Increase of useful space at the expense of a cellar in the private house by own hands

Before, no one even thought of using a cellar in a private house made by themselves, as a living room.

However, due to the appearance of a variety of building materials, this opportunity began to be considered and implemented.

Just the owners of private buildings are trying to increase the useful area of ​​their homes.

In general, the basement in the dacha can be used in different ways, depending on what the goals are set by the owner. A space under the floor is unlikely to be empty.

By appointment, the following types of basement are distinguished:

• Cellar for storage of vegetables, billets, fruits. Almost all owners of private houses have vegetable gardens, in which they plant a row of vegetables. Therefore, the cellar can be made a cellar for storing the annual harvest;
• Cellar as a workshop. They place working furniture and install shelves for tools;
• Basement with spare rooms. Usually at the bottom of the house make a small bar for relaxation or a comfortable living room. But there is no limit to this, you can arrange in the basement and bedroom;
• Basement with garage. If the house territory is small, this is a wise decision. In the basement you can leave personal transport and auto parts to it;
• Basement with swimming pool or sauna. If you correctly draw up a project and build a room for bathing procedures, then it will prove to be a favorite resting place;
• Basement for boiler room or other communications.

Instructions for erecting the basement of the basement

Planning the construction of the basement under the house, make sure to make its drawings. Putting out the key points on paper will help to make the right calculations.

It is important to build on the depth of freezing of the earth, and take into account the impact of groundwater. They can gradually destroy the basement, and thus make it worthless.

Laying the foundation, regardless of what the basement in the dacha is intended for - storing vegetables or parking the car in the garage, should be done correctly.

Naturally, the construction of the basement of the basement involves the presence of a ditch. The pit should be dug by a depth of one and a half or two meters.

Its walls should be tampered with, so that the ground does not go down. In the base of the ditch lay layers of gravel and sand, which need to be compressed.

For the construction of a foundation, a design from certain layers is absolutely necessary. First, you need a waterproofing platform at home.

She does not allow groundwater to leak into the house, into the basement. The waterproofing pillow includes a compacted 10-centimeter rock bed.

If groundwater flows close to the ground, clay is poured on top of the gravel bed. After that hot bitumen is poured on the layer.

One square meter takes 5 kg of bitumen. Thanks to such a cushion, ground waters will not spoil the building of the house.

If you plan to build a foundation of a house made of solid concrete, then you need to make a formwork of boards.

When the concrete platform hardens, cover it with a ruberoid. At the edges of the foundation you need to make allowances of 10 cm.

How to make a basement in the country, will prompt the blueprints.

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Construction of strong waterproof walls

Next you can proceed to building walls of brick. They are built with a thickness of one brick.

The construction of the basement obliges plastering its walls with cement, treating it with bituminous mastic and attaching 3-4 layers of roofing material.

The outer layer of walls and sinuses, erected from red brick, is covered not with sand, but with clay. The first material does not prevent the penetration of water through the surface of the brick.

And the external walls of the basement should be protected from humidity.

The most common methods to prevent the close-lying groundwater from seeping into the basement are:

• waterproofing;
• pasting waterproofing.

The first method requires a primer, which is a mixture of welded bitumen and gasoline.

This waterproofing material is sold in stores, it does not need to be specially manufactured. It is smeared on the front walls from the bottom to the blind in the cooled state.

Primer application is carried out in two different ways:

• The primer can be applied to the front of already prepared blocks of brick using a spray gun. This allows you to accomplish the task much faster and guarantees an excellent result. If only a brush is available, then the walls are covered with a mortar two times;
• The walls are covered with a primer even before they are installed on the intended site. Painted with mortar, the walls of bricks are lowered into a moat by a crane. Blocks are connected with a concrete solution with proportions of cement and sand 1 to 4. The grooves between the blocks are leveled, and after they are completely dried cover with a primer.

Light is considered the last method, because it is not very comfortable to process blocks of bricks in place, that is, at the depth of the dug hole.

The lower layer of the brick, which stands at the top of the foundation, must also be protected from water. Therefore, under the bottom of the first row of masonry, it is necessary to lay the roofing material, it is better, if in two layers.

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The blocks are attached to the insulating material of the foundation with cement mortar. The groove between the brickwork and the platform should also be treated with a primer.

Raising the basement with your own hands, you can make a waterproofing of the walls. Protective material is not only ruberoid, but also briol, and aquaizol.

Conventional cement plaster is suitable.

Floor installation

If the construction of the floor in the basement is started after the construction of the walls, then the air cushion is poured from the concrete. Formwork will not be required.

First, inspect the soil and the depth of the moat, if it is not enough, remove an extra layer of earth.

Further work is to conduct a waterproofing of the floor against the ingress of nearby groundwater.

An elementary way to avoid the ingress of groundwater is to use a special thick film sold in building stores.

This material has a unique strength, its properties do not deteriorate for many years.

In a private house or country cottage it is always necessary to conduct a thorough insulation of the floor.

Thermal insulation layer includes extruded polystyrene, expanded polystyrene and other materials. Plates from these materials are placed on the film itself.

To make the foundation warming properly, you need to lay a layer of thermal insulation with a thickness of 5 cm. So the heat will be saved in a private house much better.

Then it is necessary to again cover the floor with a layer of waterproofing. Then the reinforced frame is laid down. The required thickness of the mesh is more than 3 mm.

The last thing you need to do to warm the foundation in the dacha is to pour the floor with concrete, while the height of its layer should reach 10 cm.

After hardening of the concrete surface, they pass to the interior finish of the floor, that is, they put ceramic or floorboards.

Creating ventilation

To a ventilation system at the dacha where the basement became a garage or a bathhouse, there was a comfortable atmosphere and ventilated.

This is especially important in a garage when it is required to eliminate the unpleasant smells of gasoline or engine oil that can go up into the house.

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And having arranged under a floor in a summer residence a sauna or pool, ventilation it is possible to achieve drying of damp rooms.

The most common type of ventilation for a basement with a garage or a cellar for storing products from the garden is a supply-exhaust system. It creates a natural influx of air masses.

In order for the ventilation to work properly, it must consist of a pipe through which air enters from outside and an extractor that draws air from the room.

First, in the garage or another basement room, install a chimney. It is attached to the ceiling and is led out through the roof. When there is a fireplace channel downstairs, the hood can be placed near it.

This will only strengthen the ventilation in the basement at the cottage. It is better that the exhaust pipe towers above all the buildings located next to the garage or sauna in the country.

A supply pipe installed in the side of the basement, which is opposite the wall with a hood. It is mounted at half a meter from the floor. The supply pipe in the garage is also removed upstairs - to the roof.

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Warming of basement rooms

It is clear that the basement is the coldest place in the house.

When it became a garage, and there it is planned to leave the car in winter so that you do not have to warm up the engine for a long time, you need to insulate the floor and the ceiling.

Maybe there was a need not in the garage, but in a room for storing food.

Then the place at the bottom of the house is all the more in need of thermal insulation so that vegetables and other edible provisions are not frozen in the cold and do not become moldy from condensation during the hot season.

On the floor of the basement, as mentioned above, when the mastic for the waterproofing will dry, lay the sheets of expanded polystyrene, glued to resin or hard bitumen. On this layer, asbestos-cement slabs are laid.

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To the top of the basement, that is, to the ceiling in the garage, the foam polystyrene sheets are also fastened using liquid nails or adhesive compounds.

Instead it is allowed to use mineral wool, it is installed in the crate, made of wood and metal profiles.

For the insulation of the ceiling above the garage, foam is suitable. It just sticks to the top with glue.

The sequence of actions that are guided, thinking out how to build a basement, is fully described.

The case remained for a small - to decorate the interior of the basement, which is dominated by only the owner of the house.

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What would not owners of the dacha like - go down to the bar or spend time in a cozy living room with soft furniture, the finish of the basement depends only on their preferences.

In any case, it is very popular to decorate the lower room in the form of brickwork, often in the interior add elements of antique furniture and old accessories.

With the main part of the house a basement is connected by a convenient staircase and a hatch.