Types of drainage systems
Conditionally, water drains can be divided into two types, each of which is applied depending on the structural features of the roof and the type of construction:
- External;
- Internal.
External drain
The device of such a design is quite simple, it does not require special knowledge and skills. Its installation is performed both at the construction stage and after it. The principle of operation of such a sewage system is as follows: atmospheric precipitation, flowing down the roof, enter the gutters placed along the perimeter of the house under a slight slope. Passing through these gutters, water drains into the drainpipes and, passing through them, gets into the drainage.
Internal gutter
The internal gutter differs from the external one in that the drain pipes are located inside the walls of the house. Sewage flows into these pipes through special funnels and, passing through them, drain into the sewer. It is much more difficult to equip such a drainage system, and sometimes it is completely impossible, especially if the building is already constructed. The design of such a structure must be designed in such a way that the running water does not fall on the walls. After all, prolonged exposure to moisture will invariably lead to the formation of mold, and subsequently to their destruction.
The internal drainage system
The drainage system includes many different elements, each of which fulfills a specific task and is an integral part of the design:
- Gutters that mount to the lowest points of the roof;
- Retraction pipes, which are an intermediate link between the funnels and the riser;
- Wastewater receiving stands;
- Underground pipelines that transport waste water outside the house.
The drainpipes consist of a housing, a grille and a cover with holes.
By types are divided into:
- Bellows, most often cast iron - used for inclined roofs;
- Flat - for horizontal tile or asphalt roofs;
The discharge pipes and risers are assembled from ordinary polyethylene sewer pipes, connected together by cement or asbestos-cement screed. Steel and asbestos-cement pipes are used less often.
Underground pipelines are constructed of reinforced concrete, ceramic or asbestos-cement pipes, but cast-iron pipes are most often used for residential buildings.
The diameter of the funnels, the outflow pipes and the receiving risers should be about 100-110 mm, which will ensure free water flow at high flow rates.
How to assemble a drainage system - advice from
specialists Observing some rules and basic recommendations, the installation of the internal drain will not take much time:
- Try to position the funnels evenly over the entire surface of the roof;
- Make sure that the angle of inclination towards the funnel is at least 2 degrees;
- 20 m - the maximum distance between the funnels;
- Funnel and roof joint sites should be carefully sealed;
- The discharge pipes must be installed through rooms in which there is heating.
The main advantage of the internal drainage system is the absence of icing on the walls of the pipes during the winter, which can lead to pipe damage.
It is quite difficult to install such a system on its own, because such work requires a certain skill, because any calculation error or improperly executed installation process can lead to water leakage inside the building.
To date, many companies are engaged in such activities, possessing sufficient qualifications for this kind of work.
