Corner fireplace with your hands on the right foundation
Given the mass of bricks that go to the fireplace portal, chimney and pipe, the total weight of the entire structure on average can exceed 500 kilograms. There are fireplaces that weigh far for a ton, but this is not our case, because we make a small corner fireplace with our own hands. Therefore, let's take 400 kilograms as a minimum. How do you think, will this weight cover the first floor? It can survive, if the load is distributed correctly into the lags, but it will not be superfluous to insure, so start with the basement for the fireplace. To do this, on the walls in the corner, note where exactly the fireplace will be and how deep it will be, then remove the floor covering in this place and move the markings to the ceiling with a plumb line. We do not hurry to cut logs, we will do it at the last moment, fixing them on the fireplace table.
When there is a basement under the first floor, or if you want to install a "home" on the second floor, the foundation will have to be made local, not connected to the ground.
Suppose the basement under the first floor we have. In this case, exactly under the place where the fireplace will be, we will hollow the basement floor, until we reach the foundation, take the ground to the depth of the foundation of the house, we compact the bottom of the resulting pit. Each side of it should be 20 centimeters greater than the estimated size of the fireplace portal. The foundation of the fireplace is made of well-burnt brick, fastening its rows with mortar so that they are not connected with the foundation of the house, in a space of at least 50 millimeters, we fill the sand. We lift the brick pedestal to the level of the first floor overlap, not reaching it in a couple of rows, a uniform layer of cement is applied here, which is covered with 2 layers of roofing material to protect the fireplace from the basement dampness. If the overlap is kept on the logs, it's time to cut them, laying them on a brick foundation( that's why we needed extra 20 centimeters).The next row of bricks should almost reach the first floor. It is from here that always begins the laying of fireplaces made of bricks.
As for the solution, its composition is extremely simple. However, if the foundation is laid with a standard cement-sand mix, in proportion 1: 3, then the fireplace is laid out only by means of clay mortar. For him it is necessary to stir clay in the water to the state of sour cream two days before the start of the work and mix thoroughly daily, put sand in the clay pulp on the day of the clutch and try to roll the sausage, it should not stick to your hands and crumble, this will be the measure of the preparedness of the solution. Laying out the first two rows of the fireplace, add cement to the clay mortar, 3 parts per 10 parts of the mixture. Bricks should be used as far as possible fire-resistant, be sure to moisten them before laying them in a row, because when they are dry, they will dehydrate the solution. Keep a simple brick in the water until the air bubbles cease to rise, but do not overdo it. For laying the pipe, go back to the cement-sand mortar. During all work, always measure the evenness of the masonry with a plumb and square, every 5 rows, wipe the inner surface with a wet rag, removing the solution that emerged from the seams. Internal stove stove is not made.
The laying of the corner fireplace should be without flaws
So, we have finished the foundation, it is already visible through the hole cut in the floor, which means it's time to put the first row of the fireplace. Remember that the thickness of the joints between the bricks should not exceed 5 millimeters, ideally should be limited to 3 millimeters, especially if the brick is fireproof. And be prepared for the fact that will have to constantly cut the brick as needed .We divide several bricks at once, and from a few we separate the corners, thus obtaining isosceles triangles with sides equal to the smaller face of the brick( we do not throw bricks with chips).You may also need quarters and three-quarter brick pieces. In the corner we attach a metal sheet bent under 90 degrees to the shelf of the fireplace, which will become a heat reflector. To lay down the fireplace, you will need an order - a detailed layout of the masonry of each row of the fireplace. Let's get started. Pay attention, the first three rows are filled with bricks completely, the first of which brings the foundation to the level of the floor.
But we will not be distracted, the laying of the corner fireplace started. The first row consists of 10 whole bricks, two with split corners, one corner and one half. The second row is the mirror image of the first. Please note that out of all the chips that make up the facade, you should get a straight line. The third is 12 whole bricks and 2 halves. All fits tightly, without gaps, the facade seams between the rows make "vpustoshovku", that is, not bringing the solution to the front edge of the brick by 0.5 centimeters. The fourth row represents the base of the ash pit, the bottom, and consists of 13 whole bricks, three with a split corner and two corners, with 4 bricks laid in one line along the facade, leveling the front side of the fireplace. At number five, we have a ash pit laying, we use 9 full bricks, 1 with a cut off corner, 3 halves and 7 corners. We will also need one more corner, cut in half, into two smaller triangles, they form the far wall of the ash pan. On this row we lay across the obtained niche 2 steel bars, not too close to the bricks that make up the facade part.
We spread the bottom of the fireplace with the sixth row of bricks, for which we need 7 whole and 2 three-quarter, as well as six blocks with sawn angles( some may need an additional quarter-cut from the opposite end).Still it will be necessary to use 3 angles, one of which is sawed into 2 halves. There will be one moment requiring "surgical" intervention - a brick with a sawn angle in the left wall of the fireplace, most likely, break the line of laying the holes for the grate. The protruding ledge will need to be cut down, which will give us a small corner, which may well be needed if the fragment of the corner at the far wall( on the left) does not want to exactly occupy the place assigned to it. We put in the hole a previously prepared grate( it will lie on the reinforced bars between the rows) and continue the construction of the fireplace.
The seventh row represents the fireplace's edge( the board protecting from precipitation of coals from the portal), for which you use 8 bricks and 3 halves, along with which the internal space of the furnace will form 6 corners. From 8th to 13th row we build the walls of the fireplace, each layer of brick, up to 12, differs from the previous one only in separate details, and all of them are quite simple, so they do not require comments. On the 13th row we lay a steel strip or corner with wide shelves to block the portal. By the way, in this series you will need a quadruplet in addition to 6 full bricks, 4 with chipped corners and 4 angles. Without fear, we saw a brick to fit the masonry under the scheme. Sometimes it will be necessary to shorten a brick with a chipped corner to a quarter, so that it does not break out of the masonry.
How to build a corner fireplace so that it does not smoke
The fireplace top should be laid out with the utmost care so that the coals do not have a chance to get to the floor. However, the most important part of the "home" is the chimney, since without a properly arranged outlet the smoke will go the simplest way, that is, through the portal into the room. Therefore, before you build a corner fireplace, place it for him, taking into account the output of the chimney through all the floors of the building( or on the outer wall, if possible).But back to our bricks, and look a bit into the past. When we put the 11th row, the rear wall came a little closer to the front of the portal. And this means that the "mirror" has started to be built up - the guiding plane for the output of smoke.14 and 15, the rows significantly narrow the chimney, setting a certain direction, at the same time overlapping of the portal is formed. For 14, 8 whole bricks, 2 halves, 1 quarter, 2 with chipped corners and 3 gons are required. In the 15th row we need 9 whole bricks, 1 three-quarter brick, 3 bricks with cut corners and 5 angles.
16 a row of masonry( 8 full bricks, 2 halves, 1 quarter, 4 with chipped corners, and 2 and a half gons) determines the location of the tooth - the edges of the "mirror".Unlike the rest of the surface of the portal and the chimney, the tooth is necessarily smeared with clay, as a protection against burning out. From 17 to 19 the masonry layer thickens the facade, with all the bricks stacked on the side of the "hayla"( the chamber providing traction), are stiffened so that a smooth sheer arch is created. To make everything right, carefully read the cut. On the 17th row of bricks will take a lot, but it all depends on their overall dimensions. According to the scheme in the laying 4 whole bricks, 8 trehchetvertnyh, one full with a chipped edge and two the same halves, as well as 3 gons and 3 pieces of their halves, but in fact three-quarter can go one less because of the greater width of the brick and the errors of thedrawing. On the 18th row will take 12 whole bricks, 1 three-quarter, 7 angles and two halves of the square. The next 19 layer will require 8 whole bricks, 6 full three-quarters and one with a cut angle, one whole brick with a cut off corner and 5.5 angles.
From 20 to 25 rows a chimney is formed. In this case, the 20 row is much smaller than the previous one, this can be seen from the number of bricks: 10 whole, 3 halves and 6 corners. In other words, a fireplace shelf is formed.21 layer of brick consists of only 7 whole blocks, two bricks with cut corners( they need to be cut into two parts along a large plane), one halves and 4 corners. To lay out 22 rows, you need 8 whole bricks, 3 full bricks with cut off corners and two similar ones, but shortened by a quarter, as well as 2 whole corners and 4 halves that can be replaced by two square cuttings. In the resulting gap between the front bricks of the last two rows, we insert the prefabricated flap and check that it is sitting tight enough. Begin to put 23 rows, while the chimney hole takes the form of a "swallowtail", the sawn material this time will take very little: 9 whole bricks, 1 with a cut off corner, 2 halves and 1 corner. On the final 24 and 25 layers of masonry there are only whole bricks, 11 each. The pipe can be made brick or tin with a hood, this is particular, the main thing is that the fireplace as a whole is already ready for you. For decoration of the facade, decorative mineral plaster is quite acceptable.
