Growing broccoli in the open field - from planting seeds to harvesting

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b-1 Probably, there will not be a single owner of a land plot that does not plant cabbage on its hundreds. There are many kinds of this vegetable, most of which are well known to our summer residents. But not everyone knows about broccoli, although it differs favorably from many other types of cabbage on a number of parameters.

What is its value, what is the specificity of growing in the open ground? In the proposed article, gardeners will find a lot of useful information and practical advice on the cultivation of this culture.

There are about 200 varieties of broccoli. In Russia, mainly two are grown - "Brassica italica" and "Brassica oleracea".Here they will be accentuated.

Optimal conditions for growing

Broccoli differs unpretentiousness. It painlessly tolerates heat, drought, does not require any special care. But the implementation of the recommendations listed below will make it possible to get a really good harvest.

  • Good illumination of the plot. Unlike many other vegetable crops, artificial( or natural) shading is not necessary for broccoli.
  • High humidity. Broccoli refers to plants that are hygrophilous. In the place of its cultivation it is recommended to maintain the humidity level: air - 85%, soil - 75%.
  • [highlight color = "yellow"] Primer. It is better if it is chernozem or alumina. Although the composition of the soil, broccoli is really unpretentious( its optimum acidity is at the level of 6.5 pH).
  • Temperature mode. When describing the specifics of growing this type of cabbage, it is often noted that the culture can withstand considerable frost on the soil( up to -7 ° C) or heat. Some inexperienced gardeners such information is misleading, including, and the time of planting the plant in the ground. For broccoli, the most comfortable temperature is +18( ± 2) ºС.
  • Good natural circulation of air flows. Choosing a place to grow broccoli, this must be taken into account.

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Preparing seeds for planting

This applies only to planting material collected independently from its own site or taken from someone. Store products( provided that the point of sale is specialized) does not need preliminary preparation.

Algorithm for planting:

  • Seed soaking. For this, manganese( weak) solution is prepared or pure, heated water( degrees to 50) is taken. The holding time is approximately ⅓ hours.
  • Drying.
  • Immersion in special / mortar. It is also called a growth stimulant. The approximate aging of the seeds is 5.5 hours.

The simplest recipe

20 g of ash( only wood!) Per 1 liter of water. The solution "ripens" for at least 2 days, during which it must be regularly mixed.

Recommendation for collection of seeds

  • Testes are removed from beds to frosts.
  • Pre-drying in a warm room( weeks 2, at least).
  • Testis thresher.
  • The rejection of substandard, that is, the seeds that are unsuitable for disembarkation - by size, shell condition and so on.
  • Storage, as for any other planting material - the place is dry, dark, cool.

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Soil preparation

Nothing special in this process. All the same as for other cultures - digging at the end of the season. In spring, when the weather is warm, it is recommended to apply fertilizers. Use should be made of mineral compounds. For example, ammonium nitrate( 10) or superphosphate( 40) in g / m².

Procedure for broccoli planting in open ground

The exact dates should be specified according to the lunar calendar, in relation to the local climate. Therefore, the data are averaged, therefore, purely indicative.

Seedlings

Approximately in the middle of March the seeds are placed in a closed( jars, containers) soil, and in the second half of April - early May, the seedlings are planted on the plots. With this technology, the first harvest will be around mid-June.




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Seeds

Planting in open ground is performed depending on the degree of warming up the soil. The difference is only in the time of ripening cabbage. Harvest will have to be later than in the first method.

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Pros of the

  • method Less hassle. Each summer resident knows how much space is occupied by containers with seedlings and how care is stored at home - daily control over development, watering, adherence to the lighting regime and so on.
  • More intensive development of broccoli. With this method of cultivation, the plant is not stressed during the transplantation into the open ground, and seedlings do not take time to acclimatize under the new conditions.

Disembarkation technology

b-4 Distances( cm) are selected: between rows - 55( ± 5), wells - within 30. Seeds do not unduly deepen. Approximately - for 1 phalanx of the finger. Why so, it is easy to understand. Broccoli is a vegetable that gives "tops", therefore, the culture develops upwards. A small layer of soil in the form of powder( about 1.5 cm) protects the seeds from their washing out of the sediment sediments.

Immediately after planting( seeds or seedlings) and leveling the earth, it is abundantly irrigated.

Recommendations

  • b-5 The best time for planting broccoli is overcast weather.
  • If the soil is dry, then first watering the beds, and after a few hours - sowing cabbage.
  • For the first time it is necessary to create a greenhouse effect for seeds( seedlings).To do this, each seat is covered( which is easiest) with a trimmed plastic bottle. That the sprouted greens developed well, it is desirable to take a container of at least 3 liters, or even better - at 5. This protective dome is removed when a minimum of 4 leaves appear.

Care for broccoli

Although it is not complex, but the generally accepted rules of cultivation should be adhered to.

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Watering

The irrigation efficiency is determined by the soil moisture content. It is desirable to do watering either in the early morning, or closer to the evening, when the intensity of the sun's rays decreases. The reason is in the water itself. Her drops, falling on the leaves, begin to act like microscopic lenses that refract and focus light. As a result, broccoli gets multiple burns.

If irrigation is organized by another method, for example, capillary, then you can irrigate at any time of the day. The main task is to ensure the penetration of water into the soil, to the root system, while eliminating it from falling onto the leaves. That's what you need to be guided by. Although in the evening you can practice and technique of sprinkling.

Weeding the plots

Loosening the ground with simultaneous removal of weeds - one of the components of obtaining a good harvest. There are many recommendations on this issue, and very different ones. The author, on the basis of his own experience of growing broccoli advises to do this, when the soil will dry after irrigation. This greatly simplifies the control of weeds( they are easily pulled out of the ground together with the roots).

In addition, the root system is not deprived for a long time of free penetration of air to it. If the weeding is done, for example, a couple of days after watering, then all this time the invisible, microscopic crust remains after the evaporation of the water. It will be the thicker, the brighter the sun shines. Experienced summer residents such observed many times, especially if the site is not clean chernozem, and land with a large presence of clay.

Application of fertilizers

Much depends on the characteristics of the soil, its composition, the predominance / lack of certain chemical elements.

  • Primary top dressing - when planting in the open ground for about the third week. The easiest way to use purchased drugs. Those who are more interested in folk remedies, you can give one of the recipes - watering the beds with a solution prepared from manure and nettles( 1 to 10).But necessarily mature, settled.
  • Fertilizers are introduced twice more during the growing season. It is necessary to use potassium-phosphorus compounds. It is these 2 chemical elements that most favorably influence the development of broccoli in the open field. The specificity of the use of drugs, the frequency - all information is on the package.

Pest Control

In principle, broccoli, unlike many crops, has practically no enemies in the garden. This is another plus for cultivation. But in the period of development, when the leaves are still weak, they should be taken care of.

Which decoctions to spray:

  • From tomato tops. For 3 liters of water - 1 kg of tomato leaves. Half an hour boiling, cooling, and can be used.
  • From pepper. We need not any, but bitter( it is planted practically at all cottages).Pieces of 4 fetuses are crushed and boiled for about an hour in 1 liter of water. Naturally, with constant mixing. The resulting solution is aged for at least 24 hours. Then the substrate poured into a bucket of clean water, again mixed( already with it), and used to spray broccoli.

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Additional information

It will be useful to those who have not yet decided whether or not to grow broccoli on their site.

  • With competent care for one season, you can collect 2 crops of the vegetable
  • Broccoli contains many proteins, and according to this indicator, it is not inferior to beef or chicken eggs. But unlike them, cholesterol in the body after taking such food does not concentrate.
  • Broccoli is used in various types - cheese, stewed, boiled. This allows you to significantly diversify the menu.

Useful advices

  • Soil with high acidity for broccoli is not something critical. Harvest can be collected good, but here the quality of cabbage will be in question. The fact is that on such soils the risk of concentration in the vegetable of toxic chemical compounds and elements( mainly heavy metals) increases. Increasing the "ecological purity" of broccoli in practice is achieved by neutralizing the acidity of the soil. One of the options is composting at the rate of 8.5 kg / m2.
  • For seeding in the open ground with seeds it is desirable to select varieties of early broccoli.
  • Provided that different types of cabbage are planted on the site, broccoli should be removed from the rest( split remotely).Otherwise, there will be a so-called over-pollination of varieties, which leads to their mutation.
  • When planting broccoli for growing outdoors, as well as for other crops, it is necessary to follow the rules of crop rotation. More details about this can be found here.
  • If carefully cutting off cabbage heads, without affecting the root system, then the stepchildren give a second crop. The heads will have time to fully ripen and gain the right weight before the first colds come.

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  • Do not wait for the heads to harden completely. With regard to the broccoli, young heads are subject to cutting. This feature of harvesting yields an equally good second.
  • It is noticed - if cut off head of the head before sunrise or after sunset, the cabbage is kept much longer. For a beginner gardener it makes sense to test it by an experienced way - to collect some of the heads, for example, in the morning, and the rest - in the afternoon. The practice of storage will show which method is more appropriate. Or vice versa - no difference.

The reader should understand that one of the conditions for obtaining high yields of any culture is not to be afraid to experiment on your site. No information can completely replace personal experience.

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