Choice of
system scheme In order to properly design a drainage system, it is necessary to follow the principle of the correct slope of pipelines. To determine it, it is desirable to have a map with elevation marks of the soil, but if there is not one, you can determine the direction of the gradient by observing the direction in which atmospheric precipitation flows.
Drainage pipes are placed along the perimeter of the entire site. The main task in the calculation and design of the system is its tracing and determination of the deepening of the laying of pipes.
Calculation of the depth of the drainage
Calculation of the depth of freezing. It is recommended to place the pipes below the freezing point of the soil, since the most important task of the system is to keep working during the spring flood and to remove excess water from the site in time.
There is a direct dependence of the freezing depth of soils on the climatic zone on which the site is located, as well as on the porosity of the soil. The higher this index, the worse the ground is subjected to freezing.
Reduces the ability of the soil to freeze in the same way the amount of snow cover, since a large layer of snow warms the soil well.
The minimum depth of the drainage pipe is determined as follows: from the freezing of the soil for a specific climatic zone, it is necessary to take 300 mm( pipes less than 500 mm in diameter) or 500 mm( for larger diameters).
Calculation of the depth of foundations is simple - the foundation marking is summed up with a value of 0.5 meters, as a result we get the required depth of gutters. Such a design of the system allows drainage to drain ground and flood waters until they have reached the foundations and basements.
Do not overestimate the dryness of the soil during construction, as in autumn and summer, the water table is much lower than in spring, which must be taken into account when choosing the depth of the drainage.
The characteristic depth that can be taken in our locality is the values within the limits of 1.3-1.4 meters without taking into account the heat transfer from the buildings. It affects the calculation only if the house is heated in winter.
Let's summarize: if the foundation laying depth is 1.5 meters, accordingly the drainage will be laid on the 2m deep.
Having made calculations for both methods, the working depth of the drainage pipe, which has a higher value, is chosen and adopted.
Prevention of flooding of the house
The house is the most important structure to be protected from flooding and flooding. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure an effective drainage of water by erecting drainage around it. For the protection of foundations, cellars and basements, it is necessary to do the following:
- Excavation works are carried out around the perimeter of the building - it is necessary to dig a trench 0.5 meters wide and depth, which was determined by previous calculation. It is necessary to make sure that the slope of the running meter is at least two centimeters. Part of the trench, which has the lowest mark, must be connected to the drainage pit. From the walls to the ditches should be 3-5 meters.
- The bottom of the trench is covered with a layer of crushed stone 0.5 meters thick. Before purchasing it, you should calculate the amount of material required for this action, according to the formula:
V = L * H * W, in which:
- V - the necessary cubic capacity of crushed stone, cu.m
- L - length of the trench, m
- H - thickness of the gravel bed, it is recommended to take 0.5 m.
- W - trench width, m
- Pipes are laid on a substrate of rubble
- . At the point of contact of the pipe with a concrete ring,greater than its diameter.
The correct calculation of the drainage system is a guarantee that in spring the basements of the house and its foundations will not be affected by flooding, and excess moisture will be allocated from the site. Extremely important indicators in the design, such as the depth of the drainage pipe, the system trace, as well as the correct organization of construction work will not worry about the threat of flooding.
