Each owner of the land plot has its own motivation for erecting a winter greenhouse on the site. The general order of work( the choice of location and materials, drafting, etc.) differs little from the construction of any other structure with their own hands - a private house, a garage or a summer kitchen. But since we are talking about a winter greenhouse, and even with heating, we should more thoroughly understand all the nuances of its installation.
The following will only outline the specifics of such construction and give practical recommendations. The reader who does not know what, for example, the tape of the foundation, grillage, should first read this information in the section "Construction".
Do not be distracted by such details as the shape of the greenhouse( single, double, triple, arched, combined or otherwise), its dimensions( including height), and so on. All this is at the discretion of the owner, as much depends on what the greenhouse itself is built for( raising something for itself or for sale) and what crops it is supposed to plant in it. Therefore, it makes sense to consider only the nuances of mounting its components - the foundation( foundation), the frame structure, its covering, engineering communications( lighting + heating).
What to take into account before the construction of the
. The special feature of a greenhouse with heating is that such a structure is installed as a stationary, non-separable structure( unlike a polycarbonate greenhouse).Therefore, a correct approach to choosing a location for a capital construction is required, which can not be disassembled if necessary and transferred to another segment of the territory.
Light mode
The greenhouse should be located and oriented around the world so that during the day it is maximally illuminated by natural means.
Wind rose
Heating is installed in greenhouses, which are operated, as a rule, all the year round. Therefore, one should think about the organization of fencing from the most problematic direction. Probably, it is necessary to put wind protection and from several sides. If everything is carefully thought out, it is possible to significantly reduce heat losses and save on heating, not to mention the increase in crop yields.
Convenience of the approach to the greenhouse
This will greatly facilitate both the construction process and the care of vegetation. If possible, one should also take into account the specifics of the laying of communications - lighting, water supply, heating( if it is not autonomous) - in order to minimize costs.
Heating option
On how the greenhouse heating is arranged according to its scheme, its design( scheme) largely depends. This will be discussed in more detail below, but it should be noted that in the case of installing a boiler inside the building, it is necessary to envisage the presence not just of a tambour, but of a separate room with appropriate dimensions. Linear parameters( cubic capacity) of a mini-furnace shall correspond to the capacity of the unit to be installed.
Features of the choice of materials and installation of the greenhouse
Foundation
Its penetration depends on the characteristics of the soil, the configuration of underground aquifers and the availability( efficiency) of the drainage system on the site.
Belt
This is the most popular type of foundation in the private sector. But given the cost of materials( primarily cement) and the small weight of the greenhouse, whether it is worthwhile to build a foundation of this type is a big question. In addition, if the site is already planted, it is highly undesirable to conduct extensive earthworks( there is a great risk of damage to the root system of the plantations) or not always possible( because of the engineering communications laid across the territory).
Conclusion - if local conditions permit, then it is advisable to use a shallow band foundation.
Column( pile)
Under the greenhouse - more suitable option. And if the pipes are used as supports, the excavation of the soil will be reduced to the drilling of holes in the planned points. With piles screw and so much easier.
It will be necessary to mount a grillage. What is the point of heating the building, under the floor of which "the wind walks"?By the way, in the space between its bottom and the ground, if necessary, you can lay some insulation, for example, to cover with expanded clay. But the mineral wool is not suitable, because in time it will absorb moisture and begin to deteriorate.
Framework
In general terms, the choice of materials for the "skeleton" of the greenhouse is large, but for capital construction it is somewhat narrowed. To build walls of brick or concrete blocks is not a cheap pleasure. We will consider simpler technologies.
Wood
It should not be used unambiguously. There are several reasons. First, it crumbles, so heat loss will increase. Secondly, the need for regular processing of special preparations and stains - the prospect is unattractive. In addition, cash costs and time. Thirdly, not all vegetable crops like "close neighborhood" with the tree. Experienced gardeners often cite cucumbers as an example. Fourth, there will be problems with glazing, as well as ensuring its tightness throughout the life of the greenhouse.
Metal
If you use aluminum samples, the weight of the structure will be negligible. Complexity in the other is in its assembly. It is not everyone who can correctly bend a metal profile - it requires experience.
Plastic
For a small greenhouse with heating - the best option. Pipes withstand a significant load, easily change the geometry, are inexpensive - plus enough. The only question is how to reliably fix such a frame on the foundation?
- Ribbon - rods are embedded in it( from pipes of small diameter, rod or something like that) according to a preassembled scheme, onto which plastic is inserted.
- The posts are the same. To support, to ensure strength, a solution is poured. Here it is installed and pieces of pipes of smaller cross-section or thick reinforcement.
Sheath
It is not necessary to talk about such materials as a foil or glass film. In the first case - because of a short service life and large heat loss. In the second - because of the complexity of installation and high cost. Pay attention to polycarbonate. But if it's heating, then you need to choose cellular polycarbonate.
Advantages of such a greenhouse coating are several:
- reasonable price;
- light weight;
- strength;
- simplicity of attaching sheets by hand;
- good light permeability and heat saving;
- excellent maintainability.
Engineering systems
The arrangement of ventilation and lighting is not so difficult. It is only necessary to provide for the control of light and air flows. How to do this - manually or install the automation - the host decides for himself. The same is true for the water pipe. Someone will make a diversion from the main highway and will stretch a separate line to the greenhouse, and someone will completely arrange the water intake with a bucket from a well located next to the building. And here about heating it is necessary to talk especially.
Heating options for the greenhouse
Actually, this is the most important moment of the entire process of erecting a winter greenhouse. It is the constancy of the temperature and the uniformity of the heating of the building - the guarantee of high yield. What to choose as a source of thermal energy can be solved only by the owner himself, since even hypothetically one can not take into account all the nuances of construction and the possibilities of the owner of the site, especially if the work is done by oneself. But a small overview of the options will be appropriate.
Furnace
With this heating, air is heated indoors. The peculiarity is that the farther from the heat source, the temperature is lower. This option is suitable either for small greenhouses, or if necessary, to heat the room by sector. For example, when zoning space in case of planting different types of crops with different requirements for temperature conditions.
Water heating
If the greenhouse is equipped as an extension to a residential structure or erected near it - the best option. Stretching the pipes is not a problem. The only difficulty is whether the boiler will pull the additional load. Here it is necessary to think that it is more economical to look for another heating engineering solution( also money) or to purchase a bigger boiler.
It's worth thinking about how to lay pipes inside the greenhouse with your own hands. Schemes are somewhat, and the feasibility of implementing one or the other depends on the features of the construction( first of all, dimensions) and cultivated crops.
- Along the walls, along the perimeter. Maybe with the installation of radiators.
- In the ground( inside the beds).
- Below each level. This is done if the crops are grown in containers located on the shelves.
Heating cable
It is used in place of pipes and laid in the same way. For such heating to follow, as, for example, behind the stove, do not have to - everything is done automatically. The only condition - there should be no problems with en / supply, which is typical for suburban areas.
IR heating
Economical and efficient way of heating the greenhouse. Consumption of electricity / energy - the minimum. The main thing is to correctly place( assemble) heat sources, since similar products are produced in different design, even in the form of films. Details of all the pros and cons of infrared heating are described in this article.
Heating with biofuel
On many sites, this method of heating is positioned as the most economical. But if you carefully read the technology, then a number of questions arise. For example, where to take manure, sawdust and the like to a city dweller? How much is enough for one bookmark? In addition to this - strict requirements for air humidity, its aeration and a number of others. It turns out that such heating is a rather troublesome business. So - for an amateur.
Conclusion
A concrete recommendation for the construction of a winter greenhouse can not be in principle. The information given is sufficient to enable the reader to make the choice of the most suitable project and the variant of the internal arrangement of the premises. You can do everything yourself, if you approach the issue in a thoughtful, businesslike way.
