Arrangement of concrete floor on the ground in a private house

Quite often, especially in private housing construction, they try to equip the concrete floor on the ground, and it is connected, first of all, with purely practical reasons.

At present, such a floor is equipped in a garage, a basement, a sauna and even a veranda in a private house.

First of all, this base has high strength, excellent durability and optimal versatility.

Sometimes in a private house, basement, bathhouse, garage or on the veranda it is the concrete base that is the only alternative.

In addition, working with concrete, it is possible to equip the heated floor, and in a private house, bathhouse, veranda or in the garage is an important factor, since with the advent of cold weather, it is not so easy to heat a certain space.

It should be noted that even in a wooden house in which preference was given to floors on a wooden base, today concrete is used everywhere.

By itself pouring the floor with concrete in a private house, basement, bathhouse, garage or on the veranda is performed in several stages.

It is necessary not only to properly prepare the rough layer, but also to accurately make a calculation, perform reinforcement.

In addition, waterproofing is installed, if necessary, then the floor is warm.

This design is sometimes called a floor pie, and for its arrangement you need certain materials and the appropriate tool, and you can do all the work yourself.

Features of floors on concrete basis

Floors on concrete basis are equipped on a wide variety of surfaces, including over the ground. In itself, concrete from the family of those materials that are unpretentious and not demanding in the work.

To make this pie really durable and extremely durable, all work needs to be done correctly and in accordance with the technology.

It should be noted that the principle of work is the same, both for the foundation in a wooden house, and in a bathhouse, garage and even in the basement.

In any case, the work begins with the preparation of the roughing base, the reinforcement is made, then the waterproofing is laid, if necessary, the heated floor is finished and all the casting of the concrete is completed.

A prerequisite for installing the floor on the ground is the pouring device.

To prevent cracks in the floor during the operation, so-called deformation seams are made in a special way.

Despite the fact that the construction of such a floor is quite complicated, and the technology of performing works implies certain knowledge, everyone can do it by themselves.

First of all, before making a backfill, you need to make an appropriate calculation. Here it is important to decide on what it is better to do and what the thickness of such a backfill will be.

In addition, an important role is played by waterproofing the floor, regardless of where it is located: in a wooden house, garage, bathhouse or in the basement.

It should be noted that it is not possible to equip the concrete floor cake with all types of soil.

So, the groundwater level should not be above five meters, besides, the soil should not be mobile and wet.

It should be noted that it is necessary to equip a concrete base only in heated premises, and if it is planned in a garage, basement or bathhouse, you need to think about ensuring that in these cold rooms there are corresponding temperature indicators.

Otherwise, there will be an additional load on the foundation, which can lead to quite serious consequences.

Preliminary work

It is necessary to start work on the installation of concrete floor directly on the ground only after all the other construction work has been completed in the house, garage, bathhouse or in the basement, namely the walls and the roof have been built.

To begin with, it is necessary to make a calculation of your actions, to determine the final level, that is, the mark to which the fill is planned.

Make such a markup should be correct and attentive, since the floor cake should be as flat as possible in all places.

For this it is necessary to put one meter up from the lowest point of the door opening and mark it along the perimeter of all the walls.

Further from this line one meter is postponed, only down, and the line along the whole perimeter of the walls is also drawn.

The marked line will denote the upper part of the finishing floor.

It is also recommended to stretch the strap on this line, which will make it easier to navigate during work.

Next follows from the space in which the pie of the floor will be arranged, take out absolutely all the debris and remove the top layer from the surface of the soil.

As a result, from the previously marked line should be a groove throughout the room.

Then carefully clean the remaining soil. Of course, it is better to do it with the help of special devices, such as, for example, a vibration plate or a vibrator.

If such devices are not at hand, then you can tamper with a log, to which on one side the board is nailed, and to the other handles.

It is recommended to additionally prepare a layer of clay, which is applied thinly over the ground and also carefully compacted. After this, start forming the undercoat.

Its first layer should consist of gravel, which is laid, watered and thoroughly rammed. Then sand is poured, abundantly spilled and rumbled.

The finishing layer is laid with crushed stone according to exactly the same scheme. The thickness of the undercoat should be within thirty centimeters.

Waterproofing and reinforcement

After the rough layer of the floor in the form of a bedding is completed, proceed to the formation of the following.

In general, the rough layer of the floor also consists of several separate layers, which also need to be calculated.

The roughing layer of the floor also includes its waterproofing, the thickness of which depends on the materials used for this.

Like the rest of the work on the construction of the roughing base, the floor waterproofing is done by one's own hands.

Beginning on top of the lower roughing base is a roll of waterproofing, which today can be easily selected in the relevant building stores.

Waterproofing spreads throughout the space of the room with a walk on the walls, where it is then fixed. All joints are performed with an overlap and are additionally glued.

Next, lay a foam, expanded clay or some other similar material that will act as the thermal insulation of the rough foundations of the concrete floor.

For more details on how the waterproofing of concrete floors is done, see the video below.

Video:

The installation of a concrete floor on a foundation requires the reinforcement of a concrete. As for other layers, it is necessary to make a measurement and calculation by hand.

The design of this layer must fully comply with all anticipated loads, the calculation of which should also be done at the initial stage of the work.

The thickness of this layer depends on many factors and is determined in advance. As suitable materials, it is allowed to use both plastic and metal nets and a welded frame.

Many experts recommend performing reinforcement with a special welded mesh.

It is rare that the reinforcement is made from a welded frame, but its design is quite inconvenient for laying in the concrete floor.

Regardless of the material from which the reinforcement will be made, it must be laid on the base through special supports.

Installation of beacons and pouring of concrete

In order to fill the concrete floor as smoothly as possible and the cake has turned out in accordance with how the preliminary calculation was made, it is necessary to properly set up the so-called lighthouses.

It is recommended to use round tubes or a square profile as the main guides.

For their arrangement, it is necessary to split the entire space into equal parts, and then set the rails on the base with concrete.

All work should be done with extreme care, controlling the horizontal level of each guide with a level.

As a result, the whole room should be conditionally divided into equal parts by profiles.

It will be possible to start pouring concrete only after the concrete fastenings of the profiles get a little gripped and stand up.

Before preparing mortar for concrete, it is necessary to perform the calculation of the mixture, and it will depend on this later on the strength and durability of the concrete base.

The structure of the floor, both in the house and in the basement, has several separate layers, and it is the concrete that is the final one.

For this type of work, the brand of cement is selected, and the proportion of all components included in the mixture is calculated. The solution should have a uniform consistency, be plastic, but not liquid.

Pouring of concrete starts at the corner of the room, which is located in the opposite corner from the door. During pouring, it is necessary to periodically pierce the mortar with a reinforcing pin so that air can escape from it.

The concrete on the ground is leveled by a rule, and its evenness is tracked by lighthouses. At the final stage, the guides are taken out, and the formed spaces are filled with fresh solution.

The maximum strength after pouring the foundation will dial in twenty days, and until then it is not recommended to continue any construction work.

For more details on pouring a concrete foundation over the ground, see the video below.

Video: