, as well as to arrange a place for rest.
• Such a construction can be covered with any of the existing roofing materials, definitely with given conditions its operation and tilt angle.

Naturally, as with any design, has one of its flaws, which also need to know, chooses this option:

• A roof with one ramp requires more serious insulation than a gable, since under it there is not such a large space that creates airlayer. Without arrangement reliable thermal insulation in the summer months, the attic room will get very hot, and in the winter - get out, and in either case passing the temperature to the house. However, if you correctly calculate and carry out the installation of all the elements, then this defect can be avoided.
• If the overlap is done immediately under a roof arranged at a small angle, then the house is deprived not only of the upper air layer, but also of the attic, and means , the possibility to arrange an additional room - , this can be considered the second drawback of the design. But, if the attic space is planned a little differently, then you can cope with this defect.

• Es e one drawback of the single-deck of the roof refers only to the construction having a slight slope in 5 - 10º-it is a bad descent with it of snow masses. So, with a large accumulation of snow, the roof needs to be cleaned manually or to make a heated roof system using a heating cable.

will help. Video: a small cottage with a roofed roof

Calculation of the of the construction of the one-pitched roof

If you decide to arrange the single-deck roof, then you need to make calculations and make sure they are correctseeing the preliminary result on the drawing. Only in this case it can turn out exactly the one that ideally will approach for of certain structure and its occupants.

• In order for the to compose such a scheme, you will need to define the following parameters:
• The total width of the structure and the length of the spans between the bearing walls.
• Estimated angle of inclination of the ramp.
• Total length of the roof.
• Desired material for roofing.
• Height and width of load-bearing walls.

If a roof is planned for a holiday home or a barn, then the front wall of the building should be made slightly higher than the back on the with a certain height to deduce the angle of the ramp.

- The inner distance between the walls will determine how much the rafters need to be strengthened and how many beams it will take.

- Before drawing the drawing, it is necessary to determine whether is planning to build room room - in this attic from this decision the slope angle and the height of the erected gable will depend.

- Also, the angle will depend on how far is supposed to take the trump to to , lice in front and behind the structure.

- In addition to this you need to determine the location of the veranda or terrace, because in front or behind the house the roof can cover and its .

- The above factors directly affect the length of the rafters, and the total length of the building - for their number.

- Rafters lay the across the of the structure at a distance of 500 to 800 mm from each other. The wider the construction, the longer and heavier the rafters must be. Their cross-section varies from 80 × 150 mm and higher. For example, if the rafters are fastened over span to 6 ÷ 7 meters, then the size of the cross-section of the rafters must be at least 110 × 200 mm.

- For the production of rafters, high-quality, well-dried lumber is selected, which does not have cracks and large knots, especially in areas of their connection with other parts. Rafters are made of thick boards or timber.

- When the length of the blanks is not sufficient due to the large width of the structure, they have to be joined. The connection of two parts of the rafters to the whole piece is recommended to be placed on the supporting beams or, if they consist of boards, one of them must be located on the other not less than 500 mm.

has to be increased - Sometimes the rafters are even made up of the of the three parts. In this case, the central part of the rafters extends to the outermost ones also by a distance of 500 mm.

- In order not to lose time, the rafters are supported and fixed by various elements of the - rafters, struts, bolts and posts. Such additional details are used if the width of the span exceeds a distance of 5 meters.

The dimensions in the cross-section of these reinforcing elements must be at least 50 × 100 mm, and for gaskets and loops -100 × 150 mm.

- For length span in 12 m , in the middle of the joist beam there must be a stand that also supports the truss leg.

- If the length between the opposite walls exceeds the 12 m , then, in addition to the rack, the additional legs - are additionally installed, they will give rigidity to the flooring.

- If the distance between the load-bearing walls is 15 m or more, the must be , , at least , two, and each of the legs is installed as close as possible to the middle of the span rafters between the pedestrian wall and stand-up support .In addition, in the center of the construction of the rack are fastened together by the - grip this distance should be one third of the width of the structure.

- At whatever angle the single-skinned roof is laid, the rafters are laid on the Mauerlat, fixed on the walls and on the pediment.

The diagrams show support options in rafters, with spans of various sizes between the walls. They can be easily navigated by drawing up a project plan for a particular building.

The roof drawing should contain all the necessary information about all dimensions of the structure elements and the distances between them. Having such a scheme at hand, it will be easy for to carry out the work of , therefore drawing should be made very carefully and accurately.

Calculation of the of the roof slope

• The angle of the slope is calculated from the fact that the roof has the shape of a triangle with one corner always straight. This angle is formed by the legs of the floor beams and the pediment part of the structure, and the rafters in this figure play the role of the hypotenuse.

The following designations are used:

- Lc - truss leg length;

- Lbc - height of the pediment from the joists to the intersection with the roof plane;

- Ld - the width of the house;

- A - selected or calculated ramp angle.

If you recall the basic school ku rs tr gaming and to equip the with a calculator, then it will not be difficult to calculate all the parameters of the future roof basing on the initial values. The width of the building is easy to measure, and the second parameter can be either the desired height of the pediment or the selected angle of the roof slope.

So, if takes the width of the building and the planned height of the gable, the angle of the ramp is easily calculated by the formula:

Tg A = Lbc : Ldd

If the selected angle of the roof slope is taken as the basis of calculations, the height of the gableNow it's easy to calculate the length of the rafter:

Lc = : With os And

Do not forget that the length of the rafters calculated in this way is onlybeforeintersection with the plane of the walls, without accounting visors from the front and back of the building.

• Slope angle of the ramp is selected depending on some criteria, one of which is the selected type of roofing material, since for each of them it is recommended to select the value of the specified or the parameter closest to it, for example:

- Corrugated board requires a slope of at least 8º.

- With changing metal roofs, it is possible to make the roof of the with the ramp at 30º.

- For slate well the is suitable the value of the angle in 20 - 30 °.

- For roll roofing materials, such as roofing felt, as well as other soft roofing, the angle of slope of the ramp is recommended from 5 - 7 °, but not less.

If the roof does not have a heating system and the structure is located in a region where there is a lot of precipitation in the winter, then the best option is the single-skinned roof arranged at an angle of 40 - 45 °, no matter what roofing materialcovered.

In addition to the above data, you need to understand what kinds of rafter systems are.

Types of rafters on the single-deck roof

The roofing system for the construction of a single-deck roof can be executed in one of the three variants, the choice of which depends on the type and size of the structure:

• The suspension system is installed in the rare cases where between the main bearing wallsthere are no capital partitions. When constructing such a roof, for the convenience of work, a temporary flooring of the boards is laid on the joists. On this basis, and the truss system trusses are assembled. In order for the hanging system to be reliable , parallel walls, on which the floor beams will be laid, should be brought to the same height. If necessary, this type designs apply in houses built of any kinds of materials used in construction.

If a room is planned in the attic, then the ventilation is arranged as for a living room.

If the design only fulfills the role of the attic, the ventilation should be strengthened, as the room will not be heated. The ventilation in this case should function efficiently so that moisture does not accumulate here and dampness and mold does not appear, which will eventually appear in the house.

• roofing systems differ in that they are installed in buildings with internal capital partitions, which become additional supports for joists.

mouerlate In , layered rafters install rigidly on the front wall on which the Mauerlat is installed in advance, and the lower edge of it can be fixed both rigidly and sliding mounts .Such designs odnoskatnoy roofs mainly cover brick or stone houses.

For the rigidity of the design, additional spacers are installed. There are several systems for their installation, depending on how many there should be of free space in the attic space, the angle of the slope of the ramp and the massiveness of the rafters.

• Sliding rafter system is used mainly for log cabinets, as it avoids deformation of the roof structure if the house shrinks. In the construction of this type of roof, the rafters are rigidly fixed on the pediment wall, on the Mauerlat, and the lower part of the fixes the to the Mauerlat with fasteners that allow the rafters to take a comfortable position when the walls of the house are shaken.

Installation pent roof

Specify in in Make all necessary nuances, making the calculations , amounting drawing roof and purchase in required for materials, you can start assembling the structure.

• To make the work easier and safer, the structure must immediately be covered with girder overhead beams. They are laid on the strip of waterproofing from the roofing felt laid on the walls. Beams are placed at the same distance from each other, as the - rafters will usually be installed from 500 to 800 mm in the future.

• On the rear bottom wall of the structure, throughout the its length, from above the beams of the floor lay the Mauerlat from the massive beam.
• Next, on the beams should lay the flooring of the boards - on it you can safely walk and it is more convenient to continue the construction of the structure.

• The next stage of the is the erection of the pediment wall, it is constructed of the same material as the entire building, or from another, more light .For example, if a building is built of bricks, the gable can be raised from blocks and boards.
• Beams overlap, pre-covered with waterproofing, embedded in the wall. The pedestal is raised to the height provided in the drawing.
• On the pediment wall, just like on the opposite wall, fix the cantilever beam.
• Next, the makes a marking on the bottom wall, and the fasteners for installing the rafters are screwed.
• On the rafters, for their rigid fastenings, according to the drawing, grooves are cut out, which they will be put on on the Mauerlat on the top of the wall and on the bottom if provided.

• Then they are fixed with the help of special angles and fasteners. On the pediment, the rafters are fastened rigidly , while on the lower mauerlate they can be installed in sliding fasteners, depending on the type of construction chosen.

• There is a sequence of cutting the rafters: first install the extreme elements of the entire rafter system, then pull the cord over them, which will become the level for the remaining parts. The distance between the rafters must correspond to the distance between the joists.
• The installed rafters for stability are connected to the beams of the floor by the posts, struts and other elements mentioned above. The fastening is made by metal staples and corners, which adds rigidity to the design.

• is mounted to them. If it was intended to extend the roof for a terrace, balcony or veranda, additional boards, called "filly", are attached to the rafters.

Video: the construction process of the ridge roof

After the installation of the roofing system, it is necessary to proceed to the insulation measures, because the single-skinned roof especially needs thermal insulation, even if a common attic is located under the roof.

For this, roof warming technologies and attics, , which can be found on the website, are suitable, following the link.

The device for roofing under roofing or solid roofing is done taking into account the chosen roofing material - for each of them there is own technology of similar works.

Video: solid roofing of gable roofs with

boards

The device of any roof - is a responsible and laborious process, and because of the work at the height of - is still and quite dangerous. Therefore, , having no experience in the construction craft, it is better to entrust the installation to the masters who know the its case, since the unsuccessfully built base under the roof, is threatened by the fact that the walls of the house will be subject to deformations.