The device of a rough floor in a wooden house

When building a country house or replacing the old floor with a new one, the rough floor is of great importance.

The most common type is the rough floor on the logs.

To do it, do not need special skills, it's not difficult.

Such a preliminary flooring is intended solely for dry buildings, and not for baths or saunas, toilets. Planks can not tolerate moisture.

Roughing floor on the logs

Logs are just bars that form the basis for straightening the floor. Logs are not a planed board made of needles. In a private house, the boards can be changed to strong logs, previously prepared.

Logs have hummocks and protrusions, so their upper part, which in the future will lay the final floor, has to be slightly corrected with an ax.

The aligned logs are placed in the grooves cut in the walls. Between the wall and the laid log there should be a small gap of 3 mm so that the floor does not creak.

In addition to grooves, logs can additionally be supported by brick racks.

To prevent damage to the board from pests, the edges should be covered with an antiseptic or treated with bitumen. When it comes to laying, you need to keep in mind that the log should be 60 cm thick.

This is a mandatory minimum. If thick logs are taken under the rough floor, then they can be stacked a meter apart from each other.

The main support for the preliminary floor in a private house will be a bar with a section of 50 to 50. It is screwed onto the screws on both sides of the logs.

The beam must be fastened tightly and in all places, otherwise, it can fall.

To properly lay the rough floor with your own hands, you need to fix the bars along the length of the log, taking into account the fact that the floor still needs to be insulated.

Let's admit, thickness of a heater - 10 sm, and a rough board - 25 mm in thickness. Then the gap between the top edge of the log and the bar should be 12.5 cm.

If the insulation layer is thicker, then this figure will be larger.

If the rough floor in a wooden house is made of logs, then laying it can cause some problems.

There are knots sticking out on the sides of the logs, there are small notches, so it is not possible to make the same boards. The only way out is to saw each board in turn.

If it is decided to use thick beams, then you can be calm and boldly saw. Each board is laid on one bar, which was bolted from the edges of the logs.

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Nails are driven into the boards, or self-tapping screws are screwed in. To conduct further work, on the floor temporarily throw solid boards, so that it does not break under heavy weight.

There are many clues on how to make the rough floor in the above video.

Assembling the rough floor

Next, the installation of the remaining base layers begins. On the rough floor in the wooden house, after installing the roughing lag, they prefer to fasten cranial bars.

They differ small section 4 by 4 centimeters. The bars are placed below, on the side of the log.

It is possible to use a board as a cranial bar. But it should be wider than the lag, preferably four centimeters from all sides.

Such board is nailed to the lag in two places: from below and along it.

The boards are then stacked on top of cranial beams. The boards do not need to be attached to bars and lags. Mounting boards has one nuance. They are crammed freely so that they only hold a layer of insulation.

Then it is necessary to use an antiseptic, which prevents decay of wood and damage by insects. They must necessarily process both cranial bars, and lags, and all the boards.

It is recommended to repeat the disinfection after 2 hours.

Important point - waterproofing. The floor must be covered with a waterproofing layer to the entire height of the future floor. Waterproofing is carried out with the help of films, which are fastened together with a stapler.

Protecting the surface from penetration of moisture, produce insulation. If the thermal insulation material fits well, it is possible to insulate the floor with even two layers.

Just like waterproofing, a vapor barrier is produced. The same thing is fastened to the films that enter the remaining height of the floor. In addition, the pieces of film can be glued together with scotch tape.

Further measures - ventilation, which is created with the help of beaten along the lag counter rails, the laying of the board cover, which plays the role of chipboard or osb plates, and soundproofing using sheets of particle board.

But the installation of the pre-floor can be done differently. The easiest way to get a sturdy floor on the logs is to lay the os.

This method is relevant if in a private house the columnar-pile foundation, and the distance between the lags corresponds to the size of the plates.

First, the laying of the roughing takes place, along the lags are nailed bars. Then the osb plates from the wrong side should be covered with bituminous mastic( so waterproofing is carried out) and put them on the logs.

Osl plates are fixed on logs with nails or screws. The nails are driven into the slabs a centimeter away from their edge, so that the osb can not become covered with cracks.

How to carefully install the plates, shown in the photo.

Then, a couple of mm thick vapor barrier film is installed on the OSB.Then you need to use polystyrene or mineral wool to insulate the floor.

After making the insulation, make the installation of another layer of Osl.

Dry floor screed

How to make the rough floor of the wood became clear. But the wooden floor is good in a private house, and in a bathhouse it is not profitable to lay boards, because of humidity they quickly deteriorate.

The same thing in an apartment with a toilet and a bathtub, and in an old brick house where a concrete floor has already been built. Therefore, the device of the rough floor in such places should be different.

In this case, the floor can be leveled with a concrete screed, a popular self-leveling floor or a dry screed method.

The latter option is distinguished by its low cost.

This rough floor screed in the apartment will require the presence of damper tape, polyethylene film, expanded clay and plywood - an excellent material for the preparation of the base in a frame structure.

Tools:

• screwdriver;
• jigsaw;
• Roulette;
• ruler;
• self-tapping screws;
• marker.

A polyethylene film is laid on the concrete platform for vapor barrier sealing. It must be stitched with an overlap on the walls at 10-15 cm. And in places of joints, the pieces of the film make an overlap even more - 20 cm.

The edges are covered with scotch so that they do not creep.

Next, around the perimeter of the house are glued a damper tape. The tape should be glued at a height at which the expanded clay will be poured.

With the help of a water level, beacons are installed to reach a flat surface.

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After that, the claydite is covered, leveling it, focusing on the supplied guides. The minimum layer of expanded clay is 2 cm.

It is better not to pour out all at once, but in parts, that is, first only under one sheet of plywood.

When laying a roughing floor from plywood, there are some inconveniences. Walking along the first sheet of plywood, it seems that she is "drowning" in claydite.

It's not scary, laying the remaining layers, you can be sure that the dry screed acts: the plates are flat and do not move to the sides. When plywood is being laid, the plates are not particularly moved.

They weigh up to 17 kg, and dragging them can deform the claydite layer.
Connecting plates are recommended by self-tapping screws. The standard gap between them is 12 centimeters.

To solder the sheets was the strongest, their joints are greased with PVA glue. It is better to apply by waves and not densely, after all after a plate are fastened by self-tapes.

How to apply glue, shown in the photo.
Then all joints must be covered with putty and wipe. After completely drying, it is necessary to level the base, that is, use grinding.

If you produce a dry screed in an apartment with a bath and in a bath, the plywood slabs should be treated with a special mixture. So the house will be guaranteed waterproofing.

Protective composition can serve either as bituminous mastic or cement mortar. Do not forget about the insulation.

How to make a dry screed plywood, look at the video.

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Roughing of rough floors on the ground

The device for roughing floor can be made economically. So the preliminary floor can be poured on the ground.

But this kind of rough floor is suitable only for such a structure, under which is completely dry ground.

The design of the inconclusive floor on the ground does not require the installation of beams, it is important to make the floor cushion on the ground and make insulation.

Before pouring the rough floor on the ground, it is necessary to compact the earth so that the soil does not shrink and the floor is flat. When the soil is hardened, a pillow of sand is put on it.

Video:

The layer is moistened and pressed using a vibrator. As a result, it should decrease by 25%.Top granite is poured over the top to harden the layer.

The next stage of preparation of the auxiliary floor on the ground is waterproofing. To completely limit the penetration of moisture into the house, it is simply necessary.

For protection against water, bitumen in rolls or a polymeric membrane is more suitable. Waterproofing does not allow the use of a polyethylene liner, which is stitched in one piece without seams.

Matter is overlapped and connected with adhesive tape.

Waterproofing must be carried out carefully so that the material is not damaged and torn. The material should go to the walls, about 20 cm, the excess cut off after the final screed.
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Installation of the preliminary floor on the ground begins with the pouring of a thin layer of concrete. It is a platform for steam and waterproofing. The raw material for the rough concrete screed is class B. Concrete.

. As a filler, crushed stone is used with a diameter of up to 22 mm.

The optimum thickness of the rough layer varies between 40 and 50 mm. The concrete should be poured neatly, so that the layer horizontally is not more than 4 mm. This is checked by the building level.

How to pour concrete and not make mistakes in calculations, will teach the following video.

After that go to the vapor barrier layer. The best protective film is a polymer-bitumen membrane with a polyester or glass fiber content.

This material will allow you to spend less on home heating.

Warming can be done with foam. This option is ideal in a frame structure, such as a garage or warehouse. Also, nothing prevents the house from warming with foam polystyrene or mineral wool.

In general, pouring floors on the ground is not a difficult process, and it can be done quickly and fairly easily.
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This method is often used in a frame house, whose construction is very popular. The bottom floor of the floor is on the ground, then you can have a wooden flooring.

A bearing base in a frame house is covered with slabs. The finished base must comply with all the rules, it depends on how much heat will be in the frame structure.