Wiring rules for self-wiring

Before starting the installation of electrical wiring with your own hands, it is necessary to think everything over and study the building codes and safety rules.

On how well it will be performed, first of all, safety in the house depends.

Special attention should be paid not only to the method of cable laying, but also to the creation of a project, the choice of materials, the reading of various documents( SNIPs, safety engineering, etc.).

Safety rules and regulations

The installation of the electrical wiring begins with the familiarization with safety precautions.

You should not joke with electricity, as it can cause serious problems and their consequences.

Here are the basic rules for installing electrical wiring in the apartment:

• Installation of switches, sockets and meters must be carried out in easily accessible places;
• It is forbidden that the wiring is in contact with metal building structures, the minimum distance from them is 0.4 m;
• All wiring connections are made only in a special box, any other twists of wires hidden in inaccessible tunnels are prohibited;
• Connecting the ground wires and zero is only permitted by means of special pads with twisting bolts.

It is recommended to study the various wiring diagrams with your own hands, but they all have a number of general rules that tell about the location of the cable and end points( sockets, boxes, switches, etc.):

• Switches should be installed at a height of 0.6-0.8 m,if they are used by children, and at an altitude of 1.5 m - if adults;
• Doors must not block access to switches;
• Sockets should be installed at a height of 0.5-0.8 m, from the metal pipes of the heating system the distance should be at least 0.5 m;
• The recommended number of outlets is 1 for every 6 sq. M.m. room, in the kitchen their number can be large depending on the number of connected electrical appliances;
• Sockets in the bathroom and kitchen should be connected to a separate isolating transformer;
• The wiring is strictly permitted in two directions: vertical or horizontal;
• The minimum cable distance from the main elements of the room is as follows: from the baseboard - 0.15-0.2 m, from the beams and eaves - 0.1 m, from the window openings - 0.1 m.

It is also recommended to study the snip-in wiring.

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There are two main documents:

• 3.05.05-84 - describes the rules for installing electrical wiring in pipes;
• 31.110-2003 - describes the rules for the design and installation of wiring in residential areas.

A little familiarity is required by the safety precautions when installing the wiring.

Getting started, you need to get an old cable plan to avoid damaging them.

You need to work at daylight in good light so that you can de-energize the house.

It is recommended to use only a special wiring tool with insulated handles.

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Before touching the connected wires, they are checked for voltage with an indicator screwdriver.

Installation of electrical wiring in the apartment

It is necessary to start the installation of electrical wiring in an apartment with the drawing up of a scheme.

It is conditional and only reflects the exact placement of the wires, as well as the places in which electrical equipment will be installed.

The presence of a circuit allows the correct placement of junction boxes.

If the walls are already laid wires, you need an old circuit wiring harness in the apartment.

At the same time, it is recommended to run a new wiring, using as much as possible all the old ways.

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In an apartment, the wires are usually laid in the wall and covered with plaster.

The installation requirements for wiring are the same as those described in the previous section.
Inside the cable, do not twist and cross each other, otherwise they will start to heat up.

It is recommended to install the electrical wiring by yourself using the following rules:

• The separating box is placed in a corner from which the distance to each of the points will be minimum;
• If necessary, install more than one box, but they must all be on the same level;
• From the junction box, the cable is laid horizontally along the perimeter and descended vertically to the required level in the places where the sockets and switches are mounted.

Installation of electrical wiring in a country house

Virtually no difference in the installation of wiring in a private house, but only the wires often do not go too deep into the wall, and sometimes even at the top on the boxes.

Beginning the installation of wiring in the house, first a circuit is drawn up again.

If the structure is two-story, it will have some differences. Each floor, including the basement, must be equipped with its shield with automatic weapons.

Especially interesting is the installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house. It is performed superficially in special protective boxes. The cable passing through the wall must be placed inside the metal tube.

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When the wiring is installed in the bath, the wires must be reliably protected from moisture.

They are laid in a corrugated metal tube, which is recommended for use on a plastic box.

Next we will consider the installation of electrical wiring by our own means in various ways.

Mounting methods

The most popular installation of hidden electrical wiring, when the wires reliably hide from the eyes.

The wall is made of a shtroba, inside of which a cable is laid. It needs to be fastened every 40-50 cm with a metal or plastic clip attached to the wall.

To protect the wire, it is planned to install electrical wiring in pipes. In this case, they must be metallic, so as not to ignite in the event of a short circuit.

The wires from the panel board go down and run along the floor surface, climbing the walls to outlets, switches or junction boxes.

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Also in the cable is placed the cable going in the plasterboard partition.

Widely distributed installation of open wiring in wooden houses or in cases where it is not possible to hide the cable in the construction of the building.

However, "open" does not mean that a bare wire is attached to the surface.

We recommend the installation of wiring in the cable channels - a special plastic box, which is laid on the wall.

Inside it is laid the wire and closed with a lid.

The installation of the wiring in the boxes must be carried out taking into account several rules:

• No gap at the junction of the vertical and horizontal duct of the box;
• The cover must not be opened arbitrarily under the weight of the cable;
• Joints should not coincide with the junction of the box;
• The cable is fixed to the wooden surface with screws, to the concrete - anchors.

In uninhabited premises installation of cable electrical wiring is popular, when the cable is suspended on a steel galvanized wire rope, stranded from 3-4 veins.

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This is the simplest and cheapest form, which makes it easy to convert the electrical circuit.

The cable must be well insulated to prevent accidental contact with it.

Service prices for

What will be the cost of installing the wiring depends on who will undertake the work: the owner of the house or the construction team.

In the first case it will be possible to save a lot of time, in the second - money resources.

Today, the cost of works on wiring installation offered by the market depends on the area of ​​the premises:

• One-room apartment - from 12 thousand;
• One bedroom apartment - from 16 thousand;
• Two bedroom apartment - from 23 thousand.

At the same time, the cost of materials that can be purchased by the customer or for an additional payment by the construction organization is not taken into account.

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Also the prices for wiring installation include a number of additional services:

• Installation of spotlights - from 100 rubles;
• Installation of chandeliers - from 400 rubles.per piece;
• Bra installation - from 250 rubles;
• Installation of switches or sockets - from 80 rub.

Exactly having researched the prices for the installation of electrical wiring from local builders, everyone decides for themselves which option is more optimal for them.