Principle of filtration fields functioning
After the initial cleaning of the liquid from helminths, fatty and mechanical impurities, sewage flows through open channels into a system consisting of a specially constructed drainage pipeline, pre-seeping through a layer of sand. Then in the well of technical purpose, ditch or river.
Decomposition into components that are harmless to the environment, occurs with the help of bacteria. The presence of air ensures the vital activity of these bacteria.
The effective operation of this cleaning system is largely dependent on the soil component, which is used for filtration purposes. It is necessary to remember there is the possibility of using aerobic cleaning methods in the fields of filtration and irrigation.
For guidance in the design of filtration fields for a septic tank, it is necessary to use the relevant laws in the legislative framework, on sanitary standards, but do not forget the local authorities that have their own instructions in this regard. The main requirement, which is to prevent entry into sewage water systems, is due to the receipt of this water for consumption by the population.
- camera septic tank( 1);
- supply pipe( 2);
- distribution ring( chamber)( 3);
- drainage pipe filtration field( 4).
Cases in which the use of a drainage system with filtration fields for septic tanks is mandatory:
- if groundwater is at a level not exceeding 1.5 meters threshold, with soil type not affected.
- if the filtration properties of the field of underground filtration in soil are insufficient.
Development of the
project The ordering of the
filtration fields When calculating the filtration fields it is necessary to take into account a number of important aspects:
- in the design of the filtration field, it is necessary to ensure that the sand layer is laid deeper than the soil freezing level, otherwise, in frosty weather, the filtration fields are partiallymay completely lose their functions;
- It is important that the filtration fields are at the maximum distance from water intake sites, fruiting shrubs and trees, in order to avoid further influence of filtered harmful substances on water and fruits.
- Regular maintenance works on cleaning, in the form of a full replacement of sand, gravel and soil, used as a filtration layer, must be carried out at least once every seven years. Since the drainage system provides normal operation for seven years at most.
How to calculate the length of the irrigation pipeline
Consider, for example, the filtering field used with a septic tank, in the manufacture of which concrete rings were used.
Initial parameters:
- The depth of groundwater is 2 meters;
- Sandy ground
- Two cubic meters per day - productivity of a septic tank
It is necessary to make calculations of the length of the irrigation pipeline that will be needed under these conditions using a septic tank.
Carrying out calculations:
- Having determined the type of soil, the depth of groundwater, it is necessary to know the average annual temperature. For each locality, this value is of a statistical nature, there should be no problems with this.
- Using a table to determine the load that is created per meter of pipeline, provided that the depth of groundwater is two meters and the average annual temperature is 6 ºC, it will be 20.
- A septic tank consuming 2 cubic meters.m liquid, it is necessary to provide a septic filtering field with an irrigation pipeline 100 m long( 1 cubic meter is equal to 1,000 liters, 2000 liters divided by a load factor of 20)
- Taking into account the coefficient of subsoil within 1.2. .. 1.5, calculating the load onpipe.
We conclude that the length of the irrigation pipeline under the given conditions should be 67. .. 84 m( 100 divided by a factor of 1.2. .. 1.5).
Filtration fields
For the construction of a filtration field, a system is created that performs the irrigation function and consists of a set of underground pipelines and ditches. For this it is necessary:
- A ten centimeter layer of soil is placed on the very bottom of the ditch, the soil must have a good moisture transmission capacity.
- Then follows the sand layer, the thickness of not less than ten centimeters. Next, a drainage pipeline is laid( pipes with holes).The efficiency of the filtration field is ensured by the uniform distribution of the wastewater.
The use of flexible pipes and pipelines is not acceptable, as the norms of nature use will be violated. Subsequently, it can bring not a small number of problems and issues related to organizations that monitor the proper use of natural resources.
- Each ditch is equipped with a gravel site, the thickness of which must be at least 40 cm.
- Using a geotextile material, we make a layer between the gravel stratum and a subsequent layer of soil, which will also perform a protective function against pollution and frost for the drainage pipeline.
- Further, the entire area on which the filtration field for the septic tank is located is filled with earth.
General advisory advice
A thorough cleaning system should be remembered:
- Complete bio-cleaning is provided if the filtering field is equipped on sand, sandy loam or light loam soil.
- When equipping the plot on clay soils, the drainage will not show effectiveness in effect, because clay has poor moisture-transmitting properties.
From the experience of carrying out such work it follows that the cost of excavating clay to the sand-bearing layer exceeds the cost of installing ready-made treatment systems and facilities. - Very often it is necessary to build additional cleaning systems, because the principle of self-cleaning of soil is not unlimited and has a resource.
- On the degree of purity of waste water, the service life of the filtration field will depend.
Summing up, the material presented in this article will help you, in the independent equipment of fields of a filtration for a septic tank. Avoid contaminating sources of drinking water and keeping the ecology in your area.
